施肥对油茶园土壤呼吸和异养呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响
|
摘要
油茶是中国南方重要的木本食用油料树种,研究施肥对油茶园土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响,对于估算中国南方典型种植园林温室气体排放及其对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。设置对照(CK)、施肥(OF)、断根(CK-T)和断根施肥(OF-T)4个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,通过多年观测,分析探讨施肥对油茶园土壤呼吸和异养呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥对油茶园土壤呼吸和异养呼吸无显著影响。研究期间,各处理(OF、CK、OF-T、CK-T)土壤CO_2通量依次为(77.91±2.59)、(73.71±0.97)、(66.82±1.02)mg C m~(-2)h~(-1)和(66.84±3.94)mg C m~(-2)h~(-1);(2)各处理土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q_(10))表现为OF-T(1.96±0.01)>CK-T(1.79±0.03)>OF(1.77±0.01)>CK(1.75±0.03),其中,OF-T处理下Q_(10)显著高于其他3个处理,即施肥显著增加了断根处理土壤呼吸Q_(10);(3)施肥显著增加了土壤表层NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量,Q_(10)与土壤表层NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量表现出显著的正相关关系。
As the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems,soils constitute important sources and sinks of global CO_2balance.Soil respiration is an important pathway of carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems.Further,soil respiration can also influence terrestrial carbon cycling through climate feedbacks,specifically temperature sensitivity(Q_(10)).Oil tea(Camellia oleifera)is an important native woody oil crop,and has been widely developed in south China in recent years.High-level fertilization has been widely adopted to increase growth of oil tea trees and maintain soil fertility.In this study,the effects of fertilization on soil respiration,heterotrophic respiration and temperature sensitivity in an oil tea plantation were examined.Static chambers and gas chromatography were used to collect and analyze gas samples.To differentiate soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration,the trenching method was used.There were four treatment in this study:oil tea plots with fertilization(OF),oil tea plots without fertilization(CK),trenching plots with fertilization(OF-T),and trenching plots without fertilization(CK-T).The results showed that fertilization had no significant effects on either soil respiration or heterotrophic respiration.Soil CO_2effluxes in different treatments(OF,CK,OF-T,CK-T)were77.91±2.59,73.71±0.97,66.82±1.02,and 66.84±3.94 mg C m~(-2)h~(-1),respectively.The temperature sensitivity of soi CO_2effluxes was 1.77±0.01,1.75±0.03,1.96±0.01,1.79±0.03 in OF,CK,OF-T,and CK-T respectively.Fertilization significantly increased temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration,with the Q_(10)values in the OF-T plot significantly higher than those in the CK-T plots.In addition,fertilization significantly increased soil NH~+_4-N and NO~-_3-Ncontents in the surface layer(0—10cm).We also found significant linear relationships between the Q_(10)of soil CO_2effluxe and soil NH~+_4-N,as well as NO~-_3-N contents.Our findings may provide basic data for greenhouse gas inventories and understanding their responses to climate change in a typical cash crop plantation in south China.
As the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems,soils constitute important sources and sinks of global CO_2balance.Soil respiration is an important pathway of carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems.Further,soil respiration can also influence terrestrial carbon cycling through climate feedbacks,specifically temperature sensitivity(Q_(10)).Oil tea(Camellia oleifera)is an important native woody oil crop,and has been widely developed in south China in recent years.High-level fertilization has been widely adopted to increase growth of oil tea trees and maintain soil fertility.In this study,the effects of fertilization on soil respiration,heterotrophic respiration and temperature sensitivity in an oil tea plantation were examined.Static chambers and gas chromatography were used to collect and analyze gas samples.To differentiate soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration,the trenching method was used.There were four treatment in this study:oil tea plots with fertilization(OF),oil tea plots without fertilization(CK),trenching plots with fertilization(OF-T),and trenching plots without fertilization(CK-T).The results showed that fertilization had no significant effects on either soil respiration or heterotrophic respiration.Soil CO_2effluxes in different treatments(OF,CK,OF-T,CK-T)were77.91±2.59,73.71±0.97,66.82±1.02,and 66.84±3.94 mg C m~(-2)h~(-1),respectively.The temperature sensitivity of soi CO_2effluxes was 1.77±0.01,1.75±0.03,1.96±0.01,1.79±0.03 in OF,CK,OF-T,and CK-T respectively.Fertilization significantly increased temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration,with the Q_(10)values in the OF-T plot significantly higher than those in the CK-T plots.In addition,fertilization significantly increased soil NH~+_4-N and NO~-_3-Ncontents in the surface layer(0—10cm).We also found significant linear relationships between the Q_(10)of soil CO_2effluxe and soil NH~+_4-N,as well as NO~-_3-N contents.Our findings may provide basic data for greenhouse gas inventories and understanding their responses to climate change in a typical cash crop plantation in south China.
