湖北宜昌志留系龙马溪组几丁虫及其年代和生物复苏意义
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摘要
调查分析了位于湖北省宜昌市分乡的一口志留系钻孔,在龙马溪组下段至上段下部的进尺约100 m的岩芯中采取了313件样品进行几丁虫分离,其中165件炭质泥岩和泥岩样品中共发现保存完整的早志留世几丁虫化石917枚。自下而上识别出Belonechitina?postrobusta,Conochitina alargada,Armoricochitina sp.和Conochitina emmastensis生物带。几丁虫生物带的组合特征和时代意义,及其与全球其它地区同期几丁虫对比,暗示几丁虫Conochitina alargada的始限位置与笔石Monograptus triangularis的始限位置接近,可以作为埃隆期底界界线划分的生物化石参考标志之一。志留纪龙马溪组几丁虫多样性最早发生在鲁丹期末期,在埃隆期晚期出现丰度和分异度的明显升高。微量元素组成的环境意义研究显示龙马溪组下段下部黑色页岩与下段上部深灰色页岩和上段下部黄绿色页岩形成于氧化环境,龙马溪组下段下部黑色页岩中几丁虫属种稀少不是环境所致,而是奥陶纪生物大绝灭之后志留纪几丁虫生物复苏之前几丁虫生物残存复苏阶段的产物,暗示奥陶纪大绝灭之后志留纪几丁虫生物复苏开始于鲁丹期晚期,并在埃隆期中-晚期发生辐射。
The study carried out an investigation for a drilling core of the Silurian System in Fengxiang town,Yichang,Hubei Province.313 samples were collected from about 100-m-long core consisting of the Lower Member and the lower Upper Member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation.Among them,165 samples of black shales and dark mudstones produce well-preserved Early Silurian chitinozoans.Four chitinozoan biozones were recognized,which include Belonechitina?postrobusta,Conochitina alargada,Armoricochitina sp.nov.and Conochitina emmastensis biozones in an ascending order.Each chitinozoan biozone was diverse and includes new species occurring with well known species,and can be correlated with chitinozoan biozones found from the contemporary strata of the Latvia,Estonia and other areas.The relationships between the chitinozoan biozones and the graptolite in the Silurian of the Yichang area indicate that the FAD of the chitinozoan Conochitina alargada is the same as that of the graptolite Monograptus triangularis,and can be regarded as one of the biomarks which defined the basal boundary of the Aeronian stage.
The study carried out an investigation for a drilling core of the Silurian System in Fengxiang town,Yichang,Hubei Province.313 samples were collected from about 100-m-long core consisting of the Lower Member and the lower Upper Member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation.Among them,165 samples of black shales and dark mudstones produce well-preserved Early Silurian chitinozoans.Four chitinozoan biozones were recognized,which include Belonechitina?postrobusta,Conochitina alargada,Armoricochitina sp.nov.and Conochitina emmastensis biozones in an ascending order.Each chitinozoan biozone was diverse and includes new species occurring with well known species,and can be correlated with chitinozoan biozones found from the contemporary strata of the Latvia,Estonia and other areas.The relationships between the chitinozoan biozones and the graptolite in the Silurian of the Yichang area indicate that the FAD of the chitinozoan Conochitina alargada is the same as that of the graptolite Monograptus triangularis,and can be regarded as one of the biomarks which defined the basal boundary of the Aeronian stage.
引文
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Butcher A.2013.Chitinozoans from the middle Rhuddanian(lower Landovery,Silurian)‘hot’”shale in the E1-NC174 core,Murzuq Basin,SW Libya.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,198:62~91.
Chen Xiaohong,Zhang Miao,Wang Chuangshang.2009.Ordovician Chitinozoan from South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~261.
Cramer F H.1967.Chitinozoans of a composite section of Upper Llandoverian to basal Lower Gedinnian sediments in northern León,Spain.Bull.Soc.Belge Géol.,75:69~129.
