粒径比和配比对橡胶砂力学性能的影响研究
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摘要
橡胶砂作为一种新型的廉价隔震材料具有广泛的应用前景,其力学变形特性受两种母材的配合比、粒径比等影响较大。为促进橡胶砂的工程应用,对3种粒径比、6种配比橡胶砂进行了一系列双轴压缩离散元模拟试验,从宏细观角度研究了胶-砂粒径比对橡胶砂力学行为的影响。结果表明:(1)橡胶砂应力-应变曲线在小应变下表现为近似线性增长关系,随着橡胶含量的增加,偏应力逐渐减小,减小程度随粒径比的增大而减弱;(2)随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂模量降低、应力-应变曲线向硬化型转变、线性关系增强,粒径比越大,硬化特性越明显;(3)随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂剪胀特性减弱、剪缩增大,粒径比越大,剪缩程度越明显;(4)橡胶砂应力-应变关系可用扩展邓肯-张模型进行模拟,模型参数受粒径比和橡胶颗粒含量影响的规律明显;(5)橡胶砂力学特性受粒径比影响的细观机制可由颗粒接触特性、颗粒配位数、力链分布、能耗发展等变化情况来描述。
Rubber-Sand Mixture( RSM) has recently been demonstrated to be a new type of low cost isolation material with wide application. The mechanics and deformation characteristics of RSM can vary with mix ratio and particle size ratio of the two base materials. In order to promote the engineering application of RSM,a series of biaxial compression tests are conducted numerically on three kinds of particle size ratio and six kinds of mix ratio based on DEM simulation. Influence mechanisms of particle size ratio on macroscopic and mesoscopic characteristics are analyzed. Results indicate that:( 1) The stress-strain curves of RSM show a linear growth relationship under small strain. With the increase of rubber content,the deviator stress and its degree decrease with increase ofparticle size ratio.( 2) With the increase of rubber content,the modulus of RSM decreases,and the hardening characteristics of specimen is enhanced. The larger the particle size ratio,the more evident the degree of hardening.( 3) With the increase of rubber content,volumetric expansion of RSM is decreased,and the contraction characteristics of specimen is enhanced. The larger the particle size ratio, the more evident the degree of contraction.( 4) The stress-strain behavior of RSM can be simulated well with the extended Duncan-Chang hyperbola model,and the influence of particle size ratio and rubber particle content on model parameters is obvious.( 5) The mesoscopic mechanism of the effect of particle size ratio on RSM can be described by these factors including particle contact characteristics, particle coordination number, force chain distribution, and energy consumption development.
Rubber-Sand Mixture( RSM) has recently been demonstrated to be a new type of low cost isolation material with wide application. The mechanics and deformation characteristics of RSM can vary with mix ratio and particle size ratio of the two base materials. In order to promote the engineering application of RSM,a series of biaxial compression tests are conducted numerically on three kinds of particle size ratio and six kinds of mix ratio based on DEM simulation. Influence mechanisms of particle size ratio on macroscopic and mesoscopic characteristics are analyzed. Results indicate that:( 1) The stress-strain curves of RSM show a linear growth relationship under small strain. With the increase of rubber content,the deviator stress and its degree decrease with increase ofparticle size ratio.( 2) With the increase of rubber content,the modulus of RSM decreases,and the hardening characteristics of specimen is enhanced. The larger the particle size ratio,the more evident the degree of hardening.( 3) With the increase of rubber content,volumetric expansion of RSM is decreased,and the contraction characteristics of specimen is enhanced. The larger the particle size ratio, the more evident the degree of contraction.( 4) The stress-strain behavior of RSM can be simulated well with the extended Duncan-Chang hyperbola model,and the influence of particle size ratio and rubber particle content on model parameters is obvious.( 5) The mesoscopic mechanism of the effect of particle size ratio on RSM can be described by these factors including particle contact characteristics, particle coordination number, force chain distribution, and energy consumption development.
引文
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Reddy S B,Krishna A M.2015.Recycled tire chips mixed with sand as lightweight backfill material in retaining wall applications:an experimental investigation[J].International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering,1(4):1-11.
Senetakis K,Anastasiadis A,Pitilakis K.2012.Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber(SRM)and gravel/rubber(GRM)mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,33(1):38-53.
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Valdes J R,Evans T M.2008.Sand-rubber mixtures:experiments and numerical simulations[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,45(4):588-595.
Xin L,Shen Y,Liu H L,et al.2010.Deformation behavior and its mesomechanism analysis of lightweight soil mixed with rubber chips of scrap tires based on unconfined compressive test[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),38(2):160-164.
Yoon S,Prezzi M,Siddiki N Z,et al.2006.Construction of a test embankment using a sand-tire shred mixture as fill material[J].Waste Management,26(9):1033-1044.
Zhang T,Cai G J,Liu S Y,et al.2017.Experimental study on strength characteristics and micromechanism of rubber-sand mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(6):1082-1088.
Zornberg J G,Cabral A R,Viratjandr C.2004.Behaviour of tire shred sand mixtures[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,41(2):227-241.
邓安,冯金荣.2010.砂-轮胎橡胶颗粒轻质土工填料试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,13(1):116-120.
段伟宏,张涛,蔡国军.2015.橡胶颗粒-砂混合物压缩特性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,23(S1):200-204.
何俊,李勇,阮晓晨,等.2015.废旧轮胎胶粉-黏土混合土的击实性能[J].工程地质学报,23(5):1013-1019.
李丽华,肖衡林,唐辉明,等.2013.轮胎碎片-砂混合土抗剪性能优化试验研究[J].岩土力学,34(4):1063-1067.
