生物质炭对旱作土壤生物性状及养分有效性的调控效应
|
摘要
通过盆栽试验研究了生物质炭施用对贵州中部地区旱作土壤微生物群落数量、酶活性和土壤养分有效性的影响。结果表明:对不同类型旱作土施用5%～15%(炭/土质量比)的生物质炭后,黄泥土、黄砂土中真菌、放线菌、细菌数量和硝化细菌、氨化细菌数量以及磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均表现出明显的增加,特别是黄砂土;而大泥土中放线菌、真菌数量和硝化细菌数量以及磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性出现较明显的提高,但氨化细菌数量及脲酶活性出现大幅度降低。此外,黄泥土、黄砂土施生物质炭后有效N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B含量表现出不同程度的增加,但土壤有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量则出现不同程度的下降;而大泥土中有效P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的含量呈现不同程度的提高,但土壤有效N、Ca、Mg、Zn的含量出现不同程度的减少;其中这3类旱作土壤施炭后土壤有效Zn含量均表现出显著的下降。黄泥土、黄砂土及大泥土施用5%～15%的生物质炭后均能明显提高白菜及莴笋的产量,其中黄砂土施生物质炭的增产效果最好,其次是大泥土。不同类型旱作土壤施炭后土壤有效性养分数量变化存在较大的差别,施用生物质炭时要根据土壤特性配合使用一定比例的氮、磷、钾及适量的微量元素肥料,更有利于促进作物的生长。
The effects of biochar application on the microbial community, enzyme activity and soil nutrient availability in dryland soils of central Guizhou were studied through pot experiment. The results showed that after applying 5% ～ 15%(biochar/soil mass ratio) biochar to different types of dryland soils, the number of fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, ammoniated bacteria and the activity of phosphatase, catalase and urease in yellow soil and yellow sand soil increased obviously, especially in yellow sand soil. The number of actinomycetes, fungi and nitrifying bacteria in the lime soil, as well as the activity of phosphatase and catalase increased significantly, but the number of ammoniated bacteria and urease activity decreased significantly. In addition, the content of available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B in yellow soil and yellow sand soil increased in different degrees, but the content of available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn decreased in different degrees. The content of available P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and B in the lime soil increased in different degrees, but the available N, Ca, Mg and Zn in the lime soil decreased in different degrees. The content of available Zn in these three dryland soils all decreased obviously after applying biochar. The application of 5% ～ 15% biochar in yellow soil, yellow sand soil and lime soil could obviously increase the yield of cabbage and lettuce, of which the yellow sand soil applied with biochar was the best in increasing yield, followed by lime soil. There were significant differences in the changes of soil available nutrients among different types of dryland soils after applying biochar. When applying biochar, a certain proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and appropriate amount of trace element fertilizers should be used according to soil characteristics, which could promote the growth of crops.
The effects of biochar application on the microbial community, enzyme activity and soil nutrient availability in dryland soils of central Guizhou were studied through pot experiment. The results showed that after applying 5% ～ 15%(biochar/soil mass ratio) biochar to different types of dryland soils, the number of fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, ammoniated bacteria and the activity of phosphatase, catalase and urease in yellow soil and yellow sand soil increased obviously, especially in yellow sand soil. The number of actinomycetes, fungi and nitrifying bacteria in the lime soil, as well as the activity of phosphatase and catalase increased significantly, but the number of ammoniated bacteria and urease activity decreased significantly. In addition, the content of available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B in yellow soil and yellow sand soil increased in different degrees, but the content of available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn decreased in different degrees. The content of available P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and B in the lime soil increased in different degrees, but the available N, Ca, Mg and Zn in the lime soil decreased in different degrees. The content of available Zn in these three dryland soils all decreased obviously after applying biochar. The application of 5% ～ 15% biochar in yellow soil, yellow sand soil and lime soil could obviously increase the yield of cabbage and lettuce, of which the yellow sand soil applied with biochar was the best in increasing yield, followed by lime soil. There were significant differences in the changes of soil available nutrients among different types of dryland soils after applying biochar. When applying biochar, a certain proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and appropriate amount of trace element fertilizers should be used according to soil characteristics, which could promote the growth of crops.
引文
[1] 韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):272-278.
[2] 陶朋闯,陈效民,靳泽文,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮和碳氮比的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):231-235.
[3] 杨冬艳,王学梅,冯海萍,等.生物质碳对设施西芹根际微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):82-87.
[4] 许泽宏,程晓丹,周明罗,等.生物质炭对荠菜生长过程中根区土壤特性和微生物特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):104-109.
