测井多参数两向量法识别页岩气地质“甜点”
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摘要
为了给页岩气水平井地质导向钻井目标层的优选提供地质依据,以四川盆地威远地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩地层为研究对象,提出了测井多参数两向量法识别页岩气地质"甜点"的方法。该方法首先利用测井曲线计算页岩有机碳含量、脆性指数和含气饱和度;然后优选敏感反映好、中、差页岩气层的测井地质参数,结合试井资料构建页岩气层样本集;再由好、差两类页岩气层样本计算第一、第二判别向量C、K及其对应的综合指标R_1、R_2,建立好、中、差页岩气层判别图版和分类特征投影函数F;进而根据判别结果优选出页岩气地质"甜点"作为地质导向钻井的目标层,并进行了现场检验。结果表明:(1)据该区筇竹寺组页岩地层测井地质参数拟合/改进的有机碳含量、脆性指数、含气饱和度的公式可用于相关参数的计算;(2)依据页岩气层判别图版与特征函数F确定页岩气地质"甜点"层段判别标准所得到的结果直观可靠;(3)现场实践中,采用该方法实时准确划分了页岩地层的目标层和导向标志层,准确率由采用传统的多元线性逐步判别法的72.6%提高到了现在的87.4%。结论认为,该方法应用于研究区页岩气地质"甜点"的判别,所得结果合理可靠、准确度高。
For providing a geological basis for the target layer optimization of geosteering drilling of horizontal shale gas wells, with the shale formation of Qiongzhusi Fm, Lower Cambrian in the Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin, as the research subject, it was proposed to identify geological "sweet spots" of shale gas by a two-vector method based on logging multi-parameter. In this method, the total organic carbon(TOC), brittleness index(BI) and gas saturation(Sg) of shale are firstly calculated using the logging curves. Secondly, logging and geological parameters that can sensitively reflect good, medium and poor shale gas layers are preferentially selected, and then combined with well test data, the sample set of shale gas layers is constituted. Thirdly, the first and second discriminant vectors(C, K) and their corresponding comprehensive indexes(R1, R2) are calculated based on the samples of good and poor shale gas layers, and then the discrimination chart of good, medium and poor shale gas layers is plotted and the projective function of classification characteristic(F) is established. And finally, based on the discrimination results, the geological "sweet spots" of shale gas is selected as the target layer of geosteering drilling, and verified on site. It is demonstrated that the TOC, BI and Sg formulas fitted/improved on the basis of the logging and geological data of Qiongzhusi Fm shale in this area can be used in the calculation of related parameters. Besides, the discrimination criterion of geological "sweet spots" of shale gas according to the shale gas layer discrimination chart and the characteristic function(F) can provide intuitive and reliable discrimination results. Finally, when this method is applied to the LWD field test, target layers and steering markers are classified accurately in real time, and the precision ratio rises to 87.4% from 72.6%, the precision ratio of the traditional multi-element linear stepwise discrimination method. To sum up, this method is applicable to the identification of geological "sweet spots" of shale gas and the results are reasonable, reliable and accurate.
For providing a geological basis for the target layer optimization of geosteering drilling of horizontal shale gas wells, with the shale formation of Qiongzhusi Fm, Lower Cambrian in the Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin, as the research subject, it was proposed to identify geological "sweet spots" of shale gas by a two-vector method based on logging multi-parameter. In this method, the total organic carbon(TOC), brittleness index(BI) and gas saturation(Sg) of shale are firstly calculated using the logging curves. Secondly, logging and geological parameters that can sensitively reflect good, medium and poor shale gas layers are preferentially selected, and then combined with well test data, the sample set of shale gas layers is constituted. Thirdly, the first and second discriminant vectors(C, K) and their corresponding comprehensive indexes(R1, R2) are calculated based on the samples of good and poor shale gas layers, and then the discrimination chart of good, medium and poor shale gas layers is plotted and the projective function of classification characteristic(F) is established. And finally, based on the discrimination results, the geological "sweet spots" of shale gas is selected as the target layer of geosteering drilling, and verified on site. It is demonstrated that the TOC, BI and Sg formulas fitted/improved on the basis of the logging and geological data of Qiongzhusi Fm shale in this area can be used in the calculation of related parameters. Besides, the discrimination criterion of geological "sweet spots" of shale gas according to the shale gas layer discrimination chart and the characteristic function(F) can provide intuitive and reliable discrimination results. Finally, when this method is applied to the LWD field test, target layers and steering markers are classified accurately in real time, and the precision ratio rises to 87.4% from 72.6%, the precision ratio of the traditional multi-element linear stepwise discrimination method. To sum up, this method is applicable to the identification of geological "sweet spots" of shale gas and the results are reasonable, reliable and accurate.
引文
[1]潘仁芳,龚琴,鄢杰,金吉能.页岩气藏“甜点”构成要素及富气特征分析——以四川盆地长宁地区龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):7-13.Pan Renfang,Gong Qin,Yan Jie&Jin Jineng.Elements and gas enrichment laws of sweet spots in shale gas reservoir:A case study of the Longmaxi Fm in Changning block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(3):7-13.
