基于结构固有频率的沥青混合料动态模量及预估模型研究
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摘要
为实现沥青混合料动态模量的快速、无损检测,开展了基于无约束共振法的沥青混合料动态模量研究。首先,基于固有频率计算原理和时温等效原理,分别采用无约束共振法和重复加载法构建动态模量主曲线,阐明无约束共振法测试动态模量的可行性;然后,基于无约束共振法揭示温度、级配类型和空隙率对沥青混合料动态模量的影响规律。基于此,构建包含584组试验数据的动态模量预估模型数据库,采用BP神经网络方法建立动态模量预估模型,并与传统Witczak预估模型进行对比。结果表明:采用沥青混合料固有频率表征动态模量合理可行;无约束共振法可将重复加载法构建的动态模量主曲线最大换算频率10~7 Hz扩大至10~(14) Hz,构建更宽频域范围的动态模量主曲线,提高高频模量预估的准确性;BP神经网络预估模型的预测效果明显优于Witczak模型。研究为动态模量的快速、无损检测提供了技术基础。
To realize rapid and nondestructive testing of the dynamic modulus of an asphalt mixture, Free-free Resonant Test(FFRT) was studied. Firstly, based on the principles of natural frequency calculations and equivalent temperatures, the main dynamic modulus curves were constructed by FFRT and the repetitive loading method. Then, the feasibility of testing dynamic modulus using FFRT was expounded, and the influence of temperature, gradation type, and porosity on the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixture was studied by the FFRT method. Hence, a dynamic modulus prediction-model database was constructed based on the experimental data of 584 groups. Based on this investigation, the back-propagation(BP) neural network method was used to establish the dynamic modulus prediction model and compared with the traditional Witczak prediction model. The results demonstrate that it is both reasonable and feasible to characterize the dynamic modulus of an asphalt mixture by measuring the natural frequency. The FFRT can extend the constructed maximum frequency of the dynamic modulus main curve from 10~7 Hz to 10~(14) Hz using the repeated loading method(RLM). The main dynamic modulus in this wider frequency range was constructed, and the accuracy of high frequency prediction of the dynamic modulus was improved. The prediction results of the BP neural network model are more accurate than the Witczak model. In conclusion, the above study provides a technical basis for fast and nondestructive testing of the dynamic modulus.
To realize rapid and nondestructive testing of the dynamic modulus of an asphalt mixture, Free-free Resonant Test(FFRT) was studied. Firstly, based on the principles of natural frequency calculations and equivalent temperatures, the main dynamic modulus curves were constructed by FFRT and the repetitive loading method. Then, the feasibility of testing dynamic modulus using FFRT was expounded, and the influence of temperature, gradation type, and porosity on the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixture was studied by the FFRT method. Hence, a dynamic modulus prediction-model database was constructed based on the experimental data of 584 groups. Based on this investigation, the back-propagation(BP) neural network method was used to establish the dynamic modulus prediction model and compared with the traditional Witczak prediction model. The results demonstrate that it is both reasonable and feasible to characterize the dynamic modulus of an asphalt mixture by measuring the natural frequency. The FFRT can extend the constructed maximum frequency of the dynamic modulus main curve from 10~7 Hz to 10~(14) Hz using the repeated loading method(RLM). The main dynamic modulus in this wider frequency range was constructed, and the accuracy of high frequency prediction of the dynamic modulus was improved. The prediction results of the BP neural network model are more accurate than the Witczak model. In conclusion, the above study provides a technical basis for fast and nondestructive testing of the dynamic modulus.
引文
[1] 谭忆秋,傅锡光,马韶军,等.基于无约束共振法沥青混合料动态模量试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(12):116-122. TAN Yi-qiu, FU Xi-guang, MA Shao-jun, et al. Experimental Study on Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixture Based on Free-free Resonant Test [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015, 48 (12): 116-122.
[2] 徐志荣,常艳婷,陈忠达,等.沥青混合料动态模量试验标准研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(3):1-8. XU Zhi-rong, CHANG Yan-ting, CHEN Zhong-da, et al. Study on Test Standard of Asphalt Mixture Dynamic Modulus [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015, 15 (3): 1-8.
