高浓度甲醇可控汽化传输对DMFC性能的影响
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摘要
被动式直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)要突出高比能的优势必须首先解决高浓度甲醇进料问题。近年来,基于渗透蒸发膜(PVF)的高浓度甲醇进料技术备受关注,但PVF的作用机制和甲醇蒸汽浓度与电池性能之间的关系尚不明确。通过建立的渗透蒸发装置-气相色谱-电池测试系统联用测试方法,实现了甲醇蒸汽浓度的在线监测和可控调节,研究了PVF活化处理时间、温度、液体甲醇浓度及载气流量对产生的甲醇蒸汽浓度的影响,研究了甲醇蒸汽流量、浓度、水汽含量与DMFC性能之间的关系。结果发现:当总流速50 mL/min、甲醇蒸汽浓度4.35×10~(-3)mol/L、水蒸气含量12.22%时,DMFC性能最佳,其最大功率密度可达32.8 mW/cm~2;在室温下40 mA/cm~2恒流放电128 h后电压仍维持在约310 mV,良好的稳定性为被动式DMFC的可靠运行奠定了基础。
To ensure the advantage of high energy density for passive direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), the key issue is to feed DMFC directly with high concentration methanol. Recently, there is a major breakthrough by using pervaporation film(PVF) to control the methanol feeding. However, it is still unclear about the methanol transfer mechanism and the relationship between the concentration of vapor methanol and the DMFC performance. Herein, an online test system was designed, which included pervaporation device, gas chromatogram and fuel cell test system.The effects of PVF treatment time, temperature, methanol concentration and carrier flow rate on the corresponding gaseous methanol concentration were fully discussed. Afterwards, the relationship between the vapor fuel(such as the flow rate, methanol concentration and water content, etc.) and the DMFC performance was investigated quantitatively. The passive DMFC achieves a maximum power density of 31.3 mW/cm~2, when the total flow rate is 50 mL/min, the concentration of gaseous methanol is 4.35×10~(-3) mol/L, and the water humidity is 12.22%. The DMFC also exhibits good stability even after discharging for 128 h at a current density of 40 mA/cm~2 at room temperature.
To ensure the advantage of high energy density for passive direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), the key issue is to feed DMFC directly with high concentration methanol. Recently, there is a major breakthrough by using pervaporation film(PVF) to control the methanol feeding. However, it is still unclear about the methanol transfer mechanism and the relationship between the concentration of vapor methanol and the DMFC performance. Herein, an online test system was designed, which included pervaporation device, gas chromatogram and fuel cell test system.The effects of PVF treatment time, temperature, methanol concentration and carrier flow rate on the corresponding gaseous methanol concentration were fully discussed. Afterwards, the relationship between the vapor fuel(such as the flow rate, methanol concentration and water content, etc.) and the DMFC performance was investigated quantitatively. The passive DMFC achieves a maximum power density of 31.3 mW/cm~2, when the total flow rate is 50 mL/min, the concentration of gaseous methanol is 4.35×10~(-3) mol/L, and the water humidity is 12.22%. The DMFC also exhibits good stability even after discharging for 128 h at a current density of 40 mA/cm~2 at room temperature.
引文
[1]KAMARUDIN S K,ACHMAD F,DAUD W R W.Overview on the application of direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)for portable electronic devices[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(16):6902-6916.
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[6]赵锋良,孙公权,高妍,等.纯甲醇进料被动式直接甲醇燃料电池[J].电源技术,2007,31(4):301-305.
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[8]ZHANG F,JIANG J,ZHOU Y,et al.A neat methanol fed passive DMFC with a new anode structure[J].Fuel Cells,2017,17(3):315-320.
[9]王路文,张宇峰,何洪,等.使用高浓度甲醇的微型直接甲醇燃料电池[J].光学精密工程,2011,19(9):2079-2084.
[10]徐明媛.空气“自呼吸”式直接甲醇燃料电池关键部件研究[D]上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[11]马建新,衣宝廉,俞红梅,等.PEMFC膜电极组件(MEA)制备方法的评述[J].化学进展,2004,16(5):804-812.
[12]ALVES V D,COELHOSO I M.Mass transfer in osmotic evaporation:Effect of process parameters[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2002,208(1):171-179.
[13]陈志,陈芳蕾,章鹏兴,等.乙醇-水体系渗透汽化分离过程的影响因素[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(2):142-148.
[14]RAVI V,JOSEPH S.Influence of feed vapour fraction on the performance of direct methanol fuel cell[C]//Proceedings of ICACE2015.Singapore:Springer,2017:197-204.
[15]HALIM F A,HASRAN U A,MASDAR M S,et al.Overview on vapor feed direct methanol fuel cell[J].APCBEE Procedia,2012,3:40-45.
[2]张霞,王路文,耿友林,等.微型直接甲醇燃料电池的技术进展与挑战[J].电源技术,2017,41(7):1092-1095.
[3]MUNJEWAR S S,THOMBRE S B,MALLICK R K.Approaches to overcome the barrier issues of passive direct methanol fuel cell:Review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,67:1087-1104.
[4]FENG L,ZHANG J,CAI W,et al.Single passive direct methanol fuel cell supplied with pure methanol[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(5):2750-2753.
[5]ONG B C,KAMARUDIN S K,MASDAR M S,et al.Applications of graphene nano-sheets as anode diffusion layers in passive direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC)[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(14):9252-9261.
[6]赵锋良,孙公权,高妍,等.纯甲醇进料被动式直接甲醇燃料电池[J].电源技术,2007,31(4):301-305.
[7]GUO J,ZHANG H,JIANG J,et al.Development of a self-adaptive direct methanol fuel cell fed with 20 M methanol[J].Fuel Cells,2013,13(6):1018-1023.
[8]ZHANG F,JIANG J,ZHOU Y,et al.A neat methanol fed passive DMFC with a new anode structure[J].Fuel Cells,2017,17(3):315-320.
[9]王路文,张宇峰,何洪,等.使用高浓度甲醇的微型直接甲醇燃料电池[J].光学精密工程,2011,19(9):2079-2084.
[10]徐明媛.空气“自呼吸”式直接甲醇燃料电池关键部件研究[D]上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[11]马建新,衣宝廉,俞红梅,等.PEMFC膜电极组件(MEA)制备方法的评述[J].化学进展,2004,16(5):804-812.
[12]ALVES V D,COELHOSO I M.Mass transfer in osmotic evaporation:Effect of process parameters[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2002,208(1):171-179.
[13]陈志,陈芳蕾,章鹏兴,等.乙醇-水体系渗透汽化分离过程的影响因素[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(2):142-148.
[14]RAVI V,JOSEPH S.Influence of feed vapour fraction on the performance of direct methanol fuel cell[C]//Proceedings of ICACE2015.Singapore:Springer,2017:197-204.
[15]HALIM F A,HASRAN U A,MASDAR M S,et al.Overview on vapor feed direct methanol fuel cell[J].APCBEE Procedia,2012,3:40-45.