3种西藏土著鱼类幼鱼水温耐受性的初步研究
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摘要
本试验旨在探索3种西藏土著鱼类幼鱼水温耐受性。试验鱼初始饲养水温为12℃。选用拉萨裸裂尻鱼(3月龄)、异齿裂腹鱼(2月龄)、双须叶须鱼(3月龄)各90尾,各分为3个试验组,每个试验组设3个平行,每个平行10尾鱼。其中,2个试验组为升温、降温试验,1组为对照。通过每1h上升或者下降1℃,适应3h,观察并记录每个温度下试验鱼的死亡率、摄食情况、活动情况及鳃呼吸频率等。试验结果表明,拉萨裸裂尻鱼幼鱼、异齿裂腹鱼幼鱼和双须叶须鱼幼鱼摄食水温分别为8～27℃、8～25℃和7～26℃;温度过高,3种试验鱼均表现出侧游,呼吸急促,反应急躁;温度过低,试验鱼不摄食,不活动,呼吸微弱。极限最高温度分别为32.3、32.4℃和30.2℃,极限最低温度分别为0、0.4℃和0℃。温度耐受幅分别为32.3、32℃和30.2℃。因此,这3种西藏土著鱼类温度耐受幅较广,以温度为指标,可选择较多区域进行养殖。
The mortality,food intake,activity and respiratory frequency were observed in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi(3month old),Schizothorax oconnori(2month old)and Ptychobarbus dipogon(3month old)in a constant temperature incubator at warming and cooling water temperature by increasing or decreasing 1℃ per hour with 3hour acclimatization from 12℃(as control group)with triplication to investigate the water temperature tolerance of the three species native fishes in Tibet.The results showed that the normal feeding was observed at water temperature of 8—27℃in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,8—25 ℃in S.oconnori and 7—26 ℃in P.dipogon.The three fish species showed lateral swimming,breath shortness and impatience of reaction at over high temperature,and stopped feeding and moving and weakened breath at very low temperature,with the upper and lower limit temperature of 32.3℃and 0℃in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,32.4℃and 0.4℃in S.oconnori and 30.2℃and 0℃in P.dipogon.The temperature tolerance amplitude was ranged within 32.3 ℃ in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,32℃in S.oconnori and P.dipogonin 30.2℃,indicating that the three indigenous fish species have wide temperature tolerance,and is suitable for breeding in large area.
The mortality,food intake,activity and respiratory frequency were observed in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi(3month old),Schizothorax oconnori(2month old)and Ptychobarbus dipogon(3month old)in a constant temperature incubator at warming and cooling water temperature by increasing or decreasing 1℃ per hour with 3hour acclimatization from 12℃(as control group)with triplication to investigate the water temperature tolerance of the three species native fishes in Tibet.The results showed that the normal feeding was observed at water temperature of 8—27℃in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,8—25 ℃in S.oconnori and 7—26 ℃in P.dipogon.The three fish species showed lateral swimming,breath shortness and impatience of reaction at over high temperature,and stopped feeding and moving and weakened breath at very low temperature,with the upper and lower limit temperature of 32.3℃and 0℃in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,32.4℃and 0.4℃in S.oconnori and 30.2℃and 0℃in P.dipogon.The temperature tolerance amplitude was ranged within 32.3 ℃ in S.younghusbandi younghusbandi,32℃in S.oconnori and P.dipogonin 30.2℃,indicating that the three indigenous fish species have wide temperature tolerance,and is suitable for breeding in large area.
引文
[1]杨汉运,黄道明,谢山,等.雅鲁藏布江中游渔业资源现状研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,31(6):120-126.
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[3]陈锋,陈毅峰,何德奎.拉萨裸裂尻鱼的年轮特征及年龄鉴定[G]//中国动物学会.中国海洋湖沼动物学会鱼类学分会第七届会员代表大会暨朱元鼎教授诞辰110周年庆学术研讨会学术论文摘要集,青岛:中国动物学会,2006.
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[5]王万良,张忭忭,王建银,等.双须叶须鱼人工繁殖研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017(24):105-107.
[6]张良松.异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(5):88-91.
[7]段友健.拉萨裸裂尻鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
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[9]于晓明,崔闻达,陈雷,等.水温、盐度和溶氧对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼游泳能力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):543-549.
[10]王妤,宋志明,刘鉴毅,等.点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(3):253-258.
[11]陈生熬,王智超,宋勇,等.塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅热耐受性的初步研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):22-26.
[12]方琦,周仁杰,钟指挥.白氏文昌鱼幼鱼对海水温度和盐度变化的耐受力研究[J].水产科技情报,2010,37(6):274-278.
[13]Baker S C,Heidinger R C.Upper lethal temperature of fingerling black crappie[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1996,48(6):1123-1129.
[14]川本信之.鱼类生理[M].东京:恒星社厚生阁,1997:294-300.
