黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质及血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、肌肉氨基酸组成及血清生化指标的影响。选用初始体质量约2.00 g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼720尾,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾。6组试验鱼分别投喂用黑水虻幼虫粉(由采食花生麸的8日龄黑水虻幼虫制成)替代基础饲料(基础饲料中鱼粉含量为30%)中0(对照)、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%鱼粉的6种等氮等脂饲料,分别记为G0、G10、G20、G30、G40、G50组。试验期为8周。结果表明:黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼存活率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。G10、G20、G30组的终末体质量和特定生长率与G0组差异不显著(P>0.05);当替代比例超过30%时,与G0组相比,黄颡鱼幼鱼的终末体质量和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),脂肪沉积率显著升高(P<0.05)。各组间饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率差异不显著(P>0.05)。黄颡鱼幼鱼全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分含量以及肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分含量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但G50组肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著高于G0组(P<0.05)。G30组肌肉中精氨酸和缬氨酸含量显著高于G0组(P<0.05)。黑水虻幼虫粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸)的含量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。G30组血清中谷草转氨酶活性、尿素和甘油三酯含量与G0组相比有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),谷丙转氨酶活性则较G0组显著降低(P<0.05)。由此得出,对于鱼粉含量为30%的黄颡鱼幼鱼基础饲料(干物质基础下,粗蛋白质含量为44.55%、粗脂肪含量为7.94%),黑水虻幼虫粉(由采食花生麸的8日龄黑水虻幼虫制成)替代鱼粉用量的30%(占饲料蛋白质的12.78%)后能够降低血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性、尿素和甘油三酯含量,且不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和肌肉呈味氨基酸组成。
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with black soldier fly( Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth performance,body composition,amino acid composition in muscle and serum biochemical indices of juvenile yellowcatfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Six isonitrogenous( crude protein content was 44.55%) and isolipidic( crude lipid content was 7.94%) experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0( G0 group,as a control group),10%( G10 group),20%( G20 group),30%( G30 group),40%( G40 group) and 50%( G50 group) of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal( made by eight instar larva black soldier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) based on a basal diet( fish meal content was 30%). A total of 720 juvenile yellowcatfish with an initial body weight of 2.00 g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the survival rate was not significantly affected by different replacement ratios of fish meal by black soldier fly larvae meal( P>0.05). Compared with the G0 group,the final body weight and specific growth rate were significantly decreased( P<0.05) and the lipid deposition rate was significantly increased( P<0.05) in G40 and G50 groups,but no significant differences were found in G10,G20 and G30 groups( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in protein deposition rate,protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio among all groups( P>0.05). The contents of moisture,crude protein,crude lipid and ash in whole body and moisture,crude lipid and ash in muscle were not significantly different among all groups( P>0.05),but the muscle crude protein content in G50 group was significantly higher than that in G0 group( P<0.05). The muscle arginine and valine contents in G30 group were significantly higher than those in G0 group( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of four flavor amino acids( glutamate,glycine,alanine and aspartate) in muscle among all groups( P>0.05). Compared with G0 group,the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase( GPT) activity in G30 was significantly decreased( P<0.05). And the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transminease( GOT) activity,uric acid( UA) and triglyceride( TG) contents in G30 group were lower than those in G0 group,but the differences were not significant( P>0.05). In conclusion,this study shows that 30% of fish meal can be replaced by black soldier fly larvae meal( made with eight instar larva black soldier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) base on the basal diet with 30% fish meal( 44.55% crude protein and7.94% crude lipid in dry matter basis condition),and thus account of 12.78% of diet protein,which can decrease the GPT and GOT activities,UA and TG contents in serum,but without significant effects on growth performance and flavor amino acid composition in muscle of juvenile yellowcatfish.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2788-2799]
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with black soldier fly( Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth performance,body composition,amino acid composition in muscle and serum biochemical indices of juvenile yellowcatfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Six isonitrogenous( crude protein content was 44.55%) and isolipidic( crude lipid content was 7.94%) experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0( G0 group,as a control group),10%( G10 group),20%( G20 group),30%( G30 group),40%( G40 group) and 50%( G50 group) of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal( made by eight instar larva black soldier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) based on a basal diet( fish meal content was 30%). A total of 720 juvenile yellowcatfish with an initial body weight of 2.00 g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the survival rate was not significantly affected by different replacement ratios of fish meal by black soldier fly larvae meal( P>0.05). Compared with the G0 group,the final body weight and specific growth rate were significantly decreased( P<0.05) and the lipid deposition rate was significantly increased( P<0.05) in G40 and G50 groups,but no significant differences were found in G10,G20 and G30 groups( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in protein deposition rate,protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio among all groups( P>0.05). The contents of moisture,crude protein,crude lipid and ash in whole body and moisture,crude lipid and ash in muscle were not significantly different among all groups( P>0.05),but the muscle crude protein content in G50 group was significantly higher than that in G0 group( P<0.05). The muscle arginine and valine contents in G30 group were significantly higher than those in G0 group( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of four flavor amino acids( glutamate,glycine,alanine and aspartate) in muscle among all groups( P>0.05). Compared with G0 group,the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase( GPT) activity in G30 was significantly decreased( P<0.05). And the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transminease( GOT) activity,uric acid( UA) and triglyceride( TG) contents in G30 group were lower than those in G0 group,but the differences were not significant( P>0.05). In conclusion,this study shows that 30% of fish meal can be replaced by black soldier fly larvae meal( made with eight instar larva black soldier fly larvae that fed with peanut bran) base on the basal diet with 30% fish meal( 44.55% crude protein and7.94% crude lipid in dry matter basis condition),and thus account of 12.78% of diet protein,which can decrease the GPT and GOT activities,UA and TG contents in serum,but without significant effects on growth performance and flavor amino acid composition in muscle of juvenile yellowcatfish.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2788-2799]
引文
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[2]胡俊茹,王国霞,莫文艳,等.黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对鲈鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血浆生化指标和组织结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(2):613-623.