[3] 罗桑,钱振东,HARVEY J.环氧沥青混合料动态模量及其主曲线研究[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(6):16-20. LUO Sang, QIAN Zhen-dong, HARVEY J. Research on Dynamic Modulus for Epoxy Asphalt Mixtures and Its Master Curve [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2010, 23 (6): 16-20.
[4] ZHANG L, LI T, TAN Y. The Potential of Using Impact Resonance Test Method Evaluating the Anti-freeze-thaw Performance of Asphalt Mixture [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 115: 54-61.
[5] MUN S. Determining the Dynamic Modulus of a Viscoelastic Asphalt Mixture Using an Impact Resonance Test With Damping Effect [J]. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2015, 26 (4): 189-207.
[6] LUO R, LIU H. Improving the Accuracy of Dynamic Modulus Master Curves of Asphalt Mixtures Constructed Using Uniaxial Compressive Creep Tests [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2017, 29 (10): 08217001.
[7] 李强,李国芬,王宏畅.受力模式对沥青混合料动态模量的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(5):816-822. LI Qiang, LI Guo-fen, WANG Hong-chang. Effects of Loading Modes on Dynamic Moduli of Asphalt Mixtures [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2014, 17 (5): 816-822.
[8] 马翔,倪富健,陈荣生.沥青混合料动态模量试验及模型预估[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(3):35-39,52. MA Xiang, NI Fu-jian, CHEN Rong-sheng. Dynamic Modulus Test of Asphalt Mixture and Prediction Model [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2008, 21 (3): 35-39, 52.
[9] 马林,张肖宁.基于间接拉伸试验模式的沥青混合料动态模量[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(10):86-91. MA Lin, ZHANG Xiao-ning. Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixture Based on Indirect Tensile Test Mode [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2008, 36 (10): 86-91.
[10] DONGRE R, MYERS L, D'ANGELO J, et al. Field Evaluation of Witczak and Hirsch Models for Predicting Dynamic Modulus of Hot-mix Asphalt [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2005, 74: 381-442.
[11] GUDMARSSON A, RYDEN N, DI BENEDETTO H, et al. Complex Modulus and Complex Poisson's Ratio from Cyclic and Dynamic Modal Testing of Asphalt Concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 88: 20-31.
[12] FU P, JONES D, HARVEY J T, et al. Laboratory Test Methods for Foamed Asphalt Mix Resilient Modulus [J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2009, 10 (1): 187-212.
[13] WHITMOYER S L, KIM Y R. Determining Asphalt Concrete Properties via the Impact Resonant Method [J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 1994, 22 (2): 139-148.
[14] LACROIX A, KIM Y R, SADAT M, et al. Constructing the Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Using Impact Resonance Testing [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2009, 78: 67-95.
[15] KWEON G, KIM Y R. Determination of Asphalt Concrete Complex Modulus with Impact Resonance Test [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2006 (1970): 151-160.
[16] SCHAEFFER K, BEARCE R, WANG J. Dynamic Modulus and Damping Ratio Measurements from Free-free Resonance and Fixed-free Resonant Column Procedures [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2013, 139 (12): 2145-2155.
[17] KIM D, KIM Y R. Determination of Dynamic Modulus Values of Asphalt Mixtures Using Impact Resonance Testing of Thin Disk Specimens [J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2016, 45 (2): 509-520.
[18] 钱振东,张磊,陈磊磊.路面结构动力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010. QIAN Zhen-dong, ZHANG Lei, CHEN Lei-lei. Pavement Structure Dynamics [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2010.
[19] RYDEN N. Resonant Frequency Testing of Cylindrical Asphalt Samples [J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2011, 15 (4): 587-600.
[20] LIU J, YAN K, YOU L, et al. Prediction Models of Mixtures' Dynamic Modulus Using Gene Expression Programming [J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18 (11): 971-980.
