湖南奥陶纪沉积演化特征
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摘要
根据湖南地区奥陶纪沉积地层的野外考察和室内分析,并总结吸收前人对该区的研究成果,将湖南奥陶纪的构造沉积演化划分成了早奥陶世镶边型碳酸盐台地-陆棚-深水盆地、中奥陶世碳酸盐缓坡-陆棚-深水盆地、晚奥陶世早期碳酸盐缓坡-陆棚-深水盆地-陆棚边缘、晚奥陶世晚期局限浅海-深水盆地-陆棚边缘4个沉积阶段。处于扬子克拉通内的湘西北地区经历了镶边型台地-碳酸盐缓坡-局限浅海的演化阶段,沉积岩性也由碳酸盐岩逐渐被黑色泥页岩沉积所替代。位于克拉通边缘及华夏陆块之上的湘中、湘南地区则始终处于碎屑浅海沉积环境,盆地中心由南东向北西不断迁移。
Based on field survey, laboratory analysis of sedimentary strata and summarization of previous research results in Hunan Province, the authors divided the Ordovician tectonic and sedimentary evolution into four stages, i.e., rimmed carbonate platform-shelf-deep water basin in the Early Ordovician, carbonate ramp-shelfdeep basin in the Middle Ordovician, carbonate ramp-shelf-deep water basin-shelf margin at the early age of Late Ordovician, and confined shallow marine-deep water basin-shelf margin in the late period of the Late Ordovician. The northwestern Hunan in Yangtze craton experienced the evolution from the rimmed carbonate platform to carbonate ramp, and finally became a confined shallow sea, with the black shale gradually replacing carbonates in lithology. The central and southern Hunan located at the edge of the craton and the Cathaysia Block was always in a clastic shallow marine environment, and the center of the basin migrated constantly from southeast to northwest.
Based on field survey, laboratory analysis of sedimentary strata and summarization of previous research results in Hunan Province, the authors divided the Ordovician tectonic and sedimentary evolution into four stages, i.e., rimmed carbonate platform-shelf-deep water basin in the Early Ordovician, carbonate ramp-shelfdeep basin in the Middle Ordovician, carbonate ramp-shelf-deep water basin-shelf margin at the early age of Late Ordovician, and confined shallow marine-deep water basin-shelf margin in the late period of the Late Ordovician. The northwestern Hunan in Yangtze craton experienced the evolution from the rimmed carbonate platform to carbonate ramp, and finally became a confined shallow sea, with the black shale gradually replacing carbonates in lithology. The central and southern Hunan located at the edge of the craton and the Cathaysia Block was always in a clastic shallow marine environment, and the center of the basin migrated constantly from southeast to northwest.
引文
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[6]庞维华,丁孝忠,高林志,等.湖南下寒武统层序地层特征与古环境演化变迁[J].中国地质,2011,38(3):560-576.Pang Weihua,Ding Xiaozhong,Gao Linzhi,et al.Characteristics of Sequence Stratigraphy and Plaeoenvironmental Evolution of Lower Cambrian strata in Hunan Province[J].Geology in China,2011,38(3):560-576(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[12]陈旭,戎嘉余,樊隽轩,等.扬子区奥陶纪末赫南特亚阶的生物地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(3):169-175.Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Fan Juanxuan,et al.Biostratigraphy of the Hirnantian substage in the Yangtze region[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(3):169-175(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]陈旭,戎嘉余,樊隽轩,等.奥陶-志留系界线地层生物带的全球对比[J].古生物学报,2000,39(1):100-114.Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Fan Juanxuan,et al.A global correlation of Biozones across the Ordovician-Silurian Boundary[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2000,39(1):100-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]陈旭,戎嘉余,樊隽轩,等.奥陶系上统赫南特阶全球层型剖面和点位的建立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(4):289-304.Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Fan Juanxuan,et al.A final report on the global stratotype section and point(GSSP)for the Hirnantian stage(Upper Ordovician)[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2006,30(4):289-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]周名魁,王汝植,李志明,等.中国南方奥陶-志留纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:1-96.Zhou Mingkui,Wang Ruzhi,Li Zhiming,et al.lithofacies and paleogeography of south China[M].Beijing:Geological Pulishing House,1993:1-96(in Chinese).
[16]余谦,牟传龙,张海全,等.上扬子北缘震旦纪-早古生代沉积演化与储层分布特征[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):672-680.Yu Qian,Mou Chuanlong,Zhang Haiquan,et al.Sedimentary evolution and reservoir distribution of northern Upper Yangtze plate in Sinian-Early Paleozoic[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):672-680(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]杨威,朱忠德,胡明毅,等.湘西北地区早奥陶世生物礁岩成岩作用及储集性[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(3-4):61-65.Yang Wei,Zhu Zhongde,Hu Mingyi,et al.Diagenesis and reservoir property of early Ordovician reefs in the northwestern Hunan[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,5(3/4):61-65(in Chinese).
[18]李志明,陈建强,龚淑云,等.湘西北奥陶纪碳酸盐台缘的变迁与海平面升降[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1997,22(5):479-483.Li Zhiming,Chen Jianqiang,Gong Shuyun,et al.Migration of carbonate platform margin and sea level changes of Ordovician in the northwestern Hunan,China[J].Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences,1997,22(5):479-483(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]江茂生.湘黔地区中奥陶世海平面上升的沉积响应[J].地质科学,1998,33(1):93-101.Jiang Maosheng.Sedimentary response to sea level rise during middle Ordovician in the Guizhou and Hunan Regions[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1998,33(1):93-101(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]黄福喜,陈洪德,侯明才,等.中上扬子克拉通加里东期(寒武-志留纪)沉积层序充填过程与演化模式[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2299-2317.Huang Fuxi,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al.Filling process and evolutionary model of sedimentary sequence of Middle-Upper Yangtze craton in Caledonian(Cambrian-Silurian)[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2299-2317(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]郑宁,宋天锐,李廷栋,等.华南造山带下寒武统和中奥陶统发现放射虫[J].中国地质,2012,39(1):260-265.Zheng Ning,Song Tianrui,Li Tingdong,et al.The discovery of the Lower Cambrian and Middle Ordovician Radiolaria in the South China orogenic belt[J].Geology in China,2012,39(1):260-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
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