油浸式配电变压器分布式热路模型
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摘要
变压器运行时的热点温度与其绝缘寿命息息相关,是变压器负载最关键的限制因素。为此以配电变压器的散热结构为基础,将变压器油看作绕组的外界环境重点关注绕组层间的散热过程,从而建立了油浸式配电变压器的分布式热路模型。通过该模型可计算出热点温度,获取热点位置。并以100、315和400kVA柱式变压器的相关参数为依据,对所建模型的准确性进行了校验。在额定运行条件下,模型计算结果与变压器温升试验报告中实测的绕组平均温升间的偏差在5%以内,验证了模型的准确性。负载导则法计算出的热点温度略高于模型计算值,而负载导则法留有一定裕度,因此对比结果进一步验证了模型的有效性。模型计算结果表明靠近铁芯与靠近油流的绕组温度较低,中间层绕组温度较高;额定运行条件下不同层绕组的最大温差可达10℃以上。
The hot spot temperature is closely related to the insulation life of transformer and is the most critical limiting factor for transformer loads. Consequently, we established a distributed thermal circuit model of oil-immersed distribution transformers based on the real heat dissipation structure of transformer. In the model, the transformer oil is regarded as the external environment of the windings and the heat dissipation process between the winding layers is mainly focused on.Therefore, both of the temperature and position of the hot spot can be obtained through the model. And the accuracy of the model is verified based on the parameters of the 100 kVA, 315 kVA, and 400 kVA pole-mounted transformers. In the rated operating conditions, the difference between model outputs and the measured average temperature rise of the windings obtained through the temperature-rising test report is small, which has proved the accuracy of the model. What is more, the hot spot calculation results of the model are slightly lower than the calculating values of the load guidance method. The comparison results further verify the effectiveness of the model for a certain margin exists in the load guidance method. The model outputs reveal that the temperature of the winding near the core and close to the oil flow is lower than that in the middle layer and the maximum temperature difference between the different layer winding can reach10 ℃ in the rated operating conditions.
The hot spot temperature is closely related to the insulation life of transformer and is the most critical limiting factor for transformer loads. Consequently, we established a distributed thermal circuit model of oil-immersed distribution transformers based on the real heat dissipation structure of transformer. In the model, the transformer oil is regarded as the external environment of the windings and the heat dissipation process between the winding layers is mainly focused on.Therefore, both of the temperature and position of the hot spot can be obtained through the model. And the accuracy of the model is verified based on the parameters of the 100 kVA, 315 kVA, and 400 kVA pole-mounted transformers. In the rated operating conditions, the difference between model outputs and the measured average temperature rise of the windings obtained through the temperature-rising test report is small, which has proved the accuracy of the model. What is more, the hot spot calculation results of the model are slightly lower than the calculating values of the load guidance method. The comparison results further verify the effectiveness of the model for a certain margin exists in the load guidance method. The model outputs reveal that the temperature of the winding near the core and close to the oil flow is lower than that in the middle layer and the maximum temperature difference between the different layer winding can reach10 ℃ in the rated operating conditions.
引文
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[13]路长柏,朱英浩.电力变压器计算[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1986.LU Changbai, ZHU yinghao. The calculation of power transformer[M].Harbin, China:Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, 1986.
[14]杨祥江,蔡定国,唐金权.参考温度下配电变压器负载损耗计算[J].变压器,2015,52(6):6-8.YANG Xiangjiang, CAI Dingguo, TANG Jinquan. Load loss calcula-tionofdistributiontransformerunderreferencetemperature[J].Transformer, 2015, 52(6):6-8.
[15]杨世铭,陶文栓.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.YANG Shiming, TAO Wenshuan. Heat transfer[M]. Beijing, China:Higher Education Press, 2006.
[16]姚志松,姚磊.新型配电变压器结构、原理和应用:新型配电变压器结构原理和应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.YAO Zhisong, YAO Lei. New distribution transformer structure, prin-cipleandapplication:structureprincipleandapplicationofnewdistributiontransformer[M].Beijing,China:MechanicalIndustryPress, 2007.
[17]PIERCE L W. An investigation of the thermal performance of an oilfilled transformer winding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992, 73(3):1347-1358.
[2]IEEEguideforloadingmineral-oil-immersedpowertransformers:IEEE C57.91-1995[S], 1995.
[3]高萌,张乔根,丁玉琴,等.油浸纸绝缘热致气泡形成特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(11):3634-3640.GAO Meng, ZHANG Qiaogen, DING Yuqin, et al. Characteristics ofthermal-inducedbubbleformationinoil-impregnatedpaperinsula-tion[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(11):3634-3640.
[4]SWIFTG,MOLINSKITS,LEHNW.Afundamentalapproachtotransformerthermalmodeling.I.theoryandequivalentcircuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001, 16(2):171-175.
[5]SWIFT G, MOLINSKI T S, BRAY R, et al. A fundamental approach totransformer thermal modeling. II. field verification[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery, 2001, 16(2):176-180.
[6]SWIFT G. Adaptive transformer thermal overload protection[J]. IEEEPower Engineering Review, 2001, 21(8):60-60.
[7]SUSA D, LEHTONEN M, NORDMAN H. Dynamic thermal model-ing of power transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005, 20(1):197-204.
[8]SUSAD,LEHTONENM.Dynamicthermalmodelingofpowertransformers:furtherDevelopment-partI[J].IEEETransactionsonPower Delivery, 2006, 21(4):1961-1970.
[9]SUSAD,LEHTONENM.Dynamicthermalmodelingofpowertransformers:furtherdevelopment-partII[J].IEEETransactionsonPower Delivery, 2006, 21(4):1971-1980.
[10]王丰华,周翔,高沛,等.基于绕组热分布的改进油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(3):895-901.WANGFenghua,ZHOUXiang,GAOPei,etal.Improvedthermalcircuitmodelofhotspottemperatureinoil-immersedtransformersbasedonheatdistributionofwinding[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2015, 41(3):895-901.
[11]李剑,刘兴鹏,王有元,等.以箱壁温度为判据的油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算模型及试验分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(10):2344-2349.LIJian,LIUXingpeng,WANGYouyuan,etal.Modelofhotspottemperatureinoil-immersedtransformersusingtemperatureestima-tionoftankwall[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2011,37(10):2344-2349.
[12]江淘莎,李剑,陈伟根,等.油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算的热路模型[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1635-1640.JIANG Taosha, LI Jian, CHEN Weigen, et al. Thermal model for hotspottemperaturecalculationinoil-immersedtransformers[J].HighVoltage Engineering, 2009, 35(7):1635-1640.
[13]路长柏,朱英浩.电力变压器计算[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1986.LU Changbai, ZHU yinghao. The calculation of power transformer[M].Harbin, China:Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, 1986.
[14]杨祥江,蔡定国,唐金权.参考温度下配电变压器负载损耗计算[J].变压器,2015,52(6):6-8.YANG Xiangjiang, CAI Dingguo, TANG Jinquan. Load loss calcula-tionofdistributiontransformerunderreferencetemperature[J].Transformer, 2015, 52(6):6-8.
[15]杨世铭,陶文栓.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.YANG Shiming, TAO Wenshuan. Heat transfer[M]. Beijing, China:Higher Education Press, 2006.
[16]姚志松,姚磊.新型配电变压器结构、原理和应用:新型配电变压器结构原理和应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.YAO Zhisong, YAO Lei. New distribution transformer structure, prin-cipleandapplication:structureprincipleandapplicationofnewdistributiontransformer[M].Beijing,China:MechanicalIndustryPress, 2007.
[17]PIERCE L W. An investigation of the thermal performance of an oilfilled transformer winding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992, 73(3):1347-1358.