壁式连采连充保水采煤条件下隔水层与地表变形特征
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摘要
针对传统长壁式充填开采存在的充填与开采相互制约,有效充填空间不足等问题,提出了壁式连采连充保水采煤方法。首先将整个开采块段按照长壁系统设计运煤、运料及通风系统。此后,将块段内的采场巷道(宽巷)划分为若干开采阶段,在开采阶段内对采场巷道进行跳采式开采。每条采场巷道开采完毕,然后对其进行充填,直到开采并充填完阶段内的所有采场巷道,再进行下一阶段采场巷道的开采和充填,最终实现保水采煤。采用实验室物理模拟研究壁式连采连充"采充并行"保水采煤条件下的隔水层与地表变形特征,并进行了现场工业性试验。研究结果表明,所有阶段开采充填完毕后,隔水层的水平变形最大值小于2～3mm/m,隔水层仍具有隔水能力,可以实现保水采煤。在块段采出率超过90%的条件下,地表变形指标的最大值均小于国家规定的建筑物Ⅰ级损坏等级指标。
In order to solve the issues in traditional longwall ?filling while mining? method, e.g. the shortage of filling space and the difficulty in coordination between coal mining and filling operation, the continuous mining and filling with wall system for water conservation were put forward. First, the whole mining section is divided into three systems of carrying coal, carrying materials and ventilation. Then all the roadway in mining block is divided into several mining stages, and interval mining is adopted in each mining stage. When each roadway is completed, it is filled immediately until all the roadway in the mining stage is mined and filled. The roadway in next stage will then be mined and filled, ultimately achieving the water-preserved mining. Meanwhile, the aquiclude and surface deformation in continuous mining and backfilling is studied by laboratory physical simulation and field tests. Results show that the maximum aquiclude deformation is less than 2～3 mm/m after the mining and filling at all stages. The aquiclude is still waterproof, therefore, the water-preserved mining is realized. When the recovery rate of block is more than 90%, the maximum value of surface deformation is less than the Grade I damage index.
In order to solve the issues in traditional longwall ?filling while mining? method, e.g. the shortage of filling space and the difficulty in coordination between coal mining and filling operation, the continuous mining and filling with wall system for water conservation were put forward. First, the whole mining section is divided into three systems of carrying coal, carrying materials and ventilation. Then all the roadway in mining block is divided into several mining stages, and interval mining is adopted in each mining stage. When each roadway is completed, it is filled immediately until all the roadway in the mining stage is mined and filled. The roadway in next stage will then be mined and filled, ultimately achieving the water-preserved mining. Meanwhile, the aquiclude and surface deformation in continuous mining and backfilling is studied by laboratory physical simulation and field tests. Results show that the maximum aquiclude deformation is less than 2～3 mm/m after the mining and filling at all stages. The aquiclude is still waterproof, therefore, the water-preserved mining is realized. When the recovery rate of block is more than 90%, the maximum value of surface deformation is less than the Grade I damage index.
引文
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[15]ZHOU Nan,LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,et al.Roadway backfill method to prevent geohazards induced by room and pillar mining:a case study in Changxing coal mine,China[J].Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences,2016,16(12):2473-2484.
[16]ZHANG Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,HUANG Yanli,et al.Backfilling technology and strata behaviors in fully mechanized coal mining working face[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(2):151-157.
[17]郭广礼,王悦汉,马占国.煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):150-153.GUO Guangli,WANG Yuehan,MA Zhanguo.A New method for ground subsidence control in coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):150-153.
[18]查剑锋.矸石充填开采沉陷控制基础问题研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.
[19]郭文兵,侯泉林,邹友峰.建(构)筑物下条带式旺格维利采煤技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(4):8-12.GUO Wenbing,HOU Quanlin,ZOU Youfeng.Study on strip type Wongawilli coal mining technology under buildings[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(4):8-12.
[20]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Water-preserved mining with the method named“filling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[21]刘鹏亮.刀柱充填工作面采充间隔宽度及充填体强度指标[J].煤矿开采,2013,18(6):70-73.LIU Pengliang.Gap distance between mining and stowing and stowing body?s strength index in pillar stowing mining face[J].Coal Mining Technology,2013,18(6):70-73.
[22]MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,JING Shengguo,et al.Numerical simulation analysis by solid-liquid coupling with 3DEC of dynamic water crannies in overlying strata[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2008,18(3):347-352.
[23]马立强,孙海,王飞,等.浅埋煤层长壁工作面保水开采地表水位变化分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):232-235.MA Liqiang,SUN Hai,WANG Fei,et al.Analysis of the ground water level change of aquifer-protective mining in longwall coalface for shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):232-235.
[24]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[2]张东升,刘洪林,范钢伟,等.新疆大型煤炭基地科学采矿的内涵与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):1-6.ZHANG Dongsheng,LIU Honglin,FAN Gangwei,et al.Connotation and prospection on scientific mining of large Xinjiang coal base[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):1-6.
[3]郭文兵,杨达明,谭毅,等.薄基岩厚松散层下充填保水开采安全性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):106-111.GUO Wenbing,YANG Daming,TAN Yi,et al.Study on safety of overlying strata by backfilling in water-preserved mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):106-111.
[4]MA Liqiang,DU Xun,WANG Fei,et al.Water-preserved mining technology for shallow buried coal seam in ecologically-vulnerable coal field:a case study in the Shendong coal field of China[J].Disaster Advances,2013,6(5):268-278.
[5]MA Liqiang,CAO Xinqi,LIU Quan,et al.Simulation study on water-preserved mining in multi-excavation disturbed zone in close-distance seams[J].Environmental Engineering and Management Journal,2013,12(9):1849-1853.
[6]WANG Ailong,MA Liqiang,WANG Zhongwei,et al.Soil and water conservation in mining area based on ground surface subsidence control:development of a high-water swelling material and its application in backfilling mining[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(9):779-811.
[7]马立强,张东升,董正筑.隔水层裂隙演变机理与过程研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):340-344.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,DONG Zhengzhu.Evolution mechanism and process of aquiclude fissures[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):340-344.
[8]许家林,轩大洋,朱卫兵,等.部分充填采煤技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1303-1312.XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,ZHU Weibing,et al.Study and application of coal mining with partial backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1303-1312.
[9]缪协兴,张吉雄,郭广礼.综合机械化固体充填采煤方法与技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):1-6.MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong,GUO Guangli.Study on waste-filling method and technology in fully-mechanized coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):1-6.
[10]KRUPNIK L A,SHAPOSHNIK Y N,SHAPOSHNIK SN,et al.Backfilling technology in Kazakhstan mines[J].Journal of Mining Science,2013,49(1):82-89.
[11]张吉雄,缪协兴.煤矿矸石井下处理的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):197-200.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing.Underground disposal of waste in coal mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):197-200.
[12]张吉雄,缪协兴,郭广礼.矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术发展现状[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):395-401.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,GUO Guangli.Development status of backfilling technology using raw waste in coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):395-401.
[13]TRUEMAN R,LYMAN G,COCKER A.Longwall roof control through a fundamental understanding of shieldstrata interaction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(2):371-380.
[14]ZHANG Jixiong,SUN Qiang,ZHOU Nan,et al.Research and application of roadway backfill coal mining technology in western coal mining area[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(10):558-568.
[15]ZHOU Nan,LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,et al.Roadway backfill method to prevent geohazards induced by room and pillar mining:a case study in Changxing coal mine,China[J].Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences,2016,16(12):2473-2484.
[16]ZHANG Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,HUANG Yanli,et al.Backfilling technology and strata behaviors in fully mechanized coal mining working face[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(2):151-157.
[17]郭广礼,王悦汉,马占国.煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):150-153.GUO Guangli,WANG Yuehan,MA Zhanguo.A New method for ground subsidence control in coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):150-153.
[18]查剑锋.矸石充填开采沉陷控制基础问题研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.
[19]郭文兵,侯泉林,邹友峰.建(构)筑物下条带式旺格维利采煤技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(4):8-12.GUO Wenbing,HOU Quanlin,ZOU Youfeng.Study on strip type Wongawilli coal mining technology under buildings[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(4):8-12.
[20]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Water-preserved mining with the method named“filling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[21]刘鹏亮.刀柱充填工作面采充间隔宽度及充填体强度指标[J].煤矿开采,2013,18(6):70-73.LIU Pengliang.Gap distance between mining and stowing and stowing body?s strength index in pillar stowing mining face[J].Coal Mining Technology,2013,18(6):70-73.
[22]MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,JING Shengguo,et al.Numerical simulation analysis by solid-liquid coupling with 3DEC of dynamic water crannies in overlying strata[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2008,18(3):347-352.
[23]马立强,孙海,王飞,等.浅埋煤层长壁工作面保水开采地表水位变化分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):232-235.MA Liqiang,SUN Hai,WANG Fei,et al.Analysis of the ground water level change of aquifer-protective mining in longwall coalface for shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):232-235.
[24]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
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