[3]刘世胜.黑水虻幼虫替代鱼粉在鲤鱼饲料中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[4]刘兴,孙学亮,李连星,等.黑水虻替代鱼粉对锦鲤生长和健康状况的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4):422-427.
[5]MAGALHES R,SNCHEZ-LPEZ A,LEAL R S,et al.Black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquaculture,2017,476:79-85.
[6]ADENIYI,VICTORIA O,FOLORUNSHO,et al.Performance of Clarias gariepinus(Burchell,1822)fed dietary levels of black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(Linnaeus,1758)prepupae meal as a protein supplement[J].International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture,2015,5(3):89-93.
[7]RANA K M S,SALAM M A,HASHEM S,et al.Development of black soldier fly larvae production technique as an alternate fish feed[J].International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture,2015,5(1):41-47.
[8]CUMMINS V C,Jr,RAWLES S D,THOMPSON KR,et al.Evaluation of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific w hite shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Aquaculture,2017,473:337-344.
[9]杨英豪.大豆浓缩蛋白对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼摄食、生长、消化和蛋白质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[10]杨严鸥,张艳,潘宙,等.豆粕替代不同水平的鱼粉对黄颡鱼饲料利用、ATP酶活性和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料广角,2006(15):39-41.
[11]WU D,ZHOU L,GAO M,et al.Effects of stickwater hydrolysates on grow th performance for yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)[J].Aquaculture,2018,488:161-173.
[12]文远红,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(1):171-181.
[13]梅琳.蛹肽蛋白作为大菱鲆幼鱼饲料新型蛋白源的综合评估[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[14]HU J,WANG G,HUANG Y,et al.Effects of substitution of fish meal w ith black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larvae meal,in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)diets[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh,2017,69:1382-1390.
[15]胡俊茹,何飞,莫文艳,等.采食不同有机废弃物黑水虻幼虫饲料价值分析[J].中国饲料,2017(15):24-27.
[16]KROECKEL S,HARJES A G E,ROTH I,et al.When a turbot catches a fly:evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)as fish meal substitute-grow th perfor-mance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot(Psetta maxima)[J].Aquaculture,2012,364-365:345-352.
[17]曹俊明,严晶,黄燕华,等.家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):529-537.
[18]JI H,ZHANG J,HUANG J,et al.Effect of replacement of dietary fish meal w ith silkw orm pupae meal on grow th performance,body composition,intestinal protease activity and health status in juvenile Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(5):1209-1221.
[19]陈永生.发酵蚕蛹替代鱼粉在框鳞镜鲤幼鱼饲料中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[20]孙翰昌,徐敬明,庞敏.饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):84-88.
[21]易昌金,胡俊茹,胡毅,等.凡纳滨对虾对黑水虻幼虫粉营养物质的表观消化率[J].饲料工业,2018,39(4):21-26.
[22]叶元土,林仕梅,罗莉,等.饲料必需氨基酸的平衡效果对草鱼生长的影响[J].饲料工业,1999,20(3):39-41.
[23]PONGMANEERAT J,WATANABE T.Nutritive value of protein of feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio[J].Nippon-Suisan-Gakkai-shi,1991,57(3):503-510.
[24]刘飞.不同油脂、不同磷脂水平对黄颡鱼生长及其脂肪酸组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2004.
[25]ALEGBELEYE W O,OBASA S O,OLUDE O O,et al.Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper(Zonocerus variegatus L.)for African catfish Clarias gariepinus(Burchell.1822)fingerlings[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(3):412-420.
[26]吉红,李森林,徐歆歆.昆虫资源在水产饲料中的应用研究进展[J].饲料工业,2016,37(22):1-9.
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