不同产地、炮制方法、采收时间的芍药中有效成分含量差异研究进展
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摘要
[目的]综述不同来源芍药中有效成分含量差异的研究进展。[方法]通过总结近10年的相关文献,比较浙江、安徽、河北、山东等地芍药,酒制、炒制、硫磺熏蒸等炮制方法,不同季节和生长年限采收的芍药,以及芍药根的不同部位,从不同产地、炮制方法、采收时间等方面阐明芍药中有效成分的含量差异。[结果]不同产地的芍药中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷含量差异明显。磐安、亳州等地的芍药中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的含量较高。河北产的野生芍药,其芍药苷含量明显高于其他产地,而芍药内酯苷的含量并不高。其他成分的含量在不同产地芍药中的分布各有不同。不同炮制方法会导致芍药中有效成分的含量和种类发生变化,短时间的煎煮可有效提高芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的含量,酒制和炒制会降低芍药苷的含量,硫磺熏蒸则会促使芍药苷转变成芍药苷的磺酸盐,其他成分的含量也有不同程度的减少。与夏季相比,芍药更适合在春秋季采收,且合适的采收时间是在第二次生长之后。根皮可对化学成分的转化和流失起到一定的保护作用。[结论]磐安、亳州等地的芍药中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷含量较高,炮制会使芍药中其他有效成分产生不同程度的减少或转化,合适的采收时间应当在第二次生长之后。对儿茶素、没食子酸等含量的研究相对较少,因此对这些成分的含量差异还有待进一步研究。
[Objective] To review the research progress on the content differences of the active compounds in Paeoniae Radix. [Methods]By summarizing the relevant literatures in recent 10 years, this paper compared the Paeoniae Radix from Zhejiang, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong and other places. And compared Paeoniae Radix with sulfur-fumigated, stir-baking with bran, wine fried and other different processing methods. Also compared the Paeoniae Radix which harvested in different seasons, growing years and different parts of the root. To clarify the content differences of active ingredients in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas, processing methods and collecting time, etc. [Results]The content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas was significantly different, which was higher in Pan'an and Bozhou. The content of paeoniflorin in wild Paeoniae Radix from Hebei Province was significantly higher than that in other areas, but the content of albiflorin was not high.The content of other ingredients in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas was different.Different processing methods will lead to changes in the content and types of effective compounds in Paeoniae Radix. A short time of decoction can effectively improve the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin. The content of paeoniflorin will decrease by stir-baking with bran and wine fried. Sulfur fumigation can promote the transformation of paeoniflorin into the sulfonate of paeoniflorin. And the content of other ingredients also decreases to varying degrees. Compared with summer, Paeoniae Radix is more suitable for spring and autumn harvest. The right time to harvest is after the second growth. The bark of rhizome can protect the conversion and loss of chemical compounds. [Conclusion]The content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Paeoniae Radix in Bozhou and Pan'an are higher than in other places, and processing can reduce or transform other effective compounds in Paeoniae Radix with different degrees. The appropriate time for harvesting should be after the second growth. There are relatively few studies on the content of catechin and gallic acids etc., so the differences in the content of these compounds need to be further studied.
[Objective] To review the research progress on the content differences of the active compounds in Paeoniae Radix. [Methods]By summarizing the relevant literatures in recent 10 years, this paper compared the Paeoniae Radix from Zhejiang, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong and other places. And compared Paeoniae Radix with sulfur-fumigated, stir-baking with bran, wine fried and other different processing methods. Also compared the Paeoniae Radix which harvested in different seasons, growing years and different parts of the root. To clarify the content differences of active ingredients in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas, processing methods and collecting time, etc. [Results]The content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas was significantly different, which was higher in Pan'an and Bozhou. The content of paeoniflorin in wild Paeoniae Radix from Hebei Province was significantly higher than that in other areas, but the content of albiflorin was not high.The content of other ingredients in Paeoniae Radix from different geographical areas was different.Different processing methods will lead to changes in the content and types of effective compounds in Paeoniae Radix. A short time of decoction can effectively improve the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin. The content of paeoniflorin will decrease by stir-baking with bran and wine fried. Sulfur fumigation can promote the transformation of paeoniflorin into the sulfonate of paeoniflorin. And the content of other ingredients also decreases to varying degrees. Compared with summer, Paeoniae Radix is more suitable for spring and autumn harvest. The right time to harvest is after the second growth. The bark of rhizome can protect the conversion and loss of chemical compounds. [Conclusion]The content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Paeoniae Radix in Bozhou and Pan'an are higher than in other places, and processing can reduce or transform other effective compounds in Paeoniae Radix with different degrees. The appropriate time for harvesting should be after the second growth. There are relatively few studies on the content of catechin and gallic acids etc., so the differences in the content of these compounds need to be further studied.
