2018-01-23阿拉斯加海啸的数值模拟研究
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摘要
利用Okada模型计算2018-01-23 09:31(UTC)阿拉斯加湾7.9级地震引发的海啸的初始场信息,利用COMCOT模型模拟海啸传播。比较海啸首波振幅和到达时间模拟值与实测值显示,振幅差异在4 cm以内,时间差异在4 min以内。模拟结果与观测资料吻合,揭示阿拉斯加地震引发的海啸强度弱,同时反映海啸初始场参数的选择合理有效,海啸模拟计算结果真实可靠。
On January 23, 2018, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake occurred in the gulf of Alaska. The Okada model is used to calculate the initial tsunami field information, and the COMCOT model is used to simulate the tsunami propagation. The simulated amplitude and arrival time of the tsunami wave are compared with the measurements at the DARTs station. The amplitude difference is within 4 cm, and the time difference is within 4 minutes; furthermore, the simulation results agree with the measurements, which reveals that the intensity of the tsunami caused by the Alaska earthquake is weak and reflects that the selection of the parameters of the initial tsunami field is reasonable and effective. Also, the results of tsunami simulation are reliable.
On January 23, 2018, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake occurred in the gulf of Alaska. The Okada model is used to calculate the initial tsunami field information, and the COMCOT model is used to simulate the tsunami propagation. The simulated amplitude and arrival time of the tsunami wave are compared with the measurements at the DARTs station. The amplitude difference is within 4 cm, and the time difference is within 4 minutes; furthermore, the simulation results agree with the measurements, which reveals that the intensity of the tsunami caused by the Alaska earthquake is weak and reflects that the selection of the parameters of the initial tsunami field is reasonable and effective. Also, the results of tsunami simulation are reliable.
引文
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[11] 王培涛,赵联大,于福江,等.海啸灾害数值预报技术研究现状[J].海洋预报,2011,28(3):74-79(Wang Peitao,Zhao Lianda,Yu Fujiang,et al.Review of the Numerical Forecasting Technology on the Tsunami Hazards[J].Marine Forecasts,2011,28(3):74-79)
[12] Wang X M,Liu P L F.An Analysis of 2004 Sumatra Earthquake Fault Plane Mechanisms and Indian Ocean Tsunami[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering and Research,2006,44(2):147-154
[13] Okada Y.Surface Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Halfspace[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1985,75(4):1 135-1 154
[14] 景惠敏,张怀,吴忠良,等.利用海啸数值模拟结果进行海底地震有限断层模型验证[J].地震,2013,33(4):207-213(Jing Huimin,Zhang Huai,Wu Zhongliang,et al.Tsunami Constraints on Finite Fault Models:The March 11,2011 Tohoku Earthquake[J].Earthquake,2013,33(4):207-213)
[15] 任叶飞.基于数值模拟的我国地震海啸危险性分析研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008(Ren Yefei.Study on China Earthquake Tsunami Hazard Analysis Based on Numerical Simulation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2008)
[2] Gower J.The 26 December 2004 Tsunami Measured by Satellite Altimetry[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,28(13-14):2 897-2 913
[3] Sladen A,Hébert H.On the Use of Satellite Altimetry to Infer the Earthquake Rupture Characteristics:Application to the 2004 Sumatra Event[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,172(2):707-714
[4] Hamlington B D,Leben R R,Godin O A,et al.Detection of the 2010 Chilean Tsunami Using Satellite Altimetry[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2011,11(9):2 391-2 406
[5] Hamlington B D,Leben R R,Godin O A,et al.Could Satellite Altimetry Have Improved Early Detection and Warning of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami?[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(15)
[6] Chu Y C,Li J C.Extraction of Two Tsunamis Signals Generated by Earthquakes around the Pacific Rim[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2014,5(2):38-47
[7] Wang X.User Manual for Comcot Version 1.7(First Draft)[Z].Cornel University,2009
[8] Titov V V,Gonzalez F I.Implementation and Testing of the Method of Splitting Tsunami(MOST) Model[R].NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL,Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory,Seattle,1997
[9] Leveque R J,George D L.High-Resolution Finite Volume Methods for the Shallow Water Equations with Topography and Dry-States[C]//Liu P L F,Yeh H,Synolakis C.Advanced Numerical Models for Simulating Tsunami Waves and Runup[M].Singapore:World Scientific,2008
[10] 鲍献文,褚芹芹,于华明.海啸数值预报模型研究进展[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(3):1-6(Bao Xianwen,Chu Qinqin,Yu Huaming.The Main Advances of Study on Numerical Forecast Model of Tsunami[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(3):1-6)
[11] 王培涛,赵联大,于福江,等.海啸灾害数值预报技术研究现状[J].海洋预报,2011,28(3):74-79(Wang Peitao,Zhao Lianda,Yu Fujiang,et al.Review of the Numerical Forecasting Technology on the Tsunami Hazards[J].Marine Forecasts,2011,28(3):74-79)
[12] Wang X M,Liu P L F.An Analysis of 2004 Sumatra Earthquake Fault Plane Mechanisms and Indian Ocean Tsunami[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering and Research,2006,44(2):147-154
[13] Okada Y.Surface Deformation Due to Shear and Tensile Faults in a Halfspace[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1985,75(4):1 135-1 154
[14] 景惠敏,张怀,吴忠良,等.利用海啸数值模拟结果进行海底地震有限断层模型验证[J].地震,2013,33(4):207-213(Jing Huimin,Zhang Huai,Wu Zhongliang,et al.Tsunami Constraints on Finite Fault Models:The March 11,2011 Tohoku Earthquake[J].Earthquake,2013,33(4):207-213)
[15] 任叶飞.基于数值模拟的我国地震海啸危险性分析研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008(Ren Yefei.Study on China Earthquake Tsunami Hazard Analysis Based on Numerical Simulation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2008)