开辟应变地震学新领域的实验研究
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摘要
之前的观测实验证明,YRY-4型四元件钻孔应变仪不仅可用于长周期变化观测,也可用于短周期的地震波记录。因为它与传统地震仪的观测对象不同,前者是张量,后者是矢量,所以能获得新的信息。在忻州开展的应变地震波观测实验,是一系列相关实验中的关键一环。实验拟选择现有忻州地区工作状况良好的5个四元件钻孔应变观测点,将观测采样率提高到100sps,除保证正常地震前兆观测外,对地震波进行记录。在此基础上,研究用钻孔应变观测资料解决:确定地震三要素、说明各种地震波的应变性质、识别主要震相以及求震源机制解的问题。该研究不但有实际的应用前景,而且有重要的理论意义。
Previous observational experiments have proved that YRY-4 four-element borehole strainmeter can be used not only for long-period variation observation,but also for short-period seismic wave recording.Because it is different from the observation object of traditional seismograph,that is,a tensor for the former and a vector for the latter,new information can be obtained.The strain seismic wave observation experiment carried out in Xinzhou is a key link in a series of related experiments.Five four-element borehole strain observation points with good working condition in Xinzhou area were selected for the experiment.The sampling rate was incresed to 100 sps,and seismic waves were also recorded in addition to ensuring normal seismic precursor observation.On this basis,the problem of determining the three elements of earthquakes,explaining the strain properties of various seismic waves,identifying main seismic phases and finding the solution of focal mechanism was solved by using borehole strain observation data.This research not only has the practical application prospect,but also has the important theoretical significance.
Previous observational experiments have proved that YRY-4 four-element borehole strainmeter can be used not only for long-period variation observation,but also for short-period seismic wave recording.Because it is different from the observation object of traditional seismograph,that is,a tensor for the former and a vector for the latter,new information can be obtained.The strain seismic wave observation experiment carried out in Xinzhou is a key link in a series of related experiments.Five four-element borehole strain observation points with good working condition in Xinzhou area were selected for the experiment.The sampling rate was incresed to 100 sps,and seismic waves were also recorded in addition to ensuring normal seismic precursor observation.On this basis,the problem of determining the three elements of earthquakes,explaining the strain properties of various seismic waves,identifying main seismic phases and finding the solution of focal mechanism was solved by using borehole strain observation data.This research not only has the practical application prospect,but also has the important theoretical significance.
引文
[1]欧阳祖熙.RDB-1型电容式地应变计[G]//全国地应力专业会议论文选编(下),1977:337-348.
[2]池顺良,池毅,邓涛,等.从5.12汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常看建设密集应变观测网络的必要性[J].国际地震动态,2009(1):1-13.
[3]Qiu Z H,Tang L,Zhang B H,Guo Y P.In-situ calibration of and algorithm for strain monitoring using fourgauge borehole strainmeters(FGBS).Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2013,118:1609-1618,doi:10.1002/jgrb.50112.
[4]Benioff H,Press F,Smith S.Excitation of the free oscillations of the Earth by earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res,1961,66(2):605-619,doi:10.1029/JZ066i002p00605.
[5]杨选辉,杨树新,张彬,等.测震数采仪记录的钻孔应变[J].中国地震,2011,27(1):65-71.
[6]郭燕平,邱泽华,李素华,等.钻孔体应变高采样率观测实验[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(1):51-55.
[7]Ishii H.Development of new multi-component borehole instrument.Report of Tono Research Institute of Earthquake Science(in Japanese),2001(6):5-10.
[8]Barbour A J,Agnew D C.Detection of seismic signals using seismometers and strainmeters[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012(102):2484-2490.
[9]钱伟长,叶开沅.弹性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1956.
[10]Bullen K E.An introduction to the theory of seismology.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,3rd edition,1963:73-74.
[11]邱泽华.钻孔应变观测理论和应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2017.
[12]Qiu Z H,Chi S L,Wang Z M,et al.The strain seismograms of P-and S-Waves of a local event recorded by Four-Gauge Borehole Strainmeter[J].Earthquake Science,2015(28):1-6.
[13]Stein S,Wysession M.An Introduction to Seismology,Earthquake,and Earth Structure.Blackwell Publishing,Oxford,2003.
[14]邱泽华,池顺良.YRY-4型钻孔应变仪观测的P波剪应变[J].地震,2013(4):64-70.
[15]邱泽华.非对称线弹性理论[M].北京:地震出版社,2016.
[16]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476-486.
[2]池顺良,池毅,邓涛,等.从5.12汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常看建设密集应变观测网络的必要性[J].国际地震动态,2009(1):1-13.
[3]Qiu Z H,Tang L,Zhang B H,Guo Y P.In-situ calibration of and algorithm for strain monitoring using fourgauge borehole strainmeters(FGBS).Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2013,118:1609-1618,doi:10.1002/jgrb.50112.
[4]Benioff H,Press F,Smith S.Excitation of the free oscillations of the Earth by earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res,1961,66(2):605-619,doi:10.1029/JZ066i002p00605.
[5]杨选辉,杨树新,张彬,等.测震数采仪记录的钻孔应变[J].中国地震,2011,27(1):65-71.
[6]郭燕平,邱泽华,李素华,等.钻孔体应变高采样率观测实验[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(1):51-55.
[7]Ishii H.Development of new multi-component borehole instrument.Report of Tono Research Institute of Earthquake Science(in Japanese),2001(6):5-10.
[8]Barbour A J,Agnew D C.Detection of seismic signals using seismometers and strainmeters[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012(102):2484-2490.
[9]钱伟长,叶开沅.弹性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1956.
[10]Bullen K E.An introduction to the theory of seismology.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,3rd edition,1963:73-74.
[11]邱泽华.钻孔应变观测理论和应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2017.
[12]Qiu Z H,Chi S L,Wang Z M,et al.The strain seismograms of P-and S-Waves of a local event recorded by Four-Gauge Borehole Strainmeter[J].Earthquake Science,2015(28):1-6.
[13]Stein S,Wysession M.An Introduction to Seismology,Earthquake,and Earth Structure.Blackwell Publishing,Oxford,2003.
[14]邱泽华,池顺良.YRY-4型钻孔应变仪观测的P波剪应变[J].地震,2013(4):64-70.
[15]邱泽华.非对称线弹性理论[M].北京:地震出版社,2016.
[16]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476-486.