不同水肥处理对温室葡萄品质的影响与综合评价
|
摘要
以5 a生"6-12"葡萄为研究对象,探讨不同水肥处理对温室葡萄品质的影响,并得出葡萄获得最佳品质时对应的水肥组合。结果表明:滴灌施肥处理W1F1与传统沟灌处理CK相比,可以显著提高葡萄的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和糖酸比,并且可以实现节水36.5%、节肥16.7%。滴灌施肥条件下,除果实Vc含量外,水肥交互作用对其余各项品质指标均具有极显著影响;W1、W2灌水水平下,随着施肥量的增加,果实纵径和单粒重呈现先增大后减小的趋势;相同灌水水平下,果形指数和红色葡萄果实颜色指数CIRG随着施肥量的增加先增大后减小;随着灌水量的增加,果实横径整体上表现为先增大后减小的趋势,在W2F3达到最大;在同一灌水水平下,随着施肥量的增加,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、固酸比、糖酸比与可滴定酸均呈现完全相反的变化趋势;灌水量、施肥量和水肥交互作用对果实Vc含量影响均不显著。通过对不同处理果实品质的主成分分析,得出滴灌处理中水低肥W2F3即灌水量3 045 m3/hm2、施肥量750 kg/hm2时果实综合品质最优,是提高温室葡萄果实品质的有效灌水施肥模式。
In order to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on grape quality in greenhouse,and to get the best combination of water and fertilizer,the five-year-old "6-12"grape was used as experimental object. The results showed that the drip fertigation could significantly increase the soluble solid content,solid-acid ratio and sugar-to-acid ratio of grape fruits compared with CK,and did not significantly reduce the other quality of grap fruits. And compared with the control,W1 F1 treatment can reduce water consumption by 36% and fertilizer by 16%. Under the condition of drip fertigation,besides the Vc content of fruit,the interaction of water and fertilizers have a very significant impact on the rest of the quality indicators; under W1 and W2 irrigation levels,with the increasing of fertilizer amount,the longitudinal and single grain weight of the fruit increased firstly and then decreased; under the same irrigation level,the fruit shape index and the color index of red grape fruit( CIRG) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount.With the increasing of irrigation quantity,the fruit diameter as a whole showed the trend firstly increased and then decreased,reaching the maximum at W2 F3 treatment. At the same irrigation level,soluble solid,soluble sugar,ratio of solid to acid,ratio of sugar to acid and titratable acid all showed completely opposite changes with the increasing of the fertilizer amount. The influence on Vc content of grape fruit was not significant with the change of irrigation quantity,fertilizer amount and interaction between water and fertilizer. Through the principal component analysis of the fruit quality of different treatments,concluding that the optimum comprehensive quality of grape can be obtained when drip irrigation treatment W2 F3,irrigation quantity 3 045 m3/hm2,fertilization amount 750 kg/hm2.
In order to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on grape quality in greenhouse,and to get the best combination of water and fertilizer,the five-year-old "6-12"grape was used as experimental object. The results showed that the drip fertigation could significantly increase the soluble solid content,solid-acid ratio and sugar-to-acid ratio of grape fruits compared with CK,and did not significantly reduce the other quality of grap fruits. And compared with the control,W1 F1 treatment can reduce water consumption by 36% and fertilizer by 16%. Under the condition of drip fertigation,besides the Vc content of fruit,the interaction of water and fertilizers have a very significant impact on the rest of the quality indicators; under W1 and W2 irrigation levels,with the increasing of fertilizer amount,the longitudinal and single grain weight of the fruit increased firstly and then decreased; under the same irrigation level,the fruit shape index and the color index of red grape fruit( CIRG) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount.With the increasing of irrigation quantity,the fruit diameter as a whole showed the trend firstly increased and then decreased,reaching the maximum at W2 F3 treatment. At the same irrigation level,soluble solid,soluble sugar,ratio of solid to acid,ratio of sugar to acid and titratable acid all showed completely opposite changes with the increasing of the fertilizer amount. The influence on Vc content of grape fruit was not significant with the change of irrigation quantity,fertilizer amount and interaction between water and fertilizer. Through the principal component analysis of the fruit quality of different treatments,concluding that the optimum comprehensive quality of grape can be obtained when drip irrigation treatment W2 F3,irrigation quantity 3 045 m3/hm2,fertilization amount 750 kg/hm2.