[5] 肖婧,王传杰,黄敏,等.生物质炭对设施大棚土壤性质与果蔬产量影响的整合分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):228-236.
[6] 张影,刘星,焦瑞锋,等.生物质炭与有机物料配施的土壤培肥效果及对玉米生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1287-1297.
[7] 潘洁,肖辉,程文娟,等.生物黑炭对设施土壤理化性质及蔬菜产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(31):174-178.
[8] 刘小宁,蔡立群,黄益宗,等.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):112-118.
[9] 王丹丹,郑纪勇,颜永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):101-104.
[10] 李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124.
[11] 张晓玲,陈效民,陶朋闯,等.施用生物质炭对旱地红壤有机碳矿化及碳库的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):192-197.
[12] 周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2075-2080.
[13] 牛亚茹,付祥峰,邱良祝,等.施用生物质炭对大棚土壤特性、黄瓜品质和根结线虫病的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(1):57-62.
[14] 王成己,陈庆荣,陈曦,等.烟秆生物质炭对烟草根际土壤养分及细菌群落的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(1):42-47.
[15] 李丽,王雪艳,田彦芳,等.生物质炭对土壤养分及设施蔬菜产量与品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1237-1244.
[16] 谢国雄,王道泽,吴耀,等.生物质炭对退化蔬菜地土壤的改良效果[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(1):67-71.
[17] 宋丹丹,何丙辉,罗松平,等.黑麦草和生物炭对喀斯特地区黄壤养分影响研究[J].草业科学,2018,27(4):195-201.
[18] 吴涛,冯歌林,曾珍,等.生物质炭对盆栽黑麦草生长的影响及机理[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):525-534.
[19] 贵州省土壤普查办公室.贵州土种志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994.
[20] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21] 靖彦,陈效民,李秋霞,等.生物质炭对红壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):265-269.
[22] 张登晓,周惠民,潘根兴,等.城市园林废弃物生物质炭对小白菜生长、硝酸盐含量及氮素利用率的影响[J] .植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1569-1576.
[23] 周强,李嘉雨,黄兆琴,等.培养条件下生物炭对土壤锌的吸附作用[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):969-974.
[2] 陶朋闯,陈效民,靳泽文,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮和碳氮比的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):231-235.
[3] 杨冬艳,王学梅,冯海萍,等.生物质碳对设施西芹根际微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):82-87.
[4] 许泽宏,程晓丹,周明罗,等.生物质炭对荠菜生长过程中根区土壤特性和微生物特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):104-109.
[5] 肖婧,王传杰,黄敏,等.生物质炭对设施大棚土壤性质与果蔬产量影响的整合分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):228-236.
[6] 张影,刘星,焦瑞锋,等.生物质炭与有机物料配施的土壤培肥效果及对玉米生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1287-1297.
[7] 潘洁,肖辉,程文娟,等.生物黑炭对设施土壤理化性质及蔬菜产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(31):174-178.
[8] 刘小宁,蔡立群,黄益宗,等.生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):112-118.
[9] 王丹丹,郑纪勇,颜永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):101-104.
[10] 李中阳,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):119-124.
[11] 张晓玲,陈效民,陶朋闯,等.施用生物质炭对旱地红壤有机碳矿化及碳库的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):192-197.
[12] 周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2075-2080.
[13] 牛亚茹,付祥峰,邱良祝,等.施用生物质炭对大棚土壤特性、黄瓜品质和根结线虫病的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(1):57-62.
[14] 王成己,陈庆荣,陈曦,等.烟秆生物质炭对烟草根际土壤养分及细菌群落的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(1):42-47.
[15] 李丽,王雪艳,田彦芳,等.生物质炭对土壤养分及设施蔬菜产量与品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1237-1244.
[16] 谢国雄,王道泽,吴耀,等.生物质炭对退化蔬菜地土壤的改良效果[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(1):67-71.
[17] 宋丹丹,何丙辉,罗松平,等.黑麦草和生物炭对喀斯特地区黄壤养分影响研究[J].草业科学,2018,27(4):195-201.
[18] 吴涛,冯歌林,曾珍,等.生物质炭对盆栽黑麦草生长的影响及机理[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):525-534.
[19] 贵州省土壤普查办公室.贵州土种志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994.
[20] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21] 靖彦,陈效民,李秋霞,等.生物质炭对红壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):265-269.
[22] 张登晓,周惠民,潘根兴,等.城市园林废弃物生物质炭对小白菜生长、硝酸盐含量及氮素利用率的影响[J] .植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1569-1576.
[23] 周强,李嘉雨,黄兆琴,等.培养条件下生物炭对土壤锌的吸附作用[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):969-974.