拟南芥开花基因FT对根毛生长的影响研究
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摘要
为进一步研究成花素(FLOWERING LOCUS T,FT)基因对植物营养生长的影响,通过结合qRT-PCR和生理学实验的方式对FT过表达及突变体植株进行比对分析.研究发现,FT过表达植株与野生型相比,其根毛短且稀疏,且具有分叉型、膨大型、波浪型等极性生长缺陷表型;相反,突变体ft-10的根毛相对长且密集,略优于野生型,无极性生长缺陷表型.通过实时定量PCR分析与根毛起始伸长过程相关基因KOAJK、SCN1、RHD2、LRL3、RSL4、RHD6的表达量,FT过表达植株显著低于野生型,而突变体ft-10略高于野生型.结果表明,FT基因在根毛起始伸长过程中起负调控作用,影响根毛的极性生长及数量分布.本研究增加了对FT基因在营养生长过程中功能的认识,同时也为深入研究根系发育的分子机理奠定了基础.
The FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)overexpression and mutant plants were analyzed by quantitative PCR and physiological assays to further study the effect of FT gene on the plant vegetative growth. The results showed that the FT overexpression lines had shorter and sparser root hairs with abnormal phenotypes such as branch,ballooned and wavy types when compared with the wild type. On the contrary,ft-10 had longer and denser root hairs with normal phenotypes when compared with wild type. Quantitative analysis of the gene expression including KOAJK、SCN1、RHD2、LRL3、RSL4、RHD6 related to root hair initiation elongation showed that the FT overexpression lines were significantly lower than those of the wild type, while ft-10 were slightly higher than those of the wild type.The results indicate that the FT gene plays a negative role in the initial elongation of root hairs and affects the polar growth and quantitative distribution of root hairs. This study promotes the understanding of the FT function in the vegetative growth process,and also lays the foundation in research of the root development mechanism.
The FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)overexpression and mutant plants were analyzed by quantitative PCR and physiological assays to further study the effect of FT gene on the plant vegetative growth. The results showed that the FT overexpression lines had shorter and sparser root hairs with abnormal phenotypes such as branch,ballooned and wavy types when compared with the wild type. On the contrary,ft-10 had longer and denser root hairs with normal phenotypes when compared with wild type. Quantitative analysis of the gene expression including KOAJK、SCN1、RHD2、LRL3、RSL4、RHD6 related to root hair initiation elongation showed that the FT overexpression lines were significantly lower than those of the wild type, while ft-10 were slightly higher than those of the wild type.The results indicate that the FT gene plays a negative role in the initial elongation of root hairs and affects the polar growth and quantitative distribution of root hairs. This study promotes the understanding of the FT function in the vegetative growth process,and also lays the foundation in research of the root development mechanism.
引文
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[15]CHEN M,PENFIELD S.Feedback regulation of COOLAIRexpression controls seed dormancy and flowering time[J].Science,2018,360(6392):1014-1017.
[16]贾贞,赵菲佚,吴存祥.FT及其同源基因在植物发育调控中的多功能效应[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2558-2564.JIA Z,ZHAO F Y,WU C X.Pleiotropic effects of FT and its orthologues on plant development[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2558-2564.(In Chinese)
[17]GILROY S,JONES D L.Through form to function:root hair development and nutrient uptake[J].Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(2):56-60.
[18]GAHOONIA T S,NIELSEN N E.Barley genotypes with long root hairs sustain high grain yields in low-P field[J].Plant&Soil,2004,262(1/2):55-62.
[19]CHO H T,COSGROVE D J.Regulation of root hair initiation and expansin gene expression in Arabidopsis[J].Plant Cell,2002,14(12):3237-3253.
[20]刘选明,孙孟思,李新梅,等.F-box基因FOF2在拟南芥盐和冷胁迫响应中的功能分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(6):120-127.LIU X M,SUN M S,LI X M,et al.Function study on F-box gene FOF2 response to salt stress andcold stress in Arabidopsis[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2018,45(6):120-127.(In Chinese)
[21]刘选明,王文文,杨远柱,等.水稻基因OsDHHC13参与氧化胁迫响应的初步研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(12):110-116.LIU X M,WANG W W,YANG Y Z,et al.Preliminary study on a rice OsDHHC13 gene involving in the response to oxidative stress[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2016,43(12):110-116.(In Chinese)
[22]丁沃娜,童艳丽,吴晶,等.一个水稻短根毛突变体的鉴定和基因定位[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(21):4333-4339.DING W N,TONG Y L,WU J,et al.Identificationand gene mapping of a novel short root hair mutant in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(21):4333-4339.(In Chinese)
[23]DATTA S,KIM C M,PERNAS M,et al.Root hairs:development,growth and evolution at the plant-soil interface[J].Plant&Soil,2011,346(1/2):1-14.
