文学伦理学视角下的布兰奇悲剧解读
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摘要
《欲望号街车》中女主角布兰奇悲剧根源于当时不讲人性的传统社会伦理。美国南方传统伦理导致她对男性过于依赖而无法独立生存,当时社会对同性恋的仇视与压迫导致她的同性恋丈夫自杀,继而使得她生活在痛苦悔恨中,这两大伦理因素迫使布兰奇一步步走向毁灭。而田纳西·威廉斯正是通过这一作品揭露了人们对僵化的传统社会伦理的无所适从,表明了对新的社会伦理标准的渴求与呼吁。
The tragedy of the female protagonist Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire roots from the inhumane conventional ethics at that time. The traditional American southern ethics leads to her over-dependence on men and inability to live on her own; the social hostility and suppression of homosexuality cause the suicide of her homosexual husband,making her live in pain and compunction. These two major ethical factors result in her destruction step by step. Through this play,Tennessee Williams exposes the unsuitableness of people for the rigescent traditional social ethics,and indicates the desire and appeal for the new social ethical standards.
The tragedy of the female protagonist Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire roots from the inhumane conventional ethics at that time. The traditional American southern ethics leads to her over-dependence on men and inability to live on her own; the social hostility and suppression of homosexuality cause the suicide of her homosexual husband,making her live in pain and compunction. These two major ethical factors result in her destruction step by step. Through this play,Tennessee Williams exposes the unsuitableness of people for the rigescent traditional social ethics,and indicates the desire and appeal for the new social ethical standards.
引文
[1]刘献弘.权力的阶梯---浅谈《欲望号街车》的人物塑造[J].戏剧之家,2018(12):20,22.
[2]张天骄,姚颖.《欲望号街车》中的地域诗学与女性悲剧[J].名作欣赏,2017(36):97-98.
[3]钟瑛.《欲望号街车》中女性主体性建构[J].鄂州大学学报,2017(4):55-57.
[4]甘梦媛.现实寸步难行,欲望步入毁灭---浅析《欲望号街车》的矛盾冲突[J].视听,2017(7):80-81.
[5]聂珍钊.关于文学伦理学批评[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):8-11.
[6]聂珍钊,吴笛,陈永国.“外国文学理论与批评前沿问题”三人谈[J].山东外语教学,2018(3):70-77.
[7]王金娥.跨学科视域下的文学伦理学批评---聂珍钊教授访谈录[J].山东外语教学,2018(1):3-12.
[8]Williams T.A Streetcar Named Desire[M].New York:New Directions Publishing Corporation,2004.
[9]Roudane M.The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998:52.
[10]Kolin P.Williams:A Streetcar Named Desire[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000:10.
[11]汪义群.当代美国戏剧[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1992:83.
[12]Eitzen,Zinn.Social Problems[M].Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2008:64,340.
[13]Clum J.Still Acting Gay:Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama[M].New York:St.Martin's Griffin,2000:122.
[14]Crompton L.Gay Genocide:From Leviticus to Hitler[M]//Loue Chew.The Gay Academic.Palm Springs:ETC Publications,1978:67-91.
[15]Sinfield A.Out on Stage:Lesbian and Gay Theatre in the 20th Century[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1999:26.
[16]Henslin J.Social Problems[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2000:64.
[17]刘小枫.沉重的肉身[M].北京:华夏出版社,2004:3.
[18]Heihnan R.The Iceman,the Arsonist,and the Troubled Agent:Tragedy and Melodrama on the Modern Stage[M].Seattle:University of Washington Press,1973:115.
[19]Fisher J.The Angels of Fructification:Tennessee Williams,Tony Kushner,and Images of Homosexuality on the American Stage[J].Mississippi Quarterly,1995,49(1):13-32.
[20]Haley D.Certain Moral Values:A Rhetoric of Outcasts in the Plays of Tennessee Williams[D].Tuscaloosa:The University of Alabama,1999.
[21]Devlin A.Conversations with Tennessee Williams[M].Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,1986:81.
[22]Bigsby C.Modern American Drama 1945-2000[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:60.
[23]聂珍钊.文学经典的阅读、阐释和价值发现[J].文艺研究,2013(5):34-42.
(1)本文所引该剧的英文版:Williams,Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire(New York:New Directions Publishing Corporation,2004)。
[2]张天骄,姚颖.《欲望号街车》中的地域诗学与女性悲剧[J].名作欣赏,2017(36):97-98.
[3]钟瑛.《欲望号街车》中女性主体性建构[J].鄂州大学学报,2017(4):55-57.
[4]甘梦媛.现实寸步难行,欲望步入毁灭---浅析《欲望号街车》的矛盾冲突[J].视听,2017(7):80-81.
[5]聂珍钊.关于文学伦理学批评[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):8-11.
[6]聂珍钊,吴笛,陈永国.“外国文学理论与批评前沿问题”三人谈[J].山东外语教学,2018(3):70-77.
[7]王金娥.跨学科视域下的文学伦理学批评---聂珍钊教授访谈录[J].山东外语教学,2018(1):3-12.
[8]Williams T.A Streetcar Named Desire[M].New York:New Directions Publishing Corporation,2004.
[9]Roudane M.The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998:52.
[10]Kolin P.Williams:A Streetcar Named Desire[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000:10.
[11]汪义群.当代美国戏剧[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1992:83.
[12]Eitzen,Zinn.Social Problems[M].Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2008:64,340.
[13]Clum J.Still Acting Gay:Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama[M].New York:St.Martin's Griffin,2000:122.
[14]Crompton L.Gay Genocide:From Leviticus to Hitler[M]//Loue Chew.The Gay Academic.Palm Springs:ETC Publications,1978:67-91.
[15]Sinfield A.Out on Stage:Lesbian and Gay Theatre in the 20th Century[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1999:26.
[16]Henslin J.Social Problems[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2000:64.
[17]刘小枫.沉重的肉身[M].北京:华夏出版社,2004:3.
[18]Heihnan R.The Iceman,the Arsonist,and the Troubled Agent:Tragedy and Melodrama on the Modern Stage[M].Seattle:University of Washington Press,1973:115.
[19]Fisher J.The Angels of Fructification:Tennessee Williams,Tony Kushner,and Images of Homosexuality on the American Stage[J].Mississippi Quarterly,1995,49(1):13-32.
[20]Haley D.Certain Moral Values:A Rhetoric of Outcasts in the Plays of Tennessee Williams[D].Tuscaloosa:The University of Alabama,1999.
[21]Devlin A.Conversations with Tennessee Williams[M].Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,1986:81.
[22]Bigsby C.Modern American Drama 1945-2000[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:60.
[23]聂珍钊.文学经典的阅读、阐释和价值发现[J].文艺研究,2013(5):34-42.
(1)本文所引该剧的英文版:Williams,Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire(New York:New Directions Publishing Corporation,2004)。