[2] 徐志荣,常艳婷,陈忠达,等.沥青混合料动态模量试验标准研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(3):1-8. XU Zhi-rong, CHANG Yan-ting, CHEN Zhong-da, et al. Study on Test Standard of Asphalt Mixture Dynamic Modulus [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015, 15 (3): 1-8.
[3] 罗桑,钱振东,HARVEY J.环氧沥青混合料动态模量及其主曲线研究[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(6):16-20. LUO Sang, QIAN Zhen-dong, HARVEY J. Research on Dynamic Modulus for Epoxy Asphalt Mixtures and Its Master Curve [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2010, 23 (6): 16-20.
[4] ZHANG L, LI T, TAN Y. The Potential of Using Impact Resonance Test Method Evaluating the Anti-freeze-thaw Performance of Asphalt Mixture [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 115: 54-61.
[5] MUN S. Determining the Dynamic Modulus of a Viscoelastic Asphalt Mixture Using an Impact Resonance Test With Damping Effect [J]. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2015, 26 (4): 189-207.
[6] LUO R, LIU H. Improving the Accuracy of Dynamic Modulus Master Curves of Asphalt Mixtures Constructed Using Uniaxial Compressive Creep Tests [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2017, 29 (10): 08217001.
[7] 李强,李国芬,王宏畅.受力模式对沥青混合料动态模量的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2014,17(5):816-822. LI Qiang, LI Guo-fen, WANG Hong-chang. Effects of Loading Modes on Dynamic Moduli of Asphalt Mixtures [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2014, 17 (5): 816-822.
[8] 马翔,倪富健,陈荣生.沥青混合料动态模量试验及模型预估[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(3):35-39,52. MA Xiang, NI Fu-jian, CHEN Rong-sheng. Dynamic Modulus Test of Asphalt Mixture and Prediction Model [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2008, 21 (3): 35-39, 52.
[9] 马林,张肖宁.基于间接拉伸试验模式的沥青混合料动态模量[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(10):86-91. MA Lin, ZHANG Xiao-ning. Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixture Based on Indirect Tensile Test Mode [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2008, 36 (10): 86-91.
[10] DONGRE R, MYERS L, D'ANGELO J, et al. Field Evaluation of Witczak and Hirsch Models for Predicting Dynamic Modulus of Hot-mix Asphalt [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2005, 74: 381-442.
[11] GUDMARSSON A, RYDEN N, DI BENEDETTO H, et al. Complex Modulus and Complex Poisson's Ratio from Cyclic and Dynamic Modal Testing of Asphalt Concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 88: 20-31.
[12] FU P, JONES D, HARVEY J T, et al. Laboratory Test Methods for Foamed Asphalt Mix Resilient Modulus [J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2009, 10 (1): 187-212.
[13] WHITMOYER S L, KIM Y R. Determining Asphalt Concrete Properties via the Impact Resonant Method [J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 1994, 22 (2): 139-148.
[14] LACROIX A, KIM Y R, SADAT M, et al. Constructing the Dynamic Modulus Master Curve Using Impact Resonance Testing [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2009, 78: 67-95.
[15] KWEON G, KIM Y R. Determination of Asphalt Concrete Complex Modulus with Impact Resonance Test [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2006 (1970): 151-160.
[16] SCHAEFFER K, BEARCE R, WANG J. Dynamic Modulus and Damping Ratio Measurements from Free-free Resonance and Fixed-free Resonant Column Procedures [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2013, 139 (12): 2145-2155.
[17] KIM D, KIM Y R. Determination of Dynamic Modulus Values of Asphalt Mixtures Using Impact Resonance Testing of Thin Disk Specimens [J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2016, 45 (2): 509-520.
[18] 钱振东,张磊,陈磊磊.路面结构动力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010. QIAN Zhen-dong, ZHANG Lei, CHEN Lei-lei. Pavement Structure Dynamics [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2010.
[19] RYDEN N. Resonant Frequency Testing of Cylindrical Asphalt Samples [J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2011, 15 (4): 587-600.
[20] LIU J, YAN K, YOU L, et al. Prediction Models of Mixtures' Dynamic Modulus Using Gene Expression Programming [J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18 (11): 971-980.
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