Geng Liangyu,Cai Xiyao.1988.Sequence of Llandovery chitinozoans in Yangtze region.Acta Paleontological Sinica,27(2):249~253.
Geng Liangyu,Qian Zhenshu,Ding Liansheng,et al.1997.Silurian chitinozoans from the Yangtze Region.Palaeoword(S.I.),Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,1~152.
Ghavidel-syooki M,Vecoli M.2007.Latest Ordovician-early Silurian chitinozoans from the eastern Alborz Mountain Range,Kopet-Dagh region,northeastern Iran:biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography.Rev.Palaeob.Palynol.,145:173~192.
Grahn Y.1985.Llandoverian and early Wenlockian Chitinozoa from southern Ohio and northern Kentucky,U.S.A.Palynology,9:147~164.
Hsieh C Y,Chao Y T.1925.A Study of the Silurian section at Lo Jo Ping,IChang District,W.Hupeh.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,4:39~44.
Lee J S,Chao Y T.1924.Geology of the Gorge District of the Yangtze(from Ichang to Tzekuei),with special reference to the development of the Gorges.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,3:351~391.
Loydell D K,Mannil P and Nestor V.2003.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41 core,Latvia.Geol.Mag.,140:205~229.
Loydell D K,Nestor V and Mannik P.2010.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core,Latvia.Geol.Mag.,147:253~280.
Nestor V.1980.Middle Llandoverian chitinozoans from Estonia.Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised,29:136~142(in Russian with English translation).
Nestor V.1990.Silurian chitinozoans.In:Kaljo D,Nestor H,(eds.Field Meeting,Estonia.An Excursion Guidebook.Tallinn:Estonian Academy of Sciences,:80~83.
Nestor V.2009.Chitinozoan diversity in the East Baltic Silurian.Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences,58:311~316.
Ni Yunan.1978.Lower Silurian graptolites from Yichang,Western Hubei.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,17(4):387~416(in Chinese with English abstract).
Paris F,Verniers J,A1-Hajri S,et al.1995.Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic affinities of Early Silurian chitinozoans from central Saudi Arabia.Rev.Palaeob.Palynol,89:75~90.
Paris F,Miller M A,Al-Hajri S.2015.Early Silurian chitinozoans from the Qusaiba type area,North Central Saudi Arabia.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,212:127~186.
Ran Bo,Liu Shugen,Jansa L,et al.2016.Reservoir Characteristics and Preservation Conditions of Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Block,South China.Acta Geological Sinica(English edition),90(6):2182~2205.Rong J Y,Chen X.2000.Comments on Silurian Chronostratigraphy of China.Journal of Stratigraphy,24(1):27~35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rong Jiayu,Chen Xu.2003.Silurian biostratigraphy of China.In Zhang W T,Chen P J and Palmor A R eds.Biostratigraphy of China,Beijing:Science Press,173~236.
Rong Jiayu,Fang Zhongjie,eds.2004a.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University of Scince and Technology of China Press,1~1087(in Chinese with English abstracts).
Rong Jiayu,Zhan Renbing.2014b.Survial and recovery of brachiopods in Early Silurian of Soth China.In Rong J Y,Fang Z J eds.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University of Scince and Technology of China Press,1041.
Sanxia Stratigraphic Division of Geological Bureau of Hubei Province.eds.1978.Stratgraphy and Paeontology from Sinian to Permian in Sanxia Area.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~381(in Chinese).
Song Fang,Niu zhijun,He Yaoyan,et al.2016.U-Pb age of detrital zircon and its restriction of provenance&paleogeographic characteristics of Early Nanhua Period in Middle Yangtze.Acta Geological Sinica,90(10):2661~2680(In Chinese with English abstract).
Song Xu,Wang Shibo,Cao Taotao,et al.2013.The methane adsorption features of Cambrian shale in the Yangtze Platform.Acta geological Sinica,87(7):1041~1048.