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[3]张树东,吴宝玉,田云英,郭廷亮,李红刚.川渝地区复杂储层水平井地质导向技术[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(2):71-80.Zhang Shudong,Wu Baoyu,Tian Yunying,Guo Tingliang&Li Honggang.The technology and application about the complex reservoir horizontal well geological steering in the Sichuan and Chongqing Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(2):71-80.
[4]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,李新景,黄金亮,王淑芳,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):166-178.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,et al.Shale gas in China:Characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):166-178.
[5]董大忠,王玉满,李新景,邹才能,管全中,张晨晨,等.中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):19-32.Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Zou Caineng,Guan Quanzhong,Zhang Chenchen,et al.Breakthrough and prospect of shale gas exploration and development in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):19-32.
[6]张晨晨,王玉满,董大忠,李新景,管全中.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩脆性评价与“甜点层”预测[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):51-60.Zhang Chenchen,Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Xinjing&Guan Quanzhong.Evaluation of the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale brittleness and prediction of'sweet spot layers'in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):51-60.
[7]吴奇,梁兴,鲜成钢,李峋.地质—工程一体化高效开发中国南方海相页岩气[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):1-23.Wu Qi,Liang Xing,Xian Chenggang&Li Xun.Geoscience-to-production integration ensures effective and efficient south China marine shale gas development[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):1-23.
[8]刘乃震,王国勇.四川盆地威远区块页岩气甜点厘定与精准导向钻井[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):25-26.Liu Naizhen&Wang Guoyong.Shale gas sweet spot identification and precise geo-steering drilling in Weiyuan block of Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):25-26.
[9]吴雪平.页岩气水平井地质导向钻进中的储层“甜点”评价技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):74-80.Wu Xueping.Sweet spot evaluation technology in the geosteering drilling of shale gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):74-80.
[10]Adiguna H&Torres-Verdin C.Comparative study for the interpretation of mineral concentrations,total porosity,and TOC in hydrocarbon bearing shale from conventional well logs[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,30 September-2October 2013,New Orieans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166139-MS.
[11]严伟,王建波,刘帅,王昆,周依南.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组泥页岩储层测井识别[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):30-36.Yan Wei,Wang Jianbo,Liu Shuai,Wang Kun&Zhou Yinan.Logging identification for the Longmaxi mud shale reservoir in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):30-36.
[12]石强,陈鹏,王秀芹,刘凤新.页岩气水平井高产层段判识方法及其应用——以四川盆地威远页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):60-65.Shi Qiang,Chen Peng,Wang Xiuqin&Liu Fengxin.A method for identifying high-productivity intervals in a horizontal shale gas well and its application:A case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm in Weiyuan shale gas demonstration area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):60-65.
[13]李特社,夏宏泉,陈颖杰.基于脆性随钻解释的页岩气地质导向应用[J].国外测井技术,2015(6):31-34.Li Teshe,Xia Hongquan&Chen Yingjie.Geosteering application of brittleness based on interpreting while drilling in shale gas reservoirs[J].World Well Logging Technology,2015(6):31-34.
[14]Rickman R,Mullen MJ,Petre JE,Grieser WV&Kundert D.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24September 2008,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/115258-MS.
[15]刘向君,刘堂晏,刘诗琼.测井原理及工程应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Liu Xiangjun,Liu Tangyan&Liu Shiqiong.Logging principle and engineering application[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[16]钟光海,谢冰,周肖,彭骁,田冲.四川盆地页岩气储层含气量的测井评价方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):43-51.Zhong Guanghai,Xie Bing,Zhou Xiao,Peng Xiao&Tian Chong.A logging evaluation method for gas content of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):43-51.
[17]章成广,江万哲,潘和平.声波测井原理与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Zhang Chengguang,Jiang Wanzhe&Pan Heping.Sonic logging principles and applications[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[18]何更生,唐海.油层物理[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.He Gengsheng&Tang Hai.Reservoir physics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[19]孟凡顺,黄伏生,宋德才,刘关.费歇判别法识别大孔道[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(1):121-124.Meng Fanshun,Huang Fusheng,Song Decai&Liu Guan.Distinguishing large pore paths in sandstone oil layers by Fisher method using logging curves[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2007,37(1):121-124.
[20]Pitcher J&Gallice F.Beyond gamma ray:Determining a geosteering program for a new unconventional reservoir[J].The Leading Edge,2015,34(5):514-522.
[21]Zhou J.Uncertainty in geosteering and interpretation of horizontal wells-the necessity for constraints and geometric models[J].Leading Edge,2015,34(5):492-503.
[22]段新国,王允诚,李忠权,麻成斗,姜福聪.应用多组逐步判别分析优选油气层[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(1):68-71.Duan Xinguo,Wang Yuncheng,Li Zhongquan,Ma Chengdou&Jiang Fucong.Application of multigroup step discriminant analysis method for identification of oil and gas layers[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(1):68-71.
