基于主应力方向改变的深部沿空巷道非均匀大变形机理及稳定性控制
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摘要
针对赵固二矿11030运输巷在掘进期间出现围岩非均匀大变形导致支护体支护失效的问题,采用理论分析、理论计算、数值模拟和现场试验等综合研究方法,研究了采空区侧方围岩主应力场方向的变化规律,及其对沿空巷道围岩塑性区分布形态的影响机制,揭示了深部沿空巷道非均匀大变形机理。研究结果表明:采空区侧向围岩应力场的主应力方向会发生显著变化,导致深部沿空巷道围岩形成非均匀塑性区,同时在主应力集中及支护体延伸性能弱等主要因素的共同影响下,深部沿空巷道出现非均匀大变形。在此基础之上,提出了以围岩塑性区形态为支护设计基础的、采用可接长锚杆代替普通锚索的深部沿空巷道冒顶控制技术;并在11030运输巷进行了现场试验,采用可接长锚杆支护后的顶板最大下沉量由927 mm降低为431 mm。
Aiming at problems of non-uniform deformation and failure of surrounding rock and the failure supporting in 11030 transportation roadway in Zhaogu No.2 mine, the comprehensive analysis methods including theoretical analysis, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field test have been used to study change rules of the main stress direction of gob side in surrounding rock and the roadway surrounding rock influence of plastic zone distribution. The deep roadway non-uniform deformation mechanism has been revealed. The results show that the stress field and the principal stress direction change of surrounding rock should be apparently and cause a non uniform plastic zone along the deep roadway, while the influence of stress concentration and the support extension performance of weak main factors under the deep roadway heterogeneous large deformation. Based on research results, the plastic zone surrounding the form for the supporting design foundation, the gob roadway roof control technology with deep lengthened bolt to replace the normal cable has been put forwarded. The field testing has been carried out in the 11030 working face transportation roadway of Zhaogu No.2 mine. The roof subsidence value decreased from 927 mm to 431 mm.
Aiming at problems of non-uniform deformation and failure of surrounding rock and the failure supporting in 11030 transportation roadway in Zhaogu No.2 mine, the comprehensive analysis methods including theoretical analysis, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field test have been used to study change rules of the main stress direction of gob side in surrounding rock and the roadway surrounding rock influence of plastic zone distribution. The deep roadway non-uniform deformation mechanism has been revealed. The results show that the stress field and the principal stress direction change of surrounding rock should be apparently and cause a non uniform plastic zone along the deep roadway, while the influence of stress concentration and the support extension performance of weak main factors under the deep roadway heterogeneous large deformation. Based on research results, the plastic zone surrounding the form for the supporting design foundation, the gob roadway roof control technology with deep lengthened bolt to replace the normal cable has been put forwarded. The field testing has been carried out in the 11030 working face transportation roadway of Zhaogu No.2 mine. The roof subsidence value decreased from 927 mm to 431 mm.
引文
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[13]刘长友.缓倾斜特厚煤层综放工作面两侧煤体的位移规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,14(3):13-17.LIU Changyou.Gently inclined special thick seam mining face displacement law on both sides of the coal[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1997,14(3):13-17.
[14]王卫军,冯涛,侯朝炯,等.沿空掘巷实体煤帮应力分布与围岩损伤关系分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1590-1593.WANG Weijun,FENG Tao,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Analysis on the relationship between stress distribution on integrated coal beside roadway driving along next goaf and damage of surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1590-1593.
[15]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[16]赵志强,马念杰,郭晓菲,等.大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机理与控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2932-2939.ZHAO Zhiqiang,MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2932-2939.
[17]李季,冯吉成,张胜凯,等.软岩巷道长短锚杆协调支护技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(3):17-21.LI Ji,FENG Jicheng,ZHANG Shengkai,et al.Study on long and short bolt coordinate support technology of mine soft rock roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(3):17-21.
[2]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[3]缪协兴,钱鸣高.中国煤炭资源绿色开采研究现状与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):1-14.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Research on green mining of coal resources in China:current status and future prospects[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):1-14.
[4]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.
[5]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,32(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,32(2):183-186.
[6]张东升,马立强,缪协兴,等.综放沿空留巷围岩变形影响因素的分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):1-5.ZHANG Dongsheng,MA Liqiang,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Factor analysis on deformation of gob-side entry retaining with entry-in packing in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(1):1-5.
[7]陈上元,宋常胜,郭志飚,等.深部动压巷道非对称变形力学机制及控制对策[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):246-254.CHEN Shangyuan,SONG Changsheng,GUO Zhibiao,et al.Asymmetric deformation mechanical mechanism and control countermeasure for deep roadway affected by mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):246-254.
[8]王炯,郭志飚,蔡峰,等.深部穿层巷道非对称变形机理及控制对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):28-33.WANG Jiong,GUO Zhibiao,CAI Feng,et al.Study on the asymmetric deformation mechanism and control countermeasures of deep layers roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):28-33.
[9]孙晓明,张国锋,蔡峰,等.深部倾斜岩层巷道非对称变形机制及控制对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1137-1143.SUN Xiaoming,ZHANG Guofeng,CAI Feng,et al.Asymmetric deformation mechanism within inclined rock strata induced by excavation in deep roadway and its controlling countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1137-1143.
[10]何满潮,王晓义,刘文涛,等.孔庄矿深部软岩巷道非对称变形数值模拟与控制对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):673-678.HE Manchao,WANG Xiaoyi,LIU Wentao,et al.Numerical simulation on asymmetric deformation of deep soft rock roadway in Kongzhuang coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):673-678.
[11]于洋,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.软岩巷道非对称变形破坏特征及稳定性控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(3):340-346.YU Yang,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Study on asymmetric distortion and failure characteristics and stability control of soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(3):340-346.
[12]侯朝炯,李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):1-7.HOU Chaojiong,LI Xuehua.Stability principle of big and small structures of rock surrounding roadway driven along goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(1):1-7.
[13]刘长友.缓倾斜特厚煤层综放工作面两侧煤体的位移规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,14(3):13-17.LIU Changyou.Gently inclined special thick seam mining face displacement law on both sides of the coal[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1997,14(3):13-17.
[14]王卫军,冯涛,侯朝炯,等.沿空掘巷实体煤帮应力分布与围岩损伤关系分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1590-1593.WANG Weijun,FENG Tao,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Analysis on the relationship between stress distribution on integrated coal beside roadway driving along next goaf and damage of surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1590-1593.
[15]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[16]赵志强,马念杰,郭晓菲,等.大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机理与控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2932-2939.ZHAO Zhiqiang,MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2932-2939.
[17]李季,冯吉成,张胜凯,等.软岩巷道长短锚杆协调支护技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(3):17-21.LI Ji,FENG Jicheng,ZHANG Shengkai,et al.Study on long and short bolt coordinate support technology of mine soft rock roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(3):17-21.