1982—2013年内蒙古地区干旱变化及植被响应
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摘要
基于1982—2013年内蒙古地区41个站点的气象数据和GIMMS遥感数据,以标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)表征干旱状况,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)表征植被状况,对内蒙古地区干旱和植被的时空变化特征进行分析,探讨植被对干旱变化的响应。结果表明,(1)1982—2013年,内蒙古地区总体呈轻微干旱化趋势,东、中、西部对气候变化的响应具有明显的地域差异,蒙东地区的干旱化趋势较为显著,其次为蒙中地区,蒙西地区干旱有所缓解;32年间,林地和草地的SPEI均呈下降趋势,耕地的SPEI值变化不明显。(2)全区NDVI值在空间上呈东高西低的分布特征,东、中、西部的年均NDVI值均呈增长的趋势,其中蒙西地区增速较快;蒙中和蒙西地区NDVI值上升面积均超过50%,蒙东地区NDVI的下降面积超过50%;耕地NDVI上升面积达到77.77%,草地上升面积为56.74%,林地略有下降。(3)不同地区植被状况与干旱状况相关性存在差异,蒙中地区相关系数最大,蒙东次之,蒙西最小;不同时段植被对干旱的响应程度不同,三地植被均表现为对4～5月干旱响应较弱,对6～9月的干旱响应较强。
The characteristics of drought evolution between 1982 and 2013 in Inner Mongolia were studied using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) calculated based on daily meteorological data from 41 meteorological stations. What's more, a time series data set(1982—2013) of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was used to assess the spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation. We also explored the relationship between drought and vegetation condition. The resultsof this study are:(1) During the period of 1982 and 2013, the entire Inner Mongolia had a slight drought trend, while the three sub-regions of Inner Mongolia showed different responses to climate change. The drought trend was relatively significant in the east of Inner Mongolia, and not obvious in the middle of Inner Mongolia, while drought condition in the west of Inner Mongolia was relieved. The SPEI value in forest and grassland had a decreasing trend, and the SPEI in farm land remained stable.(2) The distribution pattern of NDVI was high in the east and low in the west. The NDVI of three sub-regions in Inner Mongolia all had an increasing trend, while that in the west part increased the fastest. The area with increasing NDVI in the middle and west of Inner Mongolia exceeded 50%. The area with increasing NDVI of crop land made up 77.77%, and the grassland was 56.74%, while the forest showed a decreasing trend.(3) The relationship between vegetation and drought in different regions of Inner Mongolia was different. Correlation coefficient in the middle part was the highest, followed by that in the east part, while that in the west part was the lowest. The response of vegetation to drought in different periods was different, which was weak from April to May, and strong from June to September.
The characteristics of drought evolution between 1982 and 2013 in Inner Mongolia were studied using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) calculated based on daily meteorological data from 41 meteorological stations. What's more, a time series data set(1982—2013) of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was used to assess the spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation. We also explored the relationship between drought and vegetation condition. The resultsof this study are:(1) During the period of 1982 and 2013, the entire Inner Mongolia had a slight drought trend, while the three sub-regions of Inner Mongolia showed different responses to climate change. The drought trend was relatively significant in the east of Inner Mongolia, and not obvious in the middle of Inner Mongolia, while drought condition in the west of Inner Mongolia was relieved. The SPEI value in forest and grassland had a decreasing trend, and the SPEI in farm land remained stable.(2) The distribution pattern of NDVI was high in the east and low in the west. The NDVI of three sub-regions in Inner Mongolia all had an increasing trend, while that in the west part increased the fastest. The area with increasing NDVI in the middle and west of Inner Mongolia exceeded 50%. The area with increasing NDVI of crop land made up 77.77%, and the grassland was 56.74%, while the forest showed a decreasing trend.(3) The relationship between vegetation and drought in different regions of Inner Mongolia was different. Correlation coefficient in the middle part was the highest, followed by that in the east part, while that in the west part was the lowest. The response of vegetation to drought in different periods was different, which was weak from April to May, and strong from June to September.