Soufiane A,Achab A.2000.Chitinozoan zonation of the Late Ordovician and the Early Silurian of the island of Anticosti,Québec,Canada.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,109:85~111.
Verniers J,Nestor V,Paris F,et al.1995.A global chitinozoa biozonation for the Silurian.Geol.Mag.,132(6):651~666.
Wang Chuanshang,Wang Xiaofeng,Chen Xiaohong.2013.Taxonomy,Zonation and Correlation of the Graptolite fauna across the Lower/Middle Ordovician boundary interval in the Yangtze Gorges area,South China.Acta Geological Snica(English edition),87(1):32~47.
Wang Xiaofeng,Ni Shizhao,Zeng Qingluan,et al.1987.Biostratigrahy of the Yangtze Gorges area(2)Early Paleozoic Era.Beijing:Geological Pubulishing House,1~641(in Chinese with English summary).
Wang Xiaofeng,Zeng Qingluan,Zhou Tianmei,et al.1983.Latest Ordovician and Earliest Silurian faunas from the eastern Yangtze Gorges,China with comments on Ordovician-Silurian Boudary.Bulletin of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,6:95~163.
Wei Yunxu,Zhao Xiaoming,Yang Jinxiang,et al.2015.The discovery of orbicular granodiorite and its petrographic characteristics in Huangling,Hubei.Geological Bulletin of China,34(8):1541~1549.
Zhou Zhiyi,Yuan Wenwei,Han Nairen,et al.2004.Trilobite faunas across the Late Ordovician mass extinction event in the Yangtze block.In:Rong J Y,Fang Z J,eds.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University
of Scince and Technology of China Press,127~152.
陈孝红,王传尚,张淼.2009.华南地区奥陶纪几丁虫.北京:地质出版社,1~261.
耿良玉,蔡习尧.1988.扬子区志留纪兰多维列统胞石序列.古生物学报,27(2):249~255.
倪寓南.1978.湖北宜昌早志留世笔石.古生物学报,17(4):387~416.
宋芳,牛志军,何垚砚.2016.中扬子地区南华纪早期碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其对物源特征和古地理格局的约束.地质学报,90(10):2661~2680.
宋叙,王思波,曹涛涛.2013.扬子地台寒武系泥岩甲烷吸附特征.地质学报,87(9):2041~2048.
戎嘉余,陈旭.2000.中国志留纪年代地层学述评.地层学杂志,24(1):27~35.
戎嘉余,方宗杰(主编).2004a.生物大绝灭:来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,1~1087.
戎嘉余,詹仁斌.2004b.华南早志留世早期腕足动物的残存与复苏.见:戎嘉余,方宗杰,主编.生物大绝灭---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,97~126.
汪啸风,倪士钊,曾庆銮.1987.长江三峡地区生物地层学(2),早古生代分册.北京:地质出版社,1~641.
汪啸风,曾庆銮,周天梅.1983.长江三峡东部地区奥陶纪晚期与志留纪初期的化石群并兼论奥陶系与志留系界线问题。中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所所刊,6:95~163.
魏运许,赵小明,杨金香.2015.湖北黄陵球状花岗闪长岩的发现及其岩相学特征.地质通报,34(8):1541~1549.
周志毅,袁文伟,韩乃仁.2004.扬子陆块奥陶纪末期-志留纪早期三叶虫绝灭和复苏.见:戎嘉余,方宗杰,主编.生物大绝灭---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,127~152.
湖北省地质局三峡地层组编.1978.峡东地区震旦纪至二叠纪地层古生物.北京:地质出版社,1~381.
Butcher A.2009.Early Llandovery chitinozoans from Jordan.Palaeontology,52:593~629.
Butcher A.2013.Chitinozoans from the middle Rhuddanian(lower Landovery,Silurian)‘hot’”shale in the E1-NC174 core,Murzuq Basin,SW Libya.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,198:62~91.