刘方成,吴孟桃,陈巨龙,等.2017a.土工格室加筋对橡胶砂动力特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(9):1616-1625.
刘方成,吴孟桃,刘娜,等.2017b.橡胶砂泊松比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,36(S1):3596-3606.
刘方成,张永富,任东滨.2016.橡胶砂应力-应变特性三轴-单剪联合试验研究[J].岩土力学,37(10):2769-2779.
辛凌,沈扬,刘汉龙,等.2010.单轴压力下RST轻质土变形特性及其细观机理分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),38(2):160-164.
张涛,蔡国军,刘松玉,等.2017.橡胶-砂颗粒混合物强度特性及微观机制试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(6):1082-1088.
Deng A,Feng J R.2010.Experimental study on sand-shredded tire lightweight fills[J].Journal of Building Materials,13(1):116-120.
Duan W H,Zhang T,Cai G J.2015.Experimental study on compressibility characteristic of rubber-sands mixtures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(S1):200-204.
Duncan J M,Chang C Y.1970.Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,96(5):1629-1653.
Edincliler A,Cagatay A.2013.Weak subgrade improvement with rubber fibre inclusions[J].Geosynthetics International,20(1):39-46.
Evans T M,Valdes J R.2011.The microstructure of particulate mixtures in one-dimensional compression:numerical studies[J].Granular Matter,13(5):657-669.
He J,Li Y,Ruan X C,et al.2015.Compaction performance of ground rubber and clay mixtures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(5):1013-1019.
Lee C,Shin H,Lee J S.2014.Behavior of sand-rubber particle mixtures:Experimental observations and numerical simulations[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,38(16):1651-1663.
Lee J S,Dodds J,Santamarina J C.2007.Behavior of rigid-soft particle mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,19(2):179-184.
Li L H,Xiao H L,Tang H M,et al.2013.Shear performance optimizing of tire shred-sand mixture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,34(4):1063-1067.
Liu F C,Wu M T,Chen J L,et al.2017a.Experimental study on influence of geo-cell reinforcement on dynamic properties of rubbersand mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(9):1616-1625.
Liu F C,Wu M T,Liu N,et al.2017b.Experimental study on Poisson's ratio of rubber-sand mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,36(S1):3596-3606.
Liu F C,Zhang Y F,Ren D B.2016.Stress-strain characteristics of rubber-sand mixtures in united triaxial shear and simple shear tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,37(10):2769-2779.
Mashiri M S,Vinod J S,Sheikh M N,et al.2015.Shear strength and dilatancy behaviour of sand-tyre chip mixtures[J].Soils and Foundations,55(3):517-528.
Mashiri M S,Vinod J S,Sheikh M N.2016.Liquefaction potential and dynamic properties of sand-tyre chip(STCH)mixtures[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,39(1):69-79.
Perez J C L,Kwok C Y,Senetakis K.2016.Effect of rubber size on the behaviour of sand-rubber mixtures:A numerical investigation[J].Computers and Geotechnics,80:199-214.
Reddy S B,Krishna A M.2015.Recycled tire chips mixed with sand as lightweight backfill material in retaining wall applications:an experimental investigation[J].International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering,1(4):1-11.
Senetakis K,Anastasiadis A,Pitilakis K.2012.Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber(SRM)and gravel/rubber(GRM)mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,33(1):38-53.
Tsang H H.2008.Seismic isolation by rubber-soil mixtures for developing countries[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,37(2):283-303.
Valdes J R,Evans T M.2008.Sand-rubber mixtures:experiments and numerical simulations[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,45(4):588-595.
Xin L,Shen Y,Liu H L,et al.2010.Deformation behavior and its mesomechanism analysis of lightweight soil mixed with rubber chips of scrap tires based on unconfined compressive test[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),38(2):160-164.
Yoon S,Prezzi M,Siddiki N Z,et al.2006.Construction of a test embankment using a sand-tire shred mixture as fill material[J].Waste Management,26(9):1033-1044.
Zhang T,Cai G J,Liu S Y,et al.2017.Experimental study on strength characteristics and micromechanism of rubber-sand mixtures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(6):1082-1088.
Zornberg J G,Cabral A R,Viratjandr C.2004.Behaviour of tire shred sand mixtures[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,41(2):227-241.
邓安,冯金荣.2010.砂-轮胎橡胶颗粒轻质土工填料试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,13(1):116-120.
段伟宏,张涛,蔡国军.2015.橡胶颗粒-砂混合物压缩特性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,23(S1):200-204.
何俊,李勇,阮晓晨,等.2015.废旧轮胎胶粉-黏土混合土的击实性能[J].工程地质学报,23(5):1013-1019.
李丽华,肖衡林,唐辉明,等.2013.轮胎碎片-砂混合土抗剪性能优化试验研究[J].岩土力学,34(4):1063-1067.
刘方成,吴孟桃,陈巨龙,等.2017a.土工格室加筋对橡胶砂动力特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(9):1616-1625.
刘方成,吴孟桃,刘娜,等.2017b.橡胶砂泊松比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,36(S1):3596-3606.
刘方成,张永富,任东滨.2016.橡胶砂应力-应变特性三轴-单剪联合试验研究[J].岩土力学,37(10):2769-2779.
辛凌,沈扬,刘汉龙,等.2010.单轴压力下RST轻质土变形特性及其细观机理分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),38(2):160-164.
张涛,蔡国军,刘松玉,等.2017.橡胶-砂颗粒混合物强度特性及微观机制试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,39(6):1082-1088.
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