修剪模式下3～4年生‘凤丹’生长规律及产量预测模拟
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摘要
于2013年每年10月底从育苗基地移栽品质一致的3年生‘凤丹’植株,定植株行距为1 m×1 m,后期生长管理水平一致,对其栽植后进行连续两年平茬,2017年以修剪模式下3、4、5、6年生的‘凤丹’为试验材料,以栽植后平茬过一次的6年生‘凤丹’和未进行修剪6年生"凤丹"为对照组,探究幼年‘凤丹’在修剪模式下的生长状况和生物量分配情况。试图建立一个描述多个生长因子与产量的拟合模型。结果表明:修剪模式下,随着株龄的增加各生长指标、果实各项指标、总生物量、各器官生物量随之增大,根冠比随株龄增大而减小,生物量分配更多的由根系向果实转移,茎和果生物量分配逐渐增大。同株龄植株相比,修剪模式下的植株各项生长指标均大于对照组,且差异性显著(p<0.05);果实各项指标以修剪模式下植株均大于对照组,且差异具有显著性(p<0.05),修剪模式下6年生籽粒产量能达到2 173.20 kg·hm~(-2);总生物量、各器官生物量也以修剪模式下大于对照组,且差异性显著(p<0.05),根冠比以修剪模式下6年生植株最小,为1.07,生物量分配能够使根系向地上部分转移较多。单株产量预测模型为Y=-314.422+102.62B+1.048H-1.093D。拟合优度R~2=0.811(式中:B.株龄;H.株高;D.冠幅;Y.单株产量)。修剪模式下能提高‘凤丹’生长指标,总生物量积累及各器官生物量积累增加,生物量分配能更多的向果实转移,进而提高产量。
The 3-year-old'Feng Dan'plant with the same quality was planted at the end of October each year from 2013. After planted,the pruning model of flat stubble for two consecutive years was carried out. In 2017,the'Feng Dan'born in 3,4,5,and 6 years under the pruning,the 6-year-old'Feng Dan'who had been flat stubbled once after planted and the 6-year'Feng Dan',who had not been pruned,were used as the control group. The effect of the growth status and biomass allocation of young pruned'Feng Dan'were studied to try to establish a description of a fitting model of the plurality of growth factor and yield. Compared with the same-age plants,the growth indexes of plants under pruning mode were higher than those of control group,and the difference was significant( p< 0.05); the plant under pruning mode was higher than that of control group,and the difference was significant( p< 0.05). The grain yield of 6-year plants under pruning mode could reach 2 173.20 kg·hm~(-2). The biomass and organ biomass of 6-year plants under pruning mode were higher than those of control group,and the difference was significant( p<0.05). The minimum root-shoot ratio of 6-year plants under pruning mode was 107.9% and the biomass allocation can make the root to the ground part more transferred. In the pruning model,with the increase of plant age,the growth index,the fruit index,the total biomass and the biomass of all organs were increased,the root shoot ratio was decreased,and the biomass allocation was transferred more from the root to the fruit,and the distribution of stem and fruit biomass was increased gradually. The yield prediction model was: Y =-314.422+2.62 B+1.048 H-1.093 D with the goodness of fit R~2= 0.811,( B is plant age,H is height,D is crown width,and Y is the yield of per plant). The pruning can improve the'Feng Dan'growth index,the accumulation of total biomass and the accumulation of biomass in various organs are increased,and the distribution of biomass could be more transferred to the fruit,and then the yield could be improved.
The 3-year-old'Feng Dan'plant with the same quality was planted at the end of October each year from 2013. After planted,the pruning model of flat stubble for two consecutive years was carried out. In 2017,the'Feng Dan'born in 3,4,5,and 6 years under the pruning,the 6-year-old'Feng Dan'who had been flat stubbled once after planted and the 6-year'Feng Dan',who had not been pruned,were used as the control group. The effect of the growth status and biomass allocation of young pruned'Feng Dan'were studied to try to establish a description of a fitting model of the plurality of growth factor and yield. Compared with the same-age plants,the growth indexes of plants under pruning mode were higher than those of control group,and the difference was significant( p< 0.05); the plant under pruning mode was higher than that of control group,and the difference was significant( p< 0.05). The grain yield of 6-year plants under pruning mode could reach 2 173.20 kg·hm~(-2). The biomass and organ biomass of 6-year plants under pruning mode were higher than those of control group,and the difference was significant( p<0.05). The minimum root-shoot ratio of 6-year plants under pruning mode was 107.9% and the biomass allocation can make the root to the ground part more transferred. In the pruning model,with the increase of plant age,the growth index,the fruit index,the total biomass and the biomass of all organs were increased,the root shoot ratio was decreased,and the biomass allocation was transferred more from the root to the fruit,and the distribution of stem and fruit biomass was increased gradually. The yield prediction model was: Y =-314.422+2.62 B+1.048 H-1.093 D with the goodness of fit R~2= 0.811,( B is plant age,H is height,D is crown width,and Y is the yield of per plant). The pruning can improve the'Feng Dan'growth index,the accumulation of total biomass and the accumulation of biomass in various organs are increased,and the distribution of biomass could be more transferred to the fruit,and then the yield could be improved.
引文
[1]宋宏伟,刘少华,沈植国,等.不同栽培条件下油用牡丹种子产量及含油率[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):105-109.
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[11]王刚,袁德义,邹锋,等.修剪强度对锥栗叶片生理及产量的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(2):264-272.
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[14]董雪,高永,虞毅,等.平茬措施对天然沙冬青生理特性的影响[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(3):388-395.