Chen Xiaohong,Zhang Miao,Wang Chuangshang.2009.Ordovician Chitinozoan from South China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~261.
Cramer F H.1967.Chitinozoans of a composite section of Upper Llandoverian to basal Lower Gedinnian sediments in northern León,Spain.Bull.Soc.Belge Géol.,75:69~129.
Geng Liangyu,Cai Xiyao.1988.Sequence of Llandovery chitinozoans in Yangtze region.Acta Paleontological Sinica,27(2):249~253.
Geng Liangyu,Qian Zhenshu,Ding Liansheng,et al.1997.Silurian chitinozoans from the Yangtze Region.Palaeoword(S.I.),Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,1~152.
Ghavidel-syooki M,Vecoli M.2007.Latest Ordovician-early Silurian chitinozoans from the eastern Alborz Mountain Range,Kopet-Dagh region,northeastern Iran:biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography.Rev.Palaeob.Palynol.,145:173~192.
Grahn Y.1985.Llandoverian and early Wenlockian Chitinozoa from southern Ohio and northern Kentucky,U.S.A.Palynology,9:147~164.
Hsieh C Y,Chao Y T.1925.A Study of the Silurian section at Lo Jo Ping,IChang District,W.Hupeh.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,4:39~44.
Lee J S,Chao Y T.1924.Geology of the Gorge District of the Yangtze(from Ichang to Tzekuei),with special reference to the development of the Gorges.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,3:351~391.
Loydell D K,Mannil P and Nestor V.2003.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41 core,Latvia.Geol.Mag.,140:205~229.
Loydell D K,Nestor V and Mannik P.2010.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core,Latvia.Geol.Mag.,147:253~280.
Nestor V.1980.Middle Llandoverian chitinozoans from Estonia.Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised,29:136~142(in Russian with English translation).
Nestor V.1990.Silurian chitinozoans.In:Kaljo D,Nestor H,(eds.Field Meeting,Estonia.An Excursion Guidebook.Tallinn:Estonian Academy of Sciences,:80~83.
Nestor V.2009.Chitinozoan diversity in the East Baltic Silurian.Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences,58:311~316.
Ni Yunan.1978.Lower Silurian graptolites from Yichang,Western Hubei.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,17(4):387~416(in Chinese with English abstract).
Paris F,Verniers J,A1-Hajri S,et al.1995.Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic affinities of Early Silurian chitinozoans from central Saudi Arabia.Rev.Palaeob.Palynol,89:75~90.
Paris F,Miller M A,Al-Hajri S.2015.Early Silurian chitinozoans from the Qusaiba type area,North Central Saudi Arabia.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,212:127~186.
Ran Bo,Liu Shugen,Jansa L,et al.2016.Reservoir Characteristics and Preservation Conditions of Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Block,South China.Acta Geological Sinica(English edition),90(6):2182~2205.Rong J Y,Chen X.2000.Comments on Silurian Chronostratigraphy of China.Journal of Stratigraphy,24(1):27~35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rong Jiayu,Chen Xu.2003.Silurian biostratigraphy of China.In Zhang W T,Chen P J and Palmor A R eds.Biostratigraphy of China,Beijing:Science Press,173~236.
Rong Jiayu,Fang Zhongjie,eds.2004a.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University of Scince and Technology of China Press,1~1087(in Chinese with English abstracts).
Rong Jiayu,Zhan Renbing.2014b.Survial and recovery of brachiopods in Early Silurian of Soth China.In Rong J Y,Fang Z J eds.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University of Scince and Technology of China Press,1041.
Sanxia Stratigraphic Division of Geological Bureau of Hubei Province.eds.1978.Stratgraphy and Paeontology from Sinian to Permian in Sanxia Area.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~381(in Chinese).
Song Fang,Niu zhijun,He Yaoyan,et al.2016.U-Pb age of detrital zircon and its restriction of provenance&paleogeographic characteristics of Early Nanhua Period in Middle Yangtze.Acta Geological Sinica,90(10):2661~2680(In Chinese with English abstract).