[15]黄良敏,谢仰杰,吴漳德,等.条纹斑竹鲨对温度和盐度的耐受试验[J].集美大学学报,2005,10(1):12-17.
[16]金方彭,李光华,高海涛,等.光唇裂腹鱼幼鱼对温度、盐度、pH的耐受性试验[J].水产科技情报,2016,43(6):303-307.
[17]Currie R J,Bennett W A,Beitinger T L,et al.Critical thermal minima and maxima of three freshwater gamefish species acclimated to constant temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1998,51(2):187-200
[18]吴青,蔡礼明,陆建平,等.齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对水温和溶解氧的耐受力研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报,2001,15(3):20-22.
[19]柴学军,徐君卓.日本黄姑鱼Nibea japonica(Temminck et Schlegel)的耐温性研究[J].现代渔业信息,2007,22(2):22-23.
[20]汪锡钧,吴定安.几种主要淡水鱼类温度基准值的研究[J].水产学报,1994,18(2):93-100.
[21]Chatterjee N,Pal A K,Manush S M,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio early fingerlings acclimated to three different temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(6):265-270.
[22]刘春胜,陈四清,孙建明,等.狼鳗幼鱼对温度和盐度耐受性的试验研究[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(2):1-5.
[23]宋郁,苏冒亮,刘南希,等.金钱鱼幼鱼低温耐受能力和饵料营养需求的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(5):715-719.
[24]陈全震,曾江宁,高爱根,等.鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展[J].水产学报,2004,28(5):562-567.
[25]李红敬,张娜,林小涛.西藏雅鲁藏布江水质时空特征分析[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):126-130.
[2]贺舟挺.西藏拉萨河异齿裂腹鱼年龄与生长的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.
[3]陈锋,陈毅峰,何德奎.拉萨裸裂尻鱼的年轮特征及年龄鉴定[G]//中国动物学会.中国海洋湖沼动物学会鱼类学分会第七届会员代表大会暨朱元鼎教授诞辰110周年庆学术研讨会学术论文摘要集,青岛:中国动物学会,2006.
[4]杨鑫,霍斌,段友健,等.西藏雅鲁藏布江双须叶须鱼的年龄结构与生长特征[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1085-1094.
[5]王万良,张忭忭,王建银,等.双须叶须鱼人工繁殖研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017(24):105-107.
[6]张良松.异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(5):88-91.
[7]段友健.拉萨裸裂尻鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[8]马宝珊.异齿裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[9]于晓明,崔闻达,陈雷,等.水温、盐度和溶氧对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼游泳能力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):543-549.
[10]王妤,宋志明,刘鉴毅,等.点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(3):253-258.
[11]陈生熬,王智超,宋勇,等.塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅热耐受性的初步研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):22-26.
[12]方琦,周仁杰,钟指挥.白氏文昌鱼幼鱼对海水温度和盐度变化的耐受力研究[J].水产科技情报,2010,37(6):274-278.
[13]Baker S C,Heidinger R C.Upper lethal temperature of fingerling black crappie[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1996,48(6):1123-1129.
[14]川本信之.鱼类生理[M].东京:恒星社厚生阁,1997:294-300.
[15]黄良敏,谢仰杰,吴漳德,等.条纹斑竹鲨对温度和盐度的耐受试验[J].集美大学学报,2005,10(1):12-17.
[16]金方彭,李光华,高海涛,等.光唇裂腹鱼幼鱼对温度、盐度、pH的耐受性试验[J].水产科技情报,2016,43(6):303-307.
[17]Currie R J,Bennett W A,Beitinger T L,et al.Critical thermal minima and maxima of three freshwater gamefish species acclimated to constant temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1998,51(2):187-200
[18]吴青,蔡礼明,陆建平,等.齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对水温和溶解氧的耐受力研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报,2001,15(3):20-22.
[19]柴学军,徐君卓.日本黄姑鱼Nibea japonica(Temminck et Schlegel)的耐温性研究[J].现代渔业信息,2007,22(2):22-23.
[20]汪锡钧,吴定安.几种主要淡水鱼类温度基准值的研究[J].水产学报,1994,18(2):93-100.
[21]Chatterjee N,Pal A K,Manush S M,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio early fingerlings acclimated to three different temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(6):265-270.
[22]刘春胜,陈四清,孙建明,等.狼鳗幼鱼对温度和盐度耐受性的试验研究[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(2):1-5.
[23]宋郁,苏冒亮,刘南希,等.金钱鱼幼鱼低温耐受能力和饵料营养需求的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(5):715-719.
[24]陈全震,曾江宁,高爱根,等.鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展[J].水产学报,2004,28(5):562-567.
[25]李红敬,张娜,林小涛.西藏雅鲁藏布江水质时空特征分析[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):126-130.
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