[24]FU Y,GU Y,ZHENG Z,et al.Arabidopsis interdigitating cell growth requires two antagonistic pathways with opposing action on cell morphogenesis[J].Cell,2005,120(5):687-700.
[25]NAKAMURA M,CLAES A R,GREBE T,et al.Auxin and ROPGTPase signaling of polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells[J].Plant Physiology,2018,176(1):378-391.
[26]SIEBERER B J,KETELAAR T,ESSELING J J,et al.Microtubules guide root hair tip growth[J].New Phytologist,2005,167(3):711-719.
[27]WEI Z,LI J.Receptor-like protein kinases:key regulators controlling root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2018,60(9):841-850.
[2]孙洪波,贾贞,韩天富.PEBP家族基因在植物发育调控中的作用[J].植物生理学报,2009,45(8):739-747.SUN H B,JIA Z,HAN T F.Roles of PEBP family genes in the development of plants[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2009,45(8):739-747.(In Chinese)
[3]DANILEVSKAYA O N,MENG X,HOU Z,et al.A genomic and expression compendium of the expanded PEBP gene family from maize[J].Plant Physiology,2007,146(1):250-264.
[4]HEMMING M N,PEACOCK W J,DENNIS E S,et al.Lowtemperature and daylength cues are integrated to regulate Flowering Locus T in barley[J].Plant Physiology,2008,147(1):355-366.
[5]ABE M,KOBAYASHI Y,YAMAMOTO S,et al.FD,a b ZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway integrator FT at the shoot apex[J].Science,2005,309(5737):1052-1056.
[6]SAMACH A,ONOUCHI H,GOLD S E,et al.Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidopsis[J].Science,2000,288(5471):1613-1616.
[7]YANOVSKY M J,KAY S A.Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in Arabidopsis[J].Nature,2002,419(6904):308-312.
[8]TEPERBAMNOLKER P,SAMACH A.The flowering integrator FTregulates SEPALLATA3 and FRUITFULL accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves[J].Plant Cell,2005,17(10):2661-2675.
[9]PIN P A,NILSSON O.The multifaceted roles of Flowering Locus Tin plant development[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2012,35(10):1742-1755.
[10]HO W W,WEIGEL D.Structural features determining flowerpromoting activity of Arabidopsis Flowering Locus T[J].Plant Cell,2014,26(2):552-564.
[11]NAKAMURA Y,ANDRéS F,KANEHARA K,et al.Arabidopsis florigen FT binds to diurnally oscillating phospholipids that accelerate flowering[J].Nature Communications,2014,5(5):3553-3559.
[12]KANG M J,JIN H S,NOH Y S,et al.Repression of flowering under a noninductive photoperiod by the HDA9-AGL19-FT module in Arabidopsis[J].New Phytologist,2015,206(1):281-294.
[13]SOO-CHEUL Y,CHENG C,MARIA R,et al.Phloem longdistance delivery of Flowering Locus T(FT)to the apex[J].Plant Journal,2013,75(3):456-468.
[14]CHEN M,MACGREGOR D R,DAVE A,et al.Maternal temperature history activates Flowering Locus Tin fruits to control progeny dormancy according totime of year[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(52):18787-18792.
[15]CHEN M,PENFIELD S.Feedback regulation of COOLAIRexpression controls seed dormancy and flowering time[J].Science,2018,360(6392):1014-1017.
[16]贾贞,赵菲佚,吴存祥.FT及其同源基因在植物发育调控中的多功能效应[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2558-2564.JIA Z,ZHAO F Y,WU C X.Pleiotropic effects of FT and its orthologues on plant development[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2558-2564.(In Chinese)
[17]GILROY S,JONES D L.Through form to function:root hair development and nutrient uptake[J].Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(2):56-60.
[18]GAHOONIA T S,NIELSEN N E.Barley genotypes with long root hairs sustain high grain yields in low-P field[J].Plant&Soil,2004,262(1/2):55-62.
[19]CHO H T,COSGROVE D J.Regulation of root hair initiation and expansin gene expression in Arabidopsis[J].Plant Cell,2002,14(12):3237-3253.
[20]刘选明,孙孟思,李新梅,等.F-box基因FOF2在拟南芥盐和冷胁迫响应中的功能分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(6):120-127.LIU X M,SUN M S,LI X M,et al.Function study on F-box gene FOF2 response to salt stress andcold stress in Arabidopsis[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2018,45(6):120-127.(In Chinese)
[21]刘选明,王文文,杨远柱,等.水稻基因OsDHHC13参与氧化胁迫响应的初步研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(12):110-116.LIU X M,WANG W W,YANG Y Z,et al.Preliminary study on a rice OsDHHC13 gene involving in the response to oxidative stress[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2016,43(12):110-116.(In Chinese)
[22]丁沃娜,童艳丽,吴晶