引文
[1]IPCC.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change//Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G K,Tignor M,Allen S K,Boschung J,Nauels A,Xia Y,Bex V,Midgley P M,Cambridge,United Kingdom and New York,NY,USA:Cambridge University Press,2013:1535.
[2]杨庆朋,徐明,刘洪升,王劲松,刘丽香,迟永刚,郑云普.土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响因素和不确定性.生态学报,2011,31(8):2301-2311.
[3]Zhou L Y,Zhou X H,Zhang B C,Lu M,Luo Y Q,Liu L L,Li B.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes:a meta-analysis.Global Change Biology,2014,20(7):2332-2343.
[4]Davidson E A,Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change.Nature,2006,440(7081):165-173.
[5]Zhong Y Q W,Yan W M,Shangguan Z P.The effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil CO2fluxes depending on temperature and soil properties.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2016,25(4):475-488.
[6]Cleveland C C,Townsend A R.Nutrient additions to a tropical rain forest drive substantial soil carbon dioxide losses to the atmosphere.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(27),10316-10321.
[7]Allison S D,Martiny J B H.Resistance,resilience,and redundancy in microbial communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(S1):11512-11519.
[8]Janssens I A,Dieleman W,Luyssaert S,Subke J-A,Reichstein M,Ceulemans R,Ciais P,Dolman A J,Grace J,Matteucci G,Papale D,Piao S L,Schulze E-D,Tang J,Law B E.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):315-322.
[9]Mo J M,Zhang W,Zhu W X,Fang Y T,Li D J,Zhao P.Response of soil respiration to simulated N deposition in a disturbed and a rehabilitated tropical forest in southern China.Plant and Soil,2007,296(1/2):125-135.
[10]Wang Y S,Cheng S L,Fang H J,Yu G R,Xu X F,Xu M J,Wang L,Li X Y,Si G Y,Geng J,He S.Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate inputs on soil CO2emission in a subtropical coniferous plantation of southern China.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2015,51(7):815-825.
[11]Stone M M,Weiss M S,Goodale G L,Adams M B,Fernandez I J,German D P,Allison S D.Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N-fertilization in two temperate forests.Global Change Biology,2012,18(3):1173-1184.
[12]Cusack D F,Torn M S,Mc Dowell W H,Silver W L.The response of heterotrophic activity and carbon cycling to nitrogen additions and warming in two tropical soils.Global Change Biology,2010,16(9):2555-2572.
[13]唐健,李娜,欧阳洁英,曹继钊,覃其云.油茶苗期生物量积累及营养分配规律研究.南方农业学报,2011,42(8):964-967.
[14]Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,Andrews J A.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations.Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):115-146.
[15]Subke J A,Inglima I,Cotrufo M F.Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2efflux partitioning:A meta-analytical review.Global Change Biology,2006,12(6):921-943.
[16]Wang Y D,Li Q K,Wang H M,Wen X F,Yang F T,Ma Z Q,Liu Y F,Sun X M,Yu G R.Precipitation frequency controls interannual variation of soil respiration by affecting soil moisture in a subtropical forest plantation.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2011,41(9):1897-1906.
[17]Wang H,Liu S R,Wang J X,Shi Z M,Lu L H,Zeng J,Ming A G,Tang J X,Yu H L.Effects of tree species mixture on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in subtropical plantations in China.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:4-13.
[18]Sheng H,Yang Y S,Yang Z J,Chen G S,Xie J S,Guo J F,Zou S Q.The dynamic response of soil respiration to land-use changes in subtropical China.Global Change Biology,2010,16(3):1107-1121.
[19]王超,黄蓉,杨智杰,刘强,陈光水,万晓华.万木林保护区柑橘和锥栗园土壤呼吸的比较.应用生态学报,2012,23(6):1469-1475.
[20]Liu H,Zhao P,Lu P,Wang Y S,Lin Y B,Rao X Q.Greenhouse gas fluxes from soils of different land-use types in a hilly area of South China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2008,124(1/2):125-135.
[21]Iqbal J,Hu R G,Du L J,Lu L,Lin S,Chen T,Ruan L L.Differences in soil CO2flux between different land use types in mid-subtropical China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2324-2333.
[22]Deng Q,Zhou G,Liu J,Liu S,Duan H,Zhang D.Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China.Biogeosciences,2010,7(1):315-328.
[23]Hamdi S,Moyano F,Sall S,Bernoux M,Chevallier T.Synthesis analysis of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration from laboratory studies in relation to incubation methods and soil conditions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58:115-126.
[24]邬建红,潘剑君,葛序娟,王恒钦,余文飞,李炳亚.不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性.水土保持学报,2015,29(3):130-135
[25]Winkler J P,Cherry R S,Schlesinger W H.The Q10relationship of microbial respiration in a temperate forest soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28(8):1067-1072.