引文
[1] Yang L, Xu S J, Feng Q R, et al. A simple thin-layer chromatographic fingerprint method for distinguishing between Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba[J].J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol, 2009, 32(19):2893.
[2] Li S L,Song J Z, Franky F.K.C,et al. Chemical profiling of Radix Paeoniae evaluated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/photo-diode-array/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal,2009,49:253.
[3]邹华彬,袁浩,王爱武,等.白芍紫外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2007,27(9):1815.
[4] Zhao X F,Sun Y Q.Analysis of Paeoniae Radix by highperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry[J].Anal Sci, 2003, 19:1313.
[5]张琦,王振中,萧伟,等.白芍药材UPLC特征指纹图谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):712.
[6] Zheng Z Y,Cao G,Wu X,et al. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the impact of bran-processing on the chemical profile of Radix Paeoniae Alba(Baishao)[J].Nat Prod Res,2015,29(8):776.
[7]郑敏霞,陈喆,刘培,等.白芍中芍药苷及其衍生物的UPLC-MS/MS分析[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(12):1641.
[8] Rie T, Marina Y, Keiko H, et al. Application of quantitative 1H-NMR method to determination of paeoniflorin in Paeoniae Radix[J]. J Nat Med, 2013, 67:657.
[9]张晓燕.芍药化学研究[D].沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2001:4-7.
[10]何忠梅,孙佳明,张辉,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分析芍药和酒芍药的水溶性化学成分[J].分析化学,2009,37(8):1201.
[11] Xu S J, Yang L, Tian R T, et al. Species differentiation and quality assessment of Radix Paeoniae Rubra(Chishao)by means of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint[J].J Chromatogr A,2009,1216(11):2163.
[12]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:105-158.
[13] Ni Y N, Li B H, Serge Kokot. Discrimination of Radix Paeoniae varieties on the basis of their geographical origin by a novel method combining high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements[J]. Anal Methods,2012,4(12):4326.
[14] Samiuela L, Sheang S. K, James R. H, et al. LC determination of Albiflorin and Paeoniflorin in Baishao(Paeonia lactiflora)as a raw herb and dried aqueous extract[J].J AOAC Int, 2009, 94(4):1027.
[15]赫炎,赵惠东,唐力英,等.白芍饮片质量研究.中国中药杂志[J],2006,31(13):1070.
[16]刘杰,陈琳,范彩荣,等.基于HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS的白芍和赤芍主要成分定性定量研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(9):1762.
[17] Kong M, Liu H H, Xu J, et al. Quantitative evaluation of Radix Paeoniae Alba sulfur-fumigated with different durations and purchased from herbal markets:simultaneous determination of twelve components belonging to three chemical types by improved high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector[J].J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2014, 98:424.
[18]许源,刘培,严辉,等.白芍初加工过程中单萜苷类及多羟基化合物的变化分析[J].中药材,2014,37(5):775.
[19]简在友,俞敬波,王文全,等.芍药不同部位和不同采收期6个化学活性成分含量的比较[J].药学学报,2010,45(1):489.
[20] Kong M, Xu J, Liu H H, et al. Effects of boiling duration in processing of White Paeony Root on its overall quality evaluated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis and high performance liquid chromatography quantification[J].Chin J Nat Med,2017, 15(1):62.
[21]涂瑶生,柳俊,孙冬梅,等.近红外漫反射光谱法用于白芍配方颗粒原料药材质量控制的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(9):1162.
[22]黄山君,杨琪伟,石燕红,等.一测多评法测定白芍中芍药苷与芍药内酯苷的含量[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):780.
[23] Zhang J D, Cai H, Cao G, et al. Exploring potential chemical transformation by chemical profiling approach for rapidly evaluating chemical consistency between sundried and sulfur-fumigated radix paeoniae alba using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013:763213.
[24] Kong M, Liu H H, Wu J, et al. Effects of sulfur-fumigation on the pharmacokinetics, metabolites and analgesic activity of Radix Paeoniae Alba[J].J Ethnopharmacol, 2018,212:95.
[25] Wang Q L, Liang Z T, Peng Y, et al. Whole transverse section and specific-tissue analysis of secondary metabolites in seven different grades of root of Paeonia lactiflora using laser microdissection and liquid chromatographyquadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2015, 103:7.
[26]金林,赵万顺,郭巧生,等.白芍饮片的化学成分测定及质量评价[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(3):484.
[27]洪庆红,成则丰,程存归. FTIR应用于原产地中药材白芍的测定方法研究[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2006,26(9):1610.
