认知雷达波形和检测门限自适应跟踪算法
|
摘要
为有效改善杂波背景下雷达目标跟踪中的不确定性问题,提出一种基于认知雷达的波形和检测门限联合自适应跟踪算法。首先,给出雷达目标跟踪的信息熵不确定模型,提出用滤波误差协方差的行列式来描述目标状态跟踪的不确定性;然后,基于时延-多普勒分辨单元理论,给出单个高斯线性调频脉冲包含波形和虚警概率参数的量测误差协方差的近似表达式;最后,受人类"感知-行动"循环机制启发,设计出基于信息熵最小为代价函数的自适应波形和检测门限跟踪算法。仿真结果表明,所提出的联合自适应算法的信息熵比目标跟踪的不确定性传统算法可减少30%以上,总体跟踪性能得到明显改善。
A joint adaptive tracking algorithm based on waveform and detection threshold of cognitive radars is proposed to effectively improve the uncertainty of radar target tracking in cluttered background. Firstly, an uncertainty model for the information entropy of radar target tracking is given, and the determinant of the covariance of filtering errors is proposed to describe the uncertainty of target state tracking. Then, an approximation of measurement error covariance of a single Gaussian linear frequency modulation(LFM) pulse with waveform and false alarm probability parameters is given based on the theory of time delay-Doppler resolution cell. Finally, inspired by human "perception-action" cycle mechanism, an adaptive waveform and detection threshold tracking algorithm is designed based on minimizing the information entropy as a cost function. Simulation results and a comparison with the traditional algorithm show that, from the point of view of information entropy, the proposed joint adaptive algorithm reduces the uncertainty of target tracking by more than 30%, and the overall tracking performance is significantly improved.
A joint adaptive tracking algorithm based on waveform and detection threshold of cognitive radars is proposed to effectively improve the uncertainty of radar target tracking in cluttered background. Firstly, an uncertainty model for the information entropy of radar target tracking is given, and the determinant of the covariance of filtering errors is proposed to describe the uncertainty of target state tracking. Then, an approximation of measurement error covariance of a single Gaussian linear frequency modulation(LFM) pulse with waveform and false alarm probability parameters is given based on the theory of time delay-Doppler resolution cell. Finally, inspired by human "perception-action" cycle mechanism, an adaptive waveform and detection threshold tracking algorithm is designed based on minimizing the information entropy as a cost function. Simulation results and a comparison with the traditional algorithm show that, from the point of view of information entropy, the proposed joint adaptive algorithm reduces the uncertainty of target tracking by more than 30%, and the overall tracking performance is significantly improved.
引文
[1]潘泉,梁彦,杨峰,等.现代目标跟踪与信息融合[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2009:1-6.
[2]LI X R,JILKOV V P.Survey of maneuvering target tracking:part I dynamic models[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2004,39(4):1333-1364.
[3]LI X R,JILKOV V P.Survey of maneuvering target tracking:part V multiple-model method[J].IEEETransactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2005,41(4):1255-1321.
[4]盛丹,王国宏,张翔宇.基于波形捷变的多传感器机动目标跟踪[J].系统工程与电子技术,2015,37(3):485-491.SHENG Dan,WANG Guohong,ZHANG Xiangyu.Maneuvering target tracking based on waveform agility with multi-sensor[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2015,37(3):485-491.
[5]王树亮,毕大平,阮怀林.认知雷达波形自适应数据关联跟踪算法[J].宇航学报,2017,38(12):1331-1338.WANG Shuliang,BI Daping,RUAN Huailin.Waveform self-adaption data association algorithm for cognitive radar tracking[J].Journal of Astronautics,2017,38(12):1331-1338.
[6]王树亮,毕大平,阮怀林,等.基于视觉注意机制的认知雷达数据关联算法[J].航空学报,2018,39(6):321828.WANG Shuliang,BI Daping,RUAN Huailin,et al.Cognitive radar data association algorithm based on visual attention[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(6):321828.
[7]WANG H Q,XIA H E,CHENG Y Q,et al.An adaptive waveform detection threshold joint optimization method for target tracking[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,20(11):3057-3064.
[8]GELFAND S B,FORTMANN T E,BAR-SHALOMY.Adaptive detection threshold optimization for tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,1996,32(2):514-523.
[9]KERSHAW D J,EVANS R J.Optimal waveform selection for tracking systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1994,40(5):1536-1550.
[10]KERSHAW D J,EVANS R J.Waveform selective probabilistic data association[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1997,33(4):1180-1188.
[11]SIRA S P,SUPPAPPOLA A P,MORREL D.Dynamic configuration of time-varying waveforms for agile sensing and tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(7):3207-3217.
[12]靳标,纠博,苏涛,等.针对机动目标跟踪的雷达发射波形选择[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(8):1912-1918.JIN Biao,JIU Bo,SU Tao,et al.Radar transmitted waveform selection for maneuvering target tracking[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2014,36(8):1912-1918.
