延长油田典型“三低”油藏空气泡沫驱试验与认识
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摘要
为了提高延长油田"三低"油藏开发效果,探索空气泡沫驱在该类油藏的可行性,在室内研究的基础上,分别选取东、西部具有代表性的唐80井区和旗35井区开展了空气泡沫驱矿场试验。结果表明:空气泡沫驱最终驱油效率可以达到80%以上。相比先水驱再空气泡沫驱,直接空气泡沫驱的驱动方式更有效,获得相同的较高驱油效率需要的总注入量更小。同时,据2个井区的矿场试验结果,单井月增油幅度最高达215%,单井累积增油幅度最高达近40%,单井含水率最高下降40个百分点以上;唐80井区综合含水率下降约16个百分点,自然递减率较注水区低13个百分点以上,降水增油效果非常明显。另据耗氧安全分析和矿场试验监测结果,套管气氧含量基本都在5%以内,且随时间的延长,氧含量均越来越低。通过上述研究和试验认为:空气泡沫驱在延长油田"三低"油藏具有经济和安全的双重可行性,打破了低温低压油藏不适合空气泡沫驱的常规理念,对同类油藏的实施具有借鉴和向导意义。建议矿场试验中采取有效措施减缓气窜的发生,加强油藏动态和产出气的监测与分析,保证在安全的前提下取得良好的驱油效果。
In order to improve the development results of "three-low" oil reservoirs(low permeability, low temperature and low pressure) in Yanchang Oilfield, it is necessary to explore the feasibility of air foam flooding in this type of oil reservoirs. In this paper, Well blocks Tang 80 and Qi 35 which are the typical well blocks in the east and west of Yanchang Oilfield respectively were selected on the basis of in-house study for field experiment of air foam flooding. It is indicated that the ultimate oil displacement efficiency of air foam flooding can reach over 80%. Compared with the air foam flooding after water flooding, the direct air foam flooding is more efficient and needs less injection for the same higher oil displacement efficiency. The field experiment results of both well blocks show that the maximum monthly oil increment per well is up to 215%, maximum cumulative oil increment per well is nearly 40% and maximum water cut decline per well is over 40%. In Well block Tang 80, the composite water cut drops by 16% and natural decline rate is over 13% lower than that of the water flooding zones, indicating remarkable effect of water cut decreasing and oil production increasing. The safety analysis on oxygen consumption and the monitoring results of field experiment show that the oxygen content of casing head gas is basically below 5% and gets lower and lower as the time goes. It is concluded that air foam flooding is economically and safely feasible for "three-low" oil reservoirs in Yanchang Oilfield. The research and experiment results break the conventional concept that air foam flooding is not suitable for low temperature and low pressure oil reservoirs and they can be used as the reference and guidance for the development of similar oil reservoirs. It is recommended to take some effective measures in the field experiment to slow down gas channeling and strengthen the monitoring and analysis on oil reservoir performance and produced gas so as to realize good oil displacement effect while the safety is guaranteed.
In order to improve the development results of "three-low" oil reservoirs(low permeability, low temperature and low pressure) in Yanchang Oilfield, it is necessary to explore the feasibility of air foam flooding in this type of oil reservoirs. In this paper, Well blocks Tang 80 and Qi 35 which are the typical well blocks in the east and west of Yanchang Oilfield respectively were selected on the basis of in-house study for field experiment of air foam flooding. It is indicated that the ultimate oil displacement efficiency of air foam flooding can reach over 80%. Compared with the air foam flooding after water flooding, the direct air foam flooding is more efficient and needs less injection for the same higher oil displacement efficiency. The field experiment results of both well blocks show that the maximum monthly oil increment per well is up to 215%, maximum cumulative oil increment per well is nearly 40% and maximum water cut decline per well is over 40%. In Well block Tang 80, the composite water cut drops by 16% and natural decline rate is over 13% lower than that of the water flooding zones, indicating remarkable effect of water cut decreasing and oil production increasing. The safety analysis on oxygen consumption and the monitoring results of field experiment show that the oxygen content of casing head gas is basically below 5% and gets lower and lower as the time goes. It is concluded that air foam flooding is economically and safely feasible for "three-low" oil reservoirs in Yanchang Oilfield. The research and experiment results break the conventional concept that air foam flooding is not suitable for low temperature and low pressure oil reservoirs and they can be used as the reference and guidance for the development of similar oil reservoirs. It is recommended to take some effective measures in the field experiment to slow down gas channeling and strengthen the monitoring and analysis on oil reservoir performance and produced gas so as to realize good oil displacement effect while the safety is guaranteed.