[26]盛浩,杨玉盛,陈光水,高人,曾宏达,钟羡芳.植物根呼吸对升温的响应.生态学报,2007,27(4):1596-1605.
[2]杨庆朋,徐明,刘洪升,王劲松,刘丽香,迟永刚,郑云普.土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响因素和不确定性.生态学报,2011,31(8):2301-2311.
[3]Zhou L Y,Zhou X H,Zhang B C,Lu M,Luo Y Q,Liu L L,Li B.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes:a meta-analysis.Global Change Biology,2014,20(7):2332-2343.
[4]Davidson E A,Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change.Nature,2006,440(7081):165-173.
[5]Zhong Y Q W,Yan W M,Shangguan Z P.The effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil CO2fluxes depending on temperature and soil properties.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2016,25(4):475-488.
[6]Cleveland C C,Townsend A R.Nutrient additions to a tropical rain forest drive substantial soil carbon dioxide losses to the atmosphere.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(27),10316-10321.
[7]Allison S D,Martiny J B H.Resistance,resilience,and redundancy in microbial communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(S1):11512-11519.
[8]Janssens I A,Dieleman W,Luyssaert S,Subke J-A,Reichstein M,Ceulemans R,Ciais P,Dolman A J,Grace J,Matteucci G,Papale D,Piao S L,Schulze E-D,Tang J,Law B E.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):315-322.
[9]Mo J M,Zhang W,Zhu W X,Fang Y T,Li D J,Zhao P.Response of soil respiration to simulated N deposition in a disturbed and a rehabilitated tropical forest in southern China.Plant and Soil,2007,296(1/2):125-135.
[10]Wang Y S,Cheng S L,Fang H J,Yu G R,Xu X F,Xu M J,Wang L,Li X Y,Si G Y,Geng J,He S.Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate inputs on soil CO2emission in a subtropical coniferous plantation of southern China.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2015,51(7):815-825.
[11]Stone M M,Weiss M S,Goodale G L,Adams M B,Fernandez I J,German D P,Allison S D.Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N-fertilization in two temperate forests.Global Change Biology,2012,18(3):1173-1184.
[12]Cusack D F,Torn M S,Mc Dowell W H,Silver W L.The response of heterotrophic activity and carbon cycling to nitrogen additions and warming in two tropical soils.Global Change Biology,2010,16(9):2555-2572.
[13]唐健,李娜,欧阳洁英,曹继钊,覃其云.油茶苗期生物量积累及营养分配规律研究.南方农业学报,2011,42(8):964-967.
[14]Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,Andrews J A.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations.Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):115-146.
[15]Subke J A,Inglima I,Cotrufo M F.Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2efflux partitioning:A meta-analytical review.Global Change Biology,2006,12(6):921-943.
[16]Wang Y D,Li Q K,Wang H M,Wen X F,Yang F T,Ma Z Q,Liu Y F,Sun X M,Yu G R.Precipitation frequency controls interannual variation of soil respiration by affecting soil moisture in a subtropical forest plantation.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2011,41(9):1897-1906.
[17]Wang H,Liu S R,Wang J X,Shi Z M,Lu L H,Zeng J,Ming A G,Tang J X,Yu H L.Effects of tree species mixture on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in subtropical plantations in China.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:4-13.
[18]Sheng H,Yang Y S,Yang Z J,Chen G S,Xie J S,Guo J F,Zou S Q.The dynamic response of soil respiration to land-use changes in subtropical China.Global Change Biology,2010,16(3):1107-1121.
[19]王超,黄蓉,杨智杰,刘强,陈光水,万晓华.万木林保护区柑橘和锥栗园土壤呼吸的比较.应用生态学报,2012,23(6):1469-1475.
[20]Liu H,Zhao P,Lu P,Wang Y S,Lin Y B,Rao X Q.Greenhouse gas fluxes from soils of different land-use types in a hilly area of South China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2008,124(1/2):125-135.
[21]Iqbal J,Hu R G,Du L J,Lu L,Lin S,Chen T,Ruan L L.Differences in soil CO2flux between different land use types in mid-subtropical China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2324-2333.
[22]Deng Q,Zhou G,Liu J,Liu S,Duan H,Zhang D.Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China.Biogeosciences,2010,7(1):315-328.
[23]Hamdi S,Moyano F,Sall S,Bernoux M,Chevallier T.Synthesis analysis of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration from laboratory studies in relation to incubation methods and soil conditions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58:115-126.
[24]邬建红,潘剑君,葛序娟,王恒钦,余文飞,李炳亚.不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性.水土保持学报,2015,29(3):130-135
[25]Winkler J P,Cherry R S,Schlesinger W H.The Q10relationship of microbial respiration in a temperate forest soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28(8):1067-1072.
[26]盛浩,杨玉盛,陈光水,高人,曾宏达,钟羡芳.植物根呼吸对升温的响应.生态学报,2007,27(4):1596-1605.