[28] Cao G, Li Q L, Cai H, et al. Investigation of the chemical changes from crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair extracts by using Q exactive high-performance Benchtop Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 2014:170959.
[2] Li S L,Song J Z, Franky F.K.C,et al. Chemical profiling of Radix Paeoniae evaluated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/photo-diode-array/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal,2009,49:253.
[3]邹华彬,袁浩,王爱武,等.白芍紫外指纹图谱共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列分析[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2007,27(9):1815.
[4] Zhao X F,Sun Y Q.Analysis of Paeoniae Radix by highperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry[J].Anal Sci, 2003, 19:1313.
[5]张琦,王振中,萧伟,等.白芍药材UPLC特征指纹图谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):712.
[6] Zheng Z Y,Cao G,Wu X,et al. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the impact of bran-processing on the chemical profile of Radix Paeoniae Alba(Baishao)[J].Nat Prod Res,2015,29(8):776.
[7]郑敏霞,陈喆,刘培,等.白芍中芍药苷及其衍生物的UPLC-MS/MS分析[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(12):1641.
[8] Rie T, Marina Y, Keiko H, et al. Application of quantitative 1H-NMR method to determination of paeoniflorin in Paeoniae Radix[J]. J Nat Med, 2013, 67:657.
[9]张晓燕.芍药化学研究[D].沈阳:沈阳药科大学,2001:4-7.
[10]何忠梅,孙佳明,张辉,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分析芍药和酒芍药的水溶性化学成分[J].分析化学,2009,37(8):1201.
[11] Xu S J, Yang L, Tian R T, et al. Species differentiation and quality assessment of Radix Paeoniae Rubra(Chishao)by means of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint[J].J Chromatogr A,2009,1216(11):2163.
[12]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:105-158.
[13] Ni Y N, Li B H, Serge Kokot. Discrimination of Radix Paeoniae varieties on the basis of their geographical origin by a novel method combining high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements[J]. Anal Methods,2012,4(12):4326.
[14] Samiuela L, Sheang S. K, James R. H, et al. LC determination of Albiflorin and Paeoniflorin in Baishao(Paeonia lactiflora)as a raw herb and dried aqueous extract[J].J AOAC Int, 2009, 94(4):1027.
[15]赫炎,赵惠东,唐力英,等.白芍饮片质量研究.中国中药杂志[J],2006,31(13):1070.
[16]刘杰,陈琳,范彩荣,等.基于HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS的白芍和赤芍主要成分定性定量研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(9):1762.
[17] Kong M, Liu H H, Xu J, et al. Quantitative evaluation of Radix Paeoniae Alba sulfur-fumigated with different durations and purchased from herbal markets:simultaneous determination of twelve components belonging to three chemical types by improved high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector[J].J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2014, 98:424.
[18]许源,刘培,严辉,等.白芍初加工过程中单萜苷类及多羟基化合物的变化分析[J].中药材,2014,37(5):775.
[19]简在友,俞敬波,王文全,等.芍药不同部位和不同采收期6个化学活性成分含量的比较[J].药学学报,2010,45(1):489.
[20] Kong M, Xu J, Liu H H, et al. Effects of boiling duration in processing of White Paeony Root on its overall quality evaluated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis and high performance liquid chromatography quantification[J].Chin J Nat Med,2017, 15(1):62.
[21]涂瑶生,柳俊,孙冬梅,等.近红外漫反射光谱法用于白芍配方颗粒原料药材质量控制的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(9):1162.
[22]黄山君,杨琪伟,石燕红,等.一测多评法测定白芍中芍药苷与芍药内酯苷的含量[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(6):780.
[23] Zhang J D, Cai H, Cao G, et al. Exploring potential chemical transformation by chemical profiling approach for rapidly evaluating chemical consistency between sundried and sulfur-fumigated radix paeoniae alba using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013:763213.
[24] Kong M, Liu H H, Wu J, et al. Effects of sulfur-fumigation on the pharmacokinetics, metabolites and analgesic activity of Radix Paeoniae Alba[J].J Ethnopharmacol, 2018,212:95.
[25] Wang Q L, Liang Z T, Peng Y, et al. Whole transverse section and specific-tissue analysis of secondary metabolites in seven different grades of root of Paeonia lactiflora using laser microdissection and liquid chromatographyquadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2015, 103:7.
[26]金林,赵万顺,郭巧生,等.白芍饮片的化学成分测定及质量评价[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(3):484.
[27]洪庆红,成则丰,程存归. FTIR应用于原产地中药材白芍的测定方法研究[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2006,26(9):1610.
[28] Cao G, Li Q L, Cai H, et al. Investigation of the chemical changes from crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair extracts by using Q exactive high-performance Benchtop Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 2014:170959.