[13]王宏强,夏洪恩,程永强,等.基于MPDA的波形自适应目标跟踪[J].系统工程与电子技术,2011,33(11):2389-2392.WANG Hongqiang,XIA Hong’en,CHENG Yongqiang,et al.Adaptive waveform selection for target tracking based on MPDA[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2011,33(11):2389-2392.
[14]RAGO C,WILLETT P,BAR-SHALOM Y.Detection-tracking performance with combined waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,34(2):612-624.
[15]NIU R X,WILLETT P,BAR-SHALOM Y.Tracking considerations in selection of radar waveform for range and range-rate measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2002,38(2):467-487.
[16]HONG S M,EVANS R J,SHIN H S.Optimization of waveform and detection threshold for range and range-rate tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2005,41(1):17-33.
[17]WANG J T,QIN Y L,WANG H Q.Dynamic waveform selection for maneuvering target tracking in clutter[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2013,7(7):815-825.
[18]HAYKIN S.Cognitive radar:a way of the future[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2006,23:30-40.
[19]FATEMI M,HAYKIN S.Cognitive control:theory and application[J].IEEE Access,2014,2:698-710.
[20]何友,修建娟,张晶炜,等.雷达数据处理及应用[M].3版.北京:电子工业出版社,2009:108-112
[21]靳标.认知雷达目标跟踪方法研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014:22-30.
[2]LI X R,JILKOV V P.Survey of maneuvering target tracking:part I dynamic models[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2004,39(4):1333-1364.
[3]LI X R,JILKOV V P.Survey of maneuvering target tracking:part V multiple-model method[J].IEEETransactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2005,41(4):1255-1321.
[4]盛丹,王国宏,张翔宇.基于波形捷变的多传感器机动目标跟踪[J].系统工程与电子技术,2015,37(3):485-491.SHENG Dan,WANG Guohong,ZHANG Xiangyu.Maneuvering target tracking based on waveform agility with multi-sensor[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2015,37(3):485-491.
[5]王树亮,毕大平,阮怀林.认知雷达波形自适应数据关联跟踪算法[J].宇航学报,2017,38(12):1331-1338.WANG Shuliang,BI Daping,RUAN Huailin.Waveform self-adaption data association algorithm for cognitive radar tracking[J].Journal of Astronautics,2017,38(12):1331-1338.
[6]王树亮,毕大平,阮怀林,等.基于视觉注意机制的认知雷达数据关联算法[J].航空学报,2018,39(6):321828.WANG Shuliang,BI Daping,RUAN Huailin,et al.Cognitive radar data association algorithm based on visual attention[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(6):321828.
[7]WANG H Q,XIA H E,CHENG Y Q,et al.An adaptive waveform detection threshold joint optimization method for target tracking[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,20(11):3057-3064.
[8]GELFAND S B,FORTMANN T E,BAR-SHALOMY.Adaptive detection threshold optimization for tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,1996,32(2):514-523.
[9]KERSHAW D J,EVANS R J.Optimal waveform selection for tracking systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1994,40(5):1536-1550.
[10]KERSHAW D J,EVANS R J.Waveform selective probabilistic data association[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1997,33(4):1180-1188.
[11]SIRA S P,SUPPAPPOLA A P,MORREL D.Dynamic configuration of time-varying waveforms for agile sensing and tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(7):3207-3217.
[12]靳标,纠博,苏涛,等.针对机动目标跟踪的雷达发射波形选择[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(8):1912-1918.JIN Biao,JIU Bo,SU Tao,et al.Radar transmitted waveform selection for maneuvering target tracking[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2014,36(8):1912-1918.
[13]王宏强,夏洪恩,程永强,等.基于MPDA的波形自适应目标跟踪[J].系统工程与电子技术,2011,33(11):2389-2392.WANG Hongqiang,XIA Hong’en,CHENG Yongqiang,et al.Adaptive waveform selection for target tracking based on MPDA[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2011,33(11):2389-2392.
[14]RAGO C,WILLETT P,BAR-SHALOM Y.Detection-tracking performance with combined waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,34(2):612-624.
[15]NIU R X,WILLETT P,BAR-SHALOM Y.Tracking considerations in selection of radar waveform for range and range-rate measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2002,38(2):467-487.
[16]HONG S M,EVANS R J,SHIN H S.Optimization of waveform and detection threshold for range and range-rate tracking in clutter[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System,2005,41(1):17-33.
[17]WANG J T,QIN Y L,WANG H Q.Dynamic waveform selection for maneuvering target tracking in clutter[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2013,7(7):815-825.
[18]HAYKIN S.Cognitive radar:a way of the future[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2006,23:30-40.
[19]FATEMI M,HAYKIN S.Cognitive control:theory and application[J].IEEE Access,2014,2:698-710.
[20]何友,修建娟,张晶炜,等.雷达数据处理及应用[M].3版.北京:电子工业出版社,2009:108-112
[21]靳标.认知雷达目标跟踪方法研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014:22-30.