引文
[1]黄建东,孙守港,陈宗义,李临华.低渗透油田注空气提高采收率技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):79-81.HUANG Jiandong,SUN Shougang,CHEN Zongyi,LILinhua.Enhance recovery of low-permeability reservoirs by air-injected[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2001,8(3):79-81.
[2]王艳秋,宋考平,孙建松.特低渗透油田注空气驱油调研及认识[J].中外能源,2012,17(4):59-62.WANG Yanqiu,SONG Kaoping,SUN Jiansong.Research and understanding of oil displacement by air injection in extra-low permeability oil fields[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(4):59-62.
[3]王杰祥,张琪,李爱山,张红玲,刘均荣.注空气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):73-75.WANG Jiexiang,ZHANG Qi,LI Aishan,ZHANG Hongling,LIU Junrong.Laboratory experiment on efficiency of air injection displacement[J].Journal of University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(4):73-75.
[4]李兆敏,孙茂盛,林日亿,李勇,徐永辉.泡沫封堵及选择性分流实验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):115-118.LI Zhaomin,SUN Maosheng,LIN Riyi,LI Yong,XUYonghui.Laboratory study on foam plugging and selective divided-flow[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):115-118.
[5]李继光.空气泡沫驱提高采收率原理及影响因素分析[J].辽宁化工,2015,44(7):867-868.LI Jiguang.Principle and influencing factors of air foam EOR[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2015,44(7):867-868.
[6]曲占庆,张红,蒋海岩,李杨,张宁.注空气开发低渗透稀油油藏的适用性探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):244-249.QU Zhanqing,ZHANG Hong,JIANG Haiyan,LI Yang,ZHANG Ning.Applicability of air flooding to lowpermeability thin oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):244-249.
[7]张旭,刘建仪,孙良田,李士伦,刘卫华.注空气低温氧化提高轻质油气藏采收率研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):78-80.ZHANG Xu,LIU Jianyi,SUN Liangtian,LI Shilun,LIU Weihua.Research on the mechanisms of enhancing recovery of light-oil reservoir by air-injected lowtemperature oxidation technique[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):78-80.
[8]侯胜明,刘印华,于洪敏,牛保伦,任韶然.注空气过程轻质原油低温氧化动力学[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):169-172.HOU Shengming,LIU Yinhua,YU Hongmin,NIUBaolun,REN Shaoran.Kinetics of low temperature oxidation of light oil in air injection process[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(1):169-172.
[9]REN S R,GREAVES M,RATHBONE R R.Air injection LTO process:an IOR technique for light-oil reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,2002,7(1):90-99.
[10]GREAVES M,REN S R,RATHBONE R R.Improved residual light oil recovery by air injection(LTO Process)[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2000,39(1):57-61.
[11]张旭,刘建仪,易洋,刘卫华,孙良田.注气提高采收率技术的挑战与发展--注空气低温氧化技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(1):6-9.ZHANG Xu,LIU Jianyi,YI Yang,LIU Weihua,SUNLiangtian.The challenge and progress of gas injection EOR-Air injection LTO technology[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(1):6-9.
[12]吕鑫,岳湘安,吴永超,冯举涛.空气-泡沫驱提高采收率技术的安全性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(5):44-46.LYU Xin,YUE Xiang’an,WU Yongchao,FENGJutao.Safety analysis of enhancing oil recovery by airfoam flooding[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005,12(5):44-46.
[13]王杰祥,徐国瑞,付志军,任韶然,GREAVES M.注空气低温氧化驱油室内实验与油藏筛选标准[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(1):69-71.WANG Jiexiang,XU Guorui,FU Zhijun,REN Shaoran,GREAVES M.LTO laboratory experiments and reservoir selection criteria of air injection[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008,15(1):69-71.
[14]吉亚娟.注空气采油井下石油气燃爆特性的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2008:13-18.JI Yajuan.Study on downhole petroleum gas explosion character for air injection EOR process[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2008:13-18.
[15]王杰祥,王腾飞,杨长华,陈征,于英俊.轻质原油低温氧化催化技术[J].石油学报,2015,36(10):1260-1266.WANG Jiexiang,WANG Tengfei,YANG Changhua,CHEN Zheng,YU Yingjun.Low-temperature oxidation catalytic technology of light crude oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(10):1260-1266.
[16]GREAVES M,REN S R,RATHBONE R R.Air injection technique for IOR from light oil reservoirs:Oxidation[R].SPE 40062,1998.
[17]王其伟.泡沫驱油发展现状及前景展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):94-97.WANG Qiwei.Present situation and development prospect of foam flooding[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(2):94-97.