[2]陶彬,李林,常波涛,王超,贺敬博.应对成熟油田可持续开发的地质导向革新策略[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(2):62-70.Tao Bin,Li Lin,Chang Botao,Wang Chao&He Jingbo.Innovative geosteering strategies for the sustainable development of mature oilfields[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(2):62-70.
[3]张树东,吴宝玉,田云英,郭廷亮,李红刚.川渝地区复杂储层水平井地质导向技术[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(2):71-80.Zhang Shudong,Wu Baoyu,Tian Yunying,Guo Tingliang&Li Honggang.The technology and application about the complex reservoir horizontal well geological steering in the Sichuan and Chongqing Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(2):71-80.
[4]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,李新景,黄金亮,王淑芳,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):166-178.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,et al.Shale gas in China:Characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):166-178.
[5]董大忠,王玉满,李新景,邹才能,管全中,张晨晨,等.中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):19-32.Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Zou Caineng,Guan Quanzhong,Zhang Chenchen,et al.Breakthrough and prospect of shale gas exploration and development in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):19-32.
[6]张晨晨,王玉满,董大忠,李新景,管全中.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩脆性评价与“甜点层”预测[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):51-60.Zhang Chenchen,Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Xinjing&Guan Quanzhong.Evaluation of the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale brittleness and prediction of'sweet spot layers'in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):51-60.
[7]吴奇,梁兴,鲜成钢,李峋.地质—工程一体化高效开发中国南方海相页岩气[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):1-23.Wu Qi,Liang Xing,Xian Chenggang&Li Xun.Geoscience-to-production integration ensures effective and efficient south China marine shale gas development[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):1-23.
[8]刘乃震,王国勇.四川盆地威远区块页岩气甜点厘定与精准导向钻井[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):25-26.Liu Naizhen&Wang Guoyong.Shale gas sweet spot identification and precise geo-steering drilling in Weiyuan block of Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):25-26.
[9]吴雪平.页岩气水平井地质导向钻进中的储层“甜点”评价技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):74-80.Wu Xueping.Sweet spot evaluation technology in the geosteering drilling of shale gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):74-80.
[10]Adiguna H&Torres-Verdin C.Comparative study for the interpretation of mineral concentrations,total porosity,and TOC in hydrocarbon bearing shale from conventional well logs[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,30 September-2October 2013,New Orieans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166139-MS.
[11]严伟,王建波,刘帅,王昆,周依南.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组泥页岩储层测井识别[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):30-36.Yan Wei,Wang Jianbo,Liu Shuai,Wang Kun&Zhou Yinan.Logging identification for the Longmaxi mud shale reservoir in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):30-36.
[12]石强,陈鹏,王秀芹,刘凤新.页岩气水平井高产层段判识方法及其应用——以四川盆地威远页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):60-65.Shi Qiang,Chen Peng,Wang Xiuqin&Liu Fengxin.A method for identifying high-productivity intervals in a horizontal shale gas well and its application:A case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm in Weiyuan shale gas demonstration area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):60-65.
[13]李特社,夏宏泉,陈颖杰.基于脆性随钻解释的页岩气地质导向应用[J].国外测井技术,2015(6):31-34.Li Teshe,Xia Hongquan&Chen Yingjie.Geosteering application of brittleness based on interpreting while drilling in shale gas reservoirs[J].World Well Logging Technology,2015(6):31-34.
[14]Rickman R,Mullen MJ,Petre JE,Grieser WV&Kundert D.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24September 2008,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/115258-MS.
[15]刘向君,刘堂晏,刘诗琼.测井原理及工程应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Liu Xiangjun,Liu Tangyan&Liu Shiqiong.Logging principle and engineering application[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[16]钟光海,谢冰,周肖,彭骁,田冲.四川盆地页岩气储层含气量的测井评价方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):43-51.Zhong Guanghai,Xie Bing,Zhou Xiao,Peng Xiao&Tian Chong.A logging evaluation method for gas content of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):43-51.
[17]章成广,江万哲,潘和平.声波测井原理与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Zhang Chengguang,Jiang Wanzhe&Pan Heping.Sonic logging principles and applications[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[18]何更生,唐海.油层物理[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.He Gengsheng&Tang Hai.Reservoir physics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[19]孟凡顺,黄伏生,宋德才,刘关.费歇判别法识别大孔道[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(1):121-124.Meng Fanshun,Huang Fusheng,Song Decai&Liu Guan.Distinguishing large pore paths in sandstone oil layers by Fisher method using logging curves[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2007,37(1):121-124.
[20]Pitcher J&Gallice F.Beyond gamma ray:Determining a geosteering program for a new unconventional reservoir[J].The Leading Edge,2015,34(5):514-522.
[21]Zhou J.Uncertainty in geosteering and interpretation of horizontal wells-the necessity for constraints and geometric models[J].Leading Edge,2015,34(5):492-503.
[22]段新国,王允诚,李忠权,麻成斗,姜福聪.应用多组逐步判别分析优选油气层[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(1):68-71.Duan Xinguo,Wang Yuncheng,Li Zhongquan,Ma Chengdou&Jiang Fucong.Application of multigroup step discriminant analysis method for identification of oil and gas layers[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(1):68-71.