引文
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[16] 朱新玉. 基于SPEI的豫东地区近50年干旱演变特征[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2015, 24(4): 128-137.ZHU Xinyu. The variation in the characteristics of drought in east Henan Province over a 50-year period based on standaradzed precipitation evapotranspiration index[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2015, 24(4): 128-137. (in Chinese)
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[18] 沙莎, 王勇, 沈新勇, 等. 基于SPEI指数的东北春旱频率变化及突变成因分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2017, 26(4): 180-190. SHA Sha, WANG Yong, SHEN Xinyong, et al. Analysis of frequency variation and causes of mutation change about spring drought over Northeast region of China[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2017, 26(4): 180-190. (in Chinese)
[19] 代海燕, 杨丽萍, 武艳娟, 等. 两种干湿气候类型评价方法在内蒙古地区应用比较[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1095-1102.DAI Haiyan, YANG Liping, WU Yanjuan, et al. Two kinds of dry and wet climate type evaluation method application in the Inner Mongilia region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(6): 1095-1102. (in Chinese)
[20] 杨舒畅. 基于标准化降水指数的内蒙古地区干旱特征分析[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2017.YANG Shuchang. Analysis of drought based on standardized precipitation index in Inner Mongolia area[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2017.
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[22] 周丹, 张勃, 罗静, 等. 基于SPEI的华北地区近50年干旱发生强度的特征及成因分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(4): 192-202.ZHOU Dan, ZHANG Bo,LUO Jing, et al. SPEI-based intensity characteristics and cause analysis of drought in north China during recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(4): 192-202. (in Chinese)
[23] 张丽花, 延军平, 陈利民. 近52年山西暴雨气候变化特征分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(4): 142-148. ZHANG Lihua, YAN Junping, CHEN Limin. Characteristic analysis of rainstorm climate change in Shanxi Province during recent 52 years[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(4): 142-148. (in Chinese)
[24] 内蒙古水资源公报[R]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古水利厅, 2000-2016.Inner Mongoliawater resources bulletin[R]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Water Resources Department, 2000-2016.
[25] 穆少杰, 李建龙, 陈奕兆, 等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(9): 1255-1268.MU Shaojie, LI Jianlong, CHEN Yizhao. Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001—2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinca, 2012, 67(9): 1255-1268. (in Chinese)
[26] 缪丽娟, 蒋冲, 何斌, 等. 近10年来蒙古高原植被覆盖变化对气候的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(5): 1295-1301.MIAO Lijuan, JIANG Chong, HE Bin, et al. Response of vegetation coverage to climate change in Mongolian Plateau during recent 10 years[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinca, 2014, 34(5): 1295-1301. (in Chinese)
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[2] Rohli R V, Bushra N, Lam N S, et al. Drought indices as drought predictors in the south-central USA[J]. Natural Hazards, 2016, 83(3): 1567-1582.
[3] IPCC. Climate Change 2013: The physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Z]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[4] Huang Li, Y, M Ran J J, Ji. Dryland expansion in northern China from 1948 to 2008[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, 32(6): 870-876.
[5] Huang J, Zhang W, Zuo J, Bi J, et al. An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, 25(6): 906-921.
[6] 杨思遥, 孟丹, 李小娟, 等. 华北地区2001—2014年植被变化对SPEI气象干旱指数多尺度的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(3): 1028-1039.YANG Siyao, MENG Dan, LI Xiaojuan, et al. Multi-scale responses of vegetation changes relative to the SPEI meteorological drought index in North China in 2001—2014[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(3): 1028-1039. (in Chinese)
[7] 刘斌, 孙艳玲, 王中良, 等. 华北地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因子的相对作用分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(1): 12-23.LIU Bin, SUN Yanling, WANG Zhongliang, et al. Analysis of the vegetation cover change and the relative role of its influencing factors in north China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(1): 12-23. (in Chinese)
[8] 韦振锋, 王德光, 张翀, 等. 1999—2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(6): 1665-1670. WEI Zhenfeng, WANG Deguang, ZHANG Chong, et al. Response of vegetation cover to climate change and human activities in Northwest China during 1999—2010[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(6): 1665-1670. (in Chinese)
[9] 侯光良, 肖景义, 李生梅. 基于气候变化的干旱脆弱性评价——以青海东部为例[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(2): 163-168. HOU Guangliang, XIAO Jingyi, LI Shengmei. Vulnerability assessment of drought based on climate change: a case study of eastern Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2012, 21(2): 163-168. (in Chinese)
