汽车正面碰撞中驾驶人应急姿态下的损伤影响分析
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摘要
为研究汽车100%正面碰撞事故中驾驶人应急姿态对损伤的影响,根据实车碰撞试验数据,建立"车辆驾驶舱-驾驶人-约束系统"MADYMO仿真模型,并进行有效性验证。利用建立的仿真模型,定位假人并调整参数,进行车速为64 km/h的100%正面碰撞,先后对临碰撞时驾驶人的4种典型应急姿态进行碰撞仿真,然后对比分析驾驶人头部、胸部加速度以及损伤值。结果表明:在几种典型应急姿态下,驾驶人处于缩回姿态时,其头部会与方向盘发生直接接触,造成严重损伤,而胸部受安全带约束,损伤差异不大;而在临碰撞驾驶员保持正常坐姿时,驾驶员损伤最小,此时约束系统可达到最佳保护效果。
In order to study the influence of driver's emergency posture on the damage during the car 100% frontal collision,MADYMO simulation model of " vehicle cockpit-driver-restraint system" was established according to the actual vehicle crash test data,and the validity was verified. Using the established simulation model,positioning the dummy and adjusting the parameters,a 100% frontal collision with a speed of 64 km/h was carried out. Collision simulation was carried out for four kinds of typical emergency posture of the driver in the event of a collision,and then the driver's head,chest acceleration and damage value were compared. The results show that under several typical emergency situations,when the driver is in the retracted position,the head of the driver will make direct contact with the steering wheel,resulting in serious injury; while the chest is restrained by the seat belt with little difference in damage.However,when the driver of the collision maintains the normal sitting posture,the driver has the least damage,and the restraint system can achieve the best protection effect at this time.
In order to study the influence of driver's emergency posture on the damage during the car 100% frontal collision,MADYMO simulation model of " vehicle cockpit-driver-restraint system" was established according to the actual vehicle crash test data,and the validity was verified. Using the established simulation model,positioning the dummy and adjusting the parameters,a 100% frontal collision with a speed of 64 km/h was carried out. Collision simulation was carried out for four kinds of typical emergency posture of the driver in the event of a collision,and then the driver's head,chest acceleration and damage value were compared. The results show that under several typical emergency situations,when the driver is in the retracted position,the head of the driver will make direct contact with the steering wheel,resulting in serious injury; while the chest is restrained by the seat belt with little difference in damage.However,when the driver of the collision maintains the normal sitting posture,the driver has the least damage,and the restraint system can achieve the best protection effect at this time.
引文
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[2]张君媛,林逸,华伟,等.汽车智能乘员约束系统效能的仿真研究[J].汽车技术,2003(5):9-11.
[3]BOSE D,CRANDALLJ R,UNTAROIU C D,et al.Influence of pre-collision occupant parameters on injuryoutcome in a frontal collision[J].Accident Analysis andPrevention.2010,42:1398-1407.
[4]KEITA N,MASATAKA S,SUSUMU E,et al.Simultaneous three-dimensional analysis of cervical spine kinematics in the axial and sagittal views during a simulated frontal impact:differences between tensed and relaxed states[J].Asian Spine Journal,2015,9(6):876-883
[5]MILLER H J,MARIPUDI V.Restraint force optimization for a smart restraint system[C]//SAE Paper,Society of Automotive Engineers,1996:960662.
[6]李一兵,孙岳霆,徐成亮.基于交通事故数据的汽车安全技术发展趋势分析[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,3(7):241-253.
[7]汪学方,杨俊波,张鸿海.汽车安全气囊智能控制系统设计[J].机械与电子,2005(11):18-19.
[8]BAI Z H,JIANG B H,ZHU F,et al.Optimizing the passenger air bag of an adaptiverestraint system for multiple size occupants[J].Traffic Injury Prevention,2014,15(6):556-563.
[9]李勇,胡宁.汽车正面碰撞驾驶人胸部损伤影响因素分析[J].汽车工程,2011,33(7):598-602.
[10]曲洪亮,李德才,钱国强.基于MADYMO的乘员正面碰撞侧约束系统模型的建立[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(8):85-89.
[11]VERSACE J.A review of the severity index[C]//Proc 15th Stapp Car Crash Conf SAE,1971:710-881.
[12]胡军.汽车正面碰撞乘员约束系统仿真研究与改进设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012
[13]鞠海蒙,沈辉,孙亚,等.汽车正面碰撞中人体坐姿对驾驶人伤害的分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2015,(5):26-27.
[14]HUANG Y,WONG C,XIA Y,et al.Establishment of adaptive occupant restraint system optimization platform[C]//International Symposium on Automotive Safety Technology in China,[S.l]:[s.n],2010.
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