[15]段祥光,张利霞,刘伟,等.施氮量对油用牡丹‘凤丹’光合特性及产量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):48-54.
[16]汪成忠,马菡泽,宋志平,等.‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态及其受株龄和遮荫的影响[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(6):884-893.
[17]杨静萱,吉文丽,刘玲,等.株行距配置对油用牡丹‘凤丹’生长发育及产量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):202-208.
[18]狄曙玲.浅析柠条的平茬复壮原理与实用技术[J].农业技术与装备,2015(9):57-58.
[19]崔春梅,莫伟平,邢思年,等.不同短截程度对苹果枝条修剪反应及新稍叶片光合特性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):119-125.
[20]刘立波,孟庆彬,张志环,等.平茬对胡枝子萌生枝条生长及产量的影响[J].林业科技开发,2012,32(4):123-126.
[21] STEPHAN J,LAURI P E,DONES N,et al. Architecture of the pruned tree:impact of contrasted pruning procedures over 2 years on shoot demography and spatial distribution of leaf area in apple(Malus domestica)[J]. Annals of Botany,2007,99(6):1055-1065.
[22]肖深根,周朴华,Ep Heuvelink,等.温室番茄同步叶片修剪对干物质生产和分配影响的模拟分析[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2154-2158.
[23] DUTTA R. Impact of age and management factors on tea yield and modelling the influence of leaf area index on yield variations[J].Science Asia,2011,37(1):83.
[24] BOND B J. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(8):349-353.
[25]侯振宏,张小全,徐德应,等.杉木人工林生物量和生产力研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(5):97-103.
[26]郭伟,邓巍,燕雪飞,等.植物生殖分配影响因素的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):150-156.
[27] LI H,LI C,ZHA T,et al. Patterns of biomass allocation in an age-sequence of secondary Pinus bungeana forests in China[J].Forestry Chronicle,2014,90(2):169-176.
[28]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011,47(10):83-90.
[29]卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.
[2]富丽莎,刘萍.油用牡丹产业发展研究综述[J].林业经济,2017,39(11):51-56.
[3]李志明.油用牡丹高产栽培关键技术[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(Z1):28-86.
[4]王开良,姚小华,申巍,等.修剪措施对油茶枝条和叶片生长及营养元素的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):13-18.
[5]毛善巧,李西俊.牡丹籽油的研究进展及油用牡丹综合利用价值分析[J].中国油脂,2017,42(5):123-126.
[6] FERRAZ F,SCOLFORO J,OLIVEIRA A,et al. Modeling growth and yield of loblolly pinestands under intensive management[J].Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,2015,50(8):707-717.
[7]唐健,宋贤冲,曹继钊,等.不同产量油茶林树体结构及生物量分配差异[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(12):2848-2850.
[8]白岗栓,杜社妮,侯喜录.不同修剪措施对苹果幼树生物量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):91-95.
[9]赵新华,束红梅,王友华,等.播期对棉铃生物量和氮累积与分配的影响及其与棉铃品质的关系[J].作物学报,2010,36(10):1707-1714.
[10]张如义,邓小东,杨小建,等.树高、胸径、树皮厚对厚朴产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):239-243.
[11]王刚,袁德义,邹锋,等.修剪强度对锥栗叶片生理及产量的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(2):264-272.
[12]郑士光,贾黎明,庞琪伟,等.平茬对柠条林地根系数量和分布的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(3):64-69.
[13]王震,张利文,虞毅,等.平茬高度对四合木生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7078-7087.
[14]董雪,高永,虞毅,等.平茬措施对天然沙冬青生理特性的影响[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(3):388-395.
[15]段祥光,张利霞,刘伟,等.施氮量对油用牡丹‘凤丹’光合特性及产量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):48-54.
[16]汪成忠,马菡泽,宋志平,等.‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态及其受株龄和遮荫的影响[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(6):884-893.
[17]杨静萱,吉文丽,刘玲,等.株行距配置对油用牡丹‘凤丹’生长发育及产量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):202-208.
[18]狄曙玲.浅析柠条的平茬复壮原理与实用技术[J].农业技术与装备,2015(9):57-58.
[19]崔春梅,莫伟平,邢思年,等.不同短截程度对苹果枝条修剪反应及新稍叶片光合特性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):119-125.
[20]刘立波,孟庆彬,张志环,等.平茬对胡枝子萌生枝条生长及产量的影响[J].林业科技开发,2012,32(4):123-126.
[21] STEPHAN J,LAURI P E,DONES N,et al. Architecture of the pruned tree:impact of contrasted pruning procedures over 2 years on shoot demography and spatial distribution of leaf area in apple(Malus domestica)[J]. Annals of Botany,2007,99(6):1055-1065.
[22]肖深根,周朴华,Ep Heuvelink,等.温室番茄同步叶片修剪对干物质生产和分配影响的模拟分析[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2154-2158.
[23] DUTTA R. Impact of age and management factors on tea yield and modelling the influence of leaf area index on yield variations[J].Science Asia,2011,37(1):83.
[24] BOND B J. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(8):349-353.
[25]侯振宏,张小全,徐德应,等.杉木人工林生物量和生产力研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(5):97-103.
[26]郭伟,邓巍,燕雪飞,等.植物生殖分配影响因素的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):150-156.
[27] LI H,LI C,ZHA T,et al. Patterns of biomass allocation in an age-sequence of secondary Pinus bungeana forests in China[J].Forestry Chronicle,2014,90(2):169-176.
[28]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011,47(10):83-90.
[29]卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.