引文
[1]邱德玉,罗永华.不同灌溉制度对设施葡萄水分利用效率及产量的影响[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(4):232-235,240.
[2]李中华,王国占,齐飞.我国设施农业发展现状及发展思路[J].中国农机化,2012,(1):7-10.
[3]刘洁,万仲武,曹兵,等.不同滴灌水肥处理对灵武长枣果实品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2014,(8):25-28.
[4]邓浩亮,孔维萍,张恒嘉,等.不同生育期调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄耗水及果实品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1 196-1 205.
[5]朱洁,刘学军,陆立国,等.宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄滴灌水肥一体化试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2016,(8):76-81,85.
[6]殷飞,黄金林,胡宇祥,等.不同灌水量对大棚葡萄生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(5):85-88.
[7]黄英,安进强,张芮,等.水肥调控对设施延后栽培葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):191-195,202.
[8]施明,朱英,司海丽,等.灌溉对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013,(10):1-3.
[9]公丽艳,孟宪军,刘乃侨,等.基于主成分与聚类分析的苹果加工品质评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):276-285.
[10]白世践,李超,王爱玲,等.吐鲁番地区无核葡萄主要品质性状因子分析与综合评价[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(1):92-102.
[11]仇占南,张茹阳,彭明朗,等.北京野生软枣猕猴桃果实品质综合评价体系[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):45-53.
[12]汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]卢彩玉,黄春辉,郑小艳,等.根域限制对巨玫瑰葡萄果实外观、色素及内在品质的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):719-724.
[14]杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):10-17.
[15]王锐,孙权,郭洁,等.不同灌溉及施肥方式对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):123-127.
[16]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[17]李磊,纪立东,王锐,等.灌溉管理措施对贺兰山东麓半干旱区酿酒葡萄的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(12):7-11.
[18]王海龙,杨江山,常永义.灌溉量对设施延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄生理生化特性及品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(4):85-89.
[19]郑睿,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):133-141.
[2]李中华,王国占,齐飞.我国设施农业发展现状及发展思路[J].中国农机化,2012,(1):7-10.
[3]刘洁,万仲武,曹兵,等.不同滴灌水肥处理对灵武长枣果实品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2014,(8):25-28.
[4]邓浩亮,孔维萍,张恒嘉,等.不同生育期调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄耗水及果实品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1 196-1 205.
[5]朱洁,刘学军,陆立国,等.宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄滴灌水肥一体化试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2016,(8):76-81,85.
[6]殷飞,黄金林,胡宇祥,等.不同灌水量对大棚葡萄生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(5):85-88.
[7]黄英,安进强,张芮,等.水肥调控对设施延后栽培葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):191-195,202.
[8]施明,朱英,司海丽,等.灌溉对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013,(10):1-3.
[9]公丽艳,孟宪军,刘乃侨,等.基于主成分与聚类分析的苹果加工品质评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):276-285.
[10]白世践,李超,王爱玲,等.吐鲁番地区无核葡萄主要品质性状因子分析与综合评价[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(1):92-102.
[11]仇占南,张茹阳,彭明朗,等.北京野生软枣猕猴桃果实品质综合评价体系[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):45-53.
[12]汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]卢彩玉,黄春辉,郑小艳,等.根域限制对巨玫瑰葡萄果实外观、色素及内在品质的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):719-724.
[14]杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):10-17.
[15]王锐,孙权,郭洁,等.不同灌溉及施肥方式对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):123-127.
[16]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[17]李磊,纪立东,王锐,等.灌溉管理措施对贺兰山东麓半干旱区酿酒葡萄的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(12):7-11.
[18]王海龙,杨江山,常永义.灌溉量对设施延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄生理生化特性及品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(4):85-89.
[19]郑睿,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):133-141.