[10] 侯琼, 郭瑞清, 杨丽桃. 内蒙古气候变化及其对主要农作物的影响. 中国农业气象, 2009, 30(4): 560-564.HOU Qiong, GUO Ruiqing, YANG Litao. Climate change and its impact on main crops in Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2009, 30(4): 560-564. (in Chinese)
[11] 包云, 李晓兵, 李超, 等. 1961—2007年内蒙古气温时空变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(12): 80-84.BAO Yun, LI Xiaobing, LI Chao, et al. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of temperature in Inner Mongolia during 1961—2007[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2010, 24(12): 80-84. (in Chinese)
[12] 蒋春宇, 张圣微, 赵鸿彬, 等. 内蒙古地区近50年气温时空变化研究[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2014, 35(3): 69-80.JIANG Chunyu, ZHANG Shengwei, ZHAO Hongbin, et al. Studies on temporal and spatial variation of temperature in inner Mongolia in recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University: Natural Science Edition, 2014, 35(3): 69-80. (in Chinese)
[13] 周扬, 李宁, 吉中会, 等. 基于SPI指数的1981—2010年内蒙古地区干旱时空分布特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(10): 1694-1706.ZHOU Yang, LI Ning, JI Zhonghui, et al. Temporal and spatial patterns of droughts based on standard precipitation index(SPI) in inner monglia during 1981—2010[J]. Journal of Natural Resources 2013, 28(10): 1694-1706. (in Chinese)
[14] 那音太. 基于SPI指数的近50 a内蒙古地区干旱特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29(5): 161-166. NA Yintai. Drought characteristics in Inner Mongolia based on the SPI index in the last 50 years[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015, 29(5): 161-166. (in Chinese)
[15] 付丽娟, 曹杰, 德勒格日玛. 三种气象干旱指标在内蒙古地区的适用性分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(2): 108-113. FU Lijuan, CAO Jie, Delegerima. Applicability of three drought indexes in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013, 27(2): 108-113. (in Chinese)
[16] 朱新玉. 基于SPEI的豫东地区近50年干旱演变特征[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2015, 24(4): 128-137.ZHU Xinyu. The variation in the characteristics of drought in east Henan Province over a 50-year period based on standaradzed precipitation evapotranspiration index[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2015, 24(4): 128-137. (in Chinese)
[17] 李伟光, 侯美亭, 陈汇林, 等. 基于标准化降水蒸散指数的华南干旱趋势研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(4): 84-90. LI Weiguang, HOU Meiting, CHEN Huilin, et al. Study on drought trend in south China based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2012, 21(4): 84-90. (in Chinese)
[18] 沙莎, 王勇, 沈新勇, 等. 基于SPEI指数的东北春旱频率变化及突变成因分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2017, 26(4): 180-190. SHA Sha, WANG Yong, SHEN Xinyong, et al. Analysis of frequency variation and causes of mutation change about spring drought over Northeast region of China[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2017, 26(4): 180-190. (in Chinese)
[19] 代海燕, 杨丽萍, 武艳娟, 等. 两种干湿气候类型评价方法在内蒙古地区应用比较[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1095-1102.DAI Haiyan, YANG Liping, WU Yanjuan, et al. Two kinds of dry and wet climate type evaluation method application in the Inner Mongilia region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(6): 1095-1102. (in Chinese)
[20] 杨舒畅. 基于标准化降水指数的内蒙古地区干旱特征分析[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2017.YANG Shuchang. Analysis of drought based on standardized precipitation index in Inner Mongolia area[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2017.
[21] 中国气象局预测减灾司, 国家气象中心. 中国气象地理区划手册[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006.Department of forecasting and mitigation, China Meteorological Administration,National Meteorological Center. Manual of Chinese meteorological geography division[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2006.
[22] 周丹, 张勃, 罗静, 等. 基于SPEI的华北地区近50年干旱发生强度的特征及成因分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(4): 192-202.ZHOU Dan, ZHANG Bo,LUO Jing, et al. SPEI-based intensity characteristics and cause analysis of drought in north China during recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(4): 192-202. (in Chinese)
[23] 张丽花, 延军平, 陈利民. 近52年山西暴雨气候变化特征分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(4): 142-148. ZHANG Lihua, YAN Junping, CHEN Limin. Characteristic analysis of rainstorm climate change in Shanxi Province during recent 52 years[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(4): 142-148. (in Chinese)
[24] 内蒙古水资源公报[R]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古水利厅, 2000-2016.Inner Mongoliawater resources bulletin[R]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Water Resources Department, 2000-2016.
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