Song Xu,Wang Shibo,Cao Taotao,et al.2013.The methane adsorption features of Cambrian shale in the Yangtze Platform.Acta geological Sinica,87(7):1041~1048.
Soufiane A,Achab A.2000.Chitinozoan zonation of the Late Ordovician and the Early Silurian of the island of Anticosti,Québec,Canada.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.,109:85~111.
Verniers J,Nestor V,Paris F,et al.1995.A global chitinozoa biozonation for the Silurian.Geol.Mag.,132(6):651~666.
Wang Chuanshang,Wang Xiaofeng,Chen Xiaohong.2013.Taxonomy,Zonation and Correlation of the Graptolite fauna across the Lower/Middle Ordovician boundary interval in the Yangtze Gorges area,South China.Acta Geological Snica(English edition),87(1):32~47.
Wang Xiaofeng,Ni Shizhao,Zeng Qingluan,et al.1987.Biostratigrahy of the Yangtze Gorges area(2)Early Paleozoic Era.Beijing:Geological Pubulishing House,1~641(in Chinese with English summary).
Wang Xiaofeng,Zeng Qingluan,Zhou Tianmei,et al.1983.Latest Ordovician and Earliest Silurian faunas from the eastern Yangtze Gorges,China with comments on Ordovician-Silurian Boudary.Bulletin of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,6:95~163.
Wei Yunxu,Zhao Xiaoming,Yang Jinxiang,et al.2015.The discovery of orbicular granodiorite and its petrographic characteristics in Huangling,Hubei.Geological Bulletin of China,34(8):1541~1549.
Zhou Zhiyi,Yuan Wenwei,Han Nairen,et al.2004.Trilobite faunas across the Late Ordovician mass extinction event in the Yangtze block.In:Rong J Y,Fang Z J,eds.Mass extinction and recovery:eviendence from the palaeozoic and Triassi of South China.University
of Scince and Technology of China Press,127~152.
陈孝红,王传尚,张淼.2009.华南地区奥陶纪几丁虫.北京:地质出版社,1~261.
耿良玉,蔡习尧.1988.扬子区志留纪兰多维列统胞石序列.古生物学报,27(2):249~255.
倪寓南.1978.湖北宜昌早志留世笔石.古生物学报,17(4):387~416.
宋芳,牛志军,何垚砚.2016.中扬子地区南华纪早期碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其对物源特征和古地理格局的约束.地质学报,90(10):2661~2680.
宋叙,王思波,曹涛涛.2013.扬子地台寒武系泥岩甲烷吸附特征.地质学报,87(9):2041~2048.
戎嘉余,陈旭.2000.中国志留纪年代地层学述评.地层学杂志,24(1):27~35.
戎嘉余,方宗杰(主编).2004a.生物大绝灭:来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,1~1087.
戎嘉余,詹仁斌.2004b.华南早志留世早期腕足动物的残存与复苏.见:戎嘉余,方宗杰,主编.生物大绝灭---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,97~126.
汪啸风,倪士钊,曾庆銮.1987.长江三峡地区生物地层学(2),早古生代分册.北京:地质出版社,1~641.
汪啸风,曾庆銮,周天梅.1983.长江三峡东部地区奥陶纪晚期与志留纪初期的化石群并兼论奥陶系与志留系界线问题。中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所所刊,6:95~163.
魏运许,赵小明,杨金香.2015.湖北黄陵球状花岗闪长岩的发现及其岩相学特征.地质通报,34(8):1541~1549.
周志毅,袁文伟,韩乃仁.2004.扬子陆块奥陶纪末期-志留纪早期三叶虫绝灭和复苏.见:戎嘉余,方宗杰,主编.生物大绝灭---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据.合肥:中国科学技术出版社,127~152.
湖北省地质局三峡地层组编.1978.峡东地区震旦纪至二叠纪地层古生物.北京:地质出版社,1~381.