[18]曲占庆,张红,蒋海岩,李杨,张宁.注空气开发低渗透稀油油藏的适用性探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):244-250.QU Zhanqing,ZHANG Hong,JIANG Haiyan,LIYang,ZHANG Ning.Feasibility of air injection in lowpermeability thin oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):244-250
[19]翁高富.百色油田上法灰岩油藏空气泡沫驱油先导试验研究[J].油气采收率技术,1998,5(2):6-10.WENG Gaofu.Pilot research on oil displacement by airfoam in Shangfa calcareous rock of Baise Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,1998,5(2):6-10.
[20]李娜.孤东油田空气泡沫驱提高采收率技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009:35-40.LI Na.Study on enhancing oil recovery by air-foam flooding in Gudong Oilfield[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2009:35-40.
[21]任韶然,于洪敏,左景栾,高海涛,林伟民.中原油田空气泡沫调驱提高采收率技术[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):413-416.REN Shaoran,YU Hongmin,ZUO Jingluan,GAOHaitao,LIN Weimin.EOR technology of profile control and displacement process by air foam injection in Zhongyuan Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):413-416.
[22]YU Hongmin,YANG Baoquan,XU Guorui.Air foam injection for IOR:From laboratory to field implementation in Zhongyuan Oilfield China[R].SPE113913,2008.
[23]于洪敏,任韶然,左景栾,王瑞和,林伟民.注空气泡沫低温氧化工艺提高采收率试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(2):94-98.YU Hongmin,REN Shaoran,ZUO Jingluan,WANGRuihe,LIN Weimin.Experiment of improved oil recovery by air foam injection low temperature oxidation process[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(2):94-98.
[24]杜建芬,郭平,王仲林,孙玉凯,刘滨.轻质油藏高压注空气加速量热分析实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):17-21.DU Jianfen,GUO Ping,WANG Zhonglin,SUN Yukai,LIU Bin.Laboratory research of accelerating rate calorimeter test of high pressure air injection at light oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(2):17-21.
[25]熊健,郭平,杜建芬,汪周华,李凌峰.特低渗透油藏注气驱长岩心物理模拟[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):56-59.XIONG Jian,GUO Ping,DU Jianfen,WANG Zhouhua,LI Lingfeng.Physical simulation of gas driving with long ultralow permeability core[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Edition of Natural Science),2011,26(2):56-59.
[26]张积耀,高瑞民,余华贵,黄春霞,江绍静.低温低压油藏注空气提高采收率耗氧初探[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):81-83.ZHANG Jiyao,GAO Ruimin,YU Huagui,HUANGChunxia,JIANG Shaojing.Preliminary study about oxygen consumption of injecting air into low-temperature and low-pressure reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):81-83.
[2]王艳秋,宋考平,孙建松.特低渗透油田注空气驱油调研及认识[J].中外能源,2012,17(4):59-62.WANG Yanqiu,SONG Kaoping,SUN Jiansong.Research and understanding of oil displacement by air injection in extra-low permeability oil fields[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(4):59-62.
[3]王杰祥,张琪,李爱山,张红玲,刘均荣.注空气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):73-75.WANG Jiexiang,ZHANG Qi,LI Aishan,ZHANG Hongling,LIU Junrong.Laboratory experiment on efficiency of air injection displacement[J].Journal of University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(4):73-75.
[4]李兆敏,孙茂盛,林日亿,李勇,徐永辉.泡沫封堵及选择性分流实验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):115-118.LI Zhaomin,SUN Maosheng,LIN Riyi,LI Yong,XUYonghui.Laboratory study on foam plugging and selective divided-flow[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):115-118.
[5]李继光.空气泡沫驱提高采收率原理及影响因素分析[J].辽宁化工,2015,44(7):867-868.LI Jiguang.Principle and influencing factors of air foam EOR[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2015,44(7):867-868.
[6]曲占庆,张红,蒋海岩,李杨,张宁.注空气开发低渗透稀油油藏的适用性探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):244-249.QU Zhanqing,ZHANG Hong,JIANG Haiyan,LI Yang,ZHANG Ning.Applicability of air flooding to lowpermeability thin oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):244-249.
[7]张旭,刘建仪,孙良田,李士伦,刘卫华.注空气低温氧化提高轻质油气藏采收率研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):78-80.ZHANG Xu,LIU Jianyi,SUN Liangtian,LI Shilun,LIU Weihua.Research on the mechanisms of enhancing recovery of light-oil reservoir by air-injected lowtemperature oxidation technique[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):78-80.
[8]侯胜明,刘印华,于洪敏,牛保伦,任韶然.注空气过程轻质原油低温氧化动力学[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):169-172.HOU Shengming,LIU Yinhua,YU Hongmin,NIUBaolun,REN Shaoran.Kinetics of low temperature oxidation of light oil in air injection process[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(1):169-172.
[9]REN S R,GREAVES M,RATHBONE R R.Air injection LTO process:an IOR technique for light-oil reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,2002,7(1):90-99.
[10]GREAVES M,REN S R,RATHBONE R R.Improved residual light oil recovery by air injection(LTO Process)[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2000,39(1):57-61.
[11]张旭,刘建仪,易洋,刘卫华,孙良田.注气提高采收率技术的挑战与发展--注空气低温氧化技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(1):6-9.ZHANG Xu,LIU Jianyi,YI Yang,LIU Weihua,SUNLiangtian.The challenge and progress of gas injection EOR-Air injection LTO technology[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(1):6-9.
[12]吕鑫,岳湘安,吴永超,冯举涛.空气-泡沫驱提高采收率技术的安全性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(5):44-46.LYU Xin,YUE Xiang’an,WU Yongchao,FENGJutao.Safety analysis of enhancing oil recovery by airfoam flooding[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005,12(5):44-46.
[13]王杰祥,徐国瑞,付志军,任韶然,GREAVES M.注空气低温氧化驱油室内实验与油藏筛选标准[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(1):69-71.WANG Jiexiang,XU Guorui,FU Zhijun,REN Shaoran,GREAVES M.LTO laboratory experiments and reservoir selection criteria of air injection[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008,15(1):69-71.
[14]吉亚娟.注空气采油井下石油气燃爆特性的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2008:13-18.JI Yajuan.Study on downhole petroleum gas explosion character for air injection EOR process[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2008:13-18.
[15]王杰祥,王腾飞,杨长华,陈征,于英俊.轻质原油低温氧化催化技术[J].石油学报,2015,36(10):1260-1266.WANG Jiexiang,WANG Tengfei,YANG Changhua,CHEN Zheng,YU Yingjun.Low-temperature oxidation catalytic technology of light crude oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(10):1260-1266.
[16]GREAVES M,REN S R,RATHBONE R R.Air injection technique for IOR from light oil reservoirs:Oxidation[R].SPE 40062,1998.
[17]王其伟.泡沫驱油发展现状及前景展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):94-97.WANG Qiwei.Present situation and development prospect of foam flooding[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(2):94-97.
[18]曲占庆,张红,蒋海岩,李杨,张宁.注空气开发低渗透稀油油藏的适用性探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):244-250.QU Zhanqing,ZHANG Hong,JIANG Haiyan,LIYang,ZHANG Ning.Feasibility of air injection in lowpermeability thin oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):244-250
[19]翁高富.百色油田上法灰岩油藏空气泡沫驱油先导试验研究[J].油气采收率技术,1998,5(2):6-10.WENG Gaofu.Pilot research on oil displacement by airfoam in Shangfa calcareous rock of Baise Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,1998,5(2):6-10.
[20]李娜.孤东油田空气泡沫驱提高采收率技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009:35-40.LI Na.Study on enhancing oil recovery by air-foam flooding in Gudong Oilfield[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2009:35-40.
[21]任韶然,于洪敏,左景栾,高海涛,林伟民.中原油田空气泡沫调驱提高采收率技术[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):413-416.REN Shaoran,YU Hongmin,ZUO Jingluan,GAOHaitao,LIN Weimin.EOR technology of profile control and displacement process by air foam injection in Zhongyuan Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):413-416.
[22]YU Hongmin,YANG Baoquan,XU Guorui.Air foam injection for IOR:From laboratory to field implementation in Zhongyuan Oilfield China[R].SPE113913,2008.
[23]于洪敏,任韶然,左景栾,王瑞和,林伟民.注空气泡沫低温氧化工艺提高采收率试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(2):94-98.YU Hongmin,REN Shaoran,ZUO Jingluan,WANGRuihe,LIN Weimin.Experiment of improved oil recovery by air foam injection low temperature oxidation process[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(2):94-98.
[24]杜建芬,郭平,王仲林,孙玉凯,刘滨.轻质油藏高压注空气加速量热分析实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):17-21.DU Jianfen,GUO Ping,WANG Zhonglin,SUN Yukai,LIU Bin.Laboratory research of accelerating rate calorimeter test of high pressure air injection at light oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(2):17-21.
[25]熊健,郭平,杜建芬,汪周华,李凌峰.特低渗透油藏注气驱长岩心物理模拟[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):56-59.XIONG Jian,GUO Ping,DU Jianfen,WANG Zhouhua,LI Lingfeng.Physical simulation of gas driving with long ultralow permeability core[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Edition of Natural Science),2011,26(2):56-59.
[26]张积耀,高瑞民,余华贵,黄春霞,江绍静.低温低压油藏注空气提高采收率耗氧初探[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):81-83.ZHANG Jiyao,GAO Ruimin,YU Huagui,HUANGChunxia,JIANG Shaojing.Preliminary study about oxygen consumption of injecting air into low-temperature and low-pressure reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):81-83.