主观社会阶层和负性情绪对医患信任的影响:一个有调节的中介模型
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摘要
采用2 (主观社会阶层:高阶层,低阶层)×2 (医疗情境:负面情境,模棱两可情境)的被试间设计,探讨医疗情境和主观社会阶层对医患信任的影响机制。结果表明:1.医疗情境和主观社会阶层对医患信任水平感知均产生显著性差异,且二者交互效应显著,高阶层者在负面情境中的医患信任水平高于低阶层者处于模棱两可情境;2.医患社会情绪在医疗情境对医患信任水平的影响中起部分中介作用;3.主观社会阶层在中介模型中的前半路径起调节作用;4.主观社会阶层越高,医疗情境对医患信任的影响越小,且医患社会情绪的中介作用也越弱。
The design of the subjects of 2(subjective social class:high class and low class) × 2(medical situation:negative situation and ambiguous situation)was used to investigate the influence mechanism of medical situation and subjective social class on the trust of doctors and patients.The results show that:1)Medical situation and subjective social class have significant differences in the perception of the trust level of doctors and patients,and the interaction effect between them is significant.The highclass individuals in the negative situation perceive the higher level of perceives trust in doctors and patients than the low-class individuals in ambiguous situation;2)Social emotions of doctors and patients are a partial mediator between medical situation and doctor-patient trust;3)The first stage of the mediation path is moderated by subjective social class;4)The higher subjective social class,the smaller impact of medical situations on the trust of doctors and patients,and the weaker mediating role of social emotions of doctor-patient.
The design of the subjects of 2(subjective social class:high class and low class) × 2(medical situation:negative situation and ambiguous situation)was used to investigate the influence mechanism of medical situation and subjective social class on the trust of doctors and patients.The results show that:1)Medical situation and subjective social class have significant differences in the perception of the trust level of doctors and patients,and the interaction effect between them is significant.The highclass individuals in the negative situation perceive the higher level of perceives trust in doctors and patients than the low-class individuals in ambiguous situation;2)Social emotions of doctors and patients are a partial mediator between medical situation and doctor-patient trust;3)The first stage of the mediation path is moderated by subjective social class;4)The higher subjective social class,the smaller impact of medical situations on the trust of doctors and patients,and the weaker mediating role of social emotions of doctor-patient.
引文
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[2]Kraus,M.W.,Piff,P.K.,Mendoza-Denton,R.,Rheinschmidt,M.L.,&Keltner,D.Social class,solipsism,and contextualism:how the rich are different from the poor.Psychological Review,2012,119(3):546-572.
[3]管健.低社会阶层的社会心理与行为倾向——基于积极和消极视角[J].南京师大学报(社会科学版),2016,(6).
[4]丁如一,王飞雪,牛端,李炳洁.高确定性情绪(开心、愤怒)与低确定性情绪(悲伤)对信任的影响[J].心理科学,2014,(5).
[5]何晓丽,王振宏,王克静.积极情绪对人际信任影响的线索效应[J].心理学报,2011,(12).
[6]David A.K.,Amanda S.,Elaine M.B,&Jeffrey T.H.Interpersonal sensitivity,status,and stereotype accuracy.Psychological Science,2010,21(12):1735-1739.
[7]Stellar,J.E.,Manzo,V.M.,Kraus,M.W.,&Keltner,D.Class and compassion:socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering.Emotion,2012,12(3):449-459.
[8]谢铮,邱泽奇,张拓红.患者因素如何影响医方对医患关系的看法[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2009,(2).
[9]Chen,E.,&Matthews,K.A.Cognitive appraisal biases:an approach to understanding the relation between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity in children.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2001,23(2):101-111.
[10]吕小康,汪新建,张慧娟,刘颖,张曜,王骥.中国医患社会心态问卷的初步编制与信效度检验[J].心理学探新,2019,(1).
[11]Adler,N.E.,Epel,E.S.,Castellazzo,G.,&Ickovics,J.R.Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning:preliminary data in healthy white women.Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association,2000,19(6):586-592.
[12]温忠麟,叶宝娟.有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补[J].心理学报,2014,(5).
[13]刘宏眉,杨晓枫,杨军,李雪锋.医疗纠纷对医师防御性医疗行为影响的研究[J].现代医院管理,2016,(6).
[14]黄静,童泽林,张友恒,张晓娟.负面情绪和说服策略对品牌关系再续意愿的影响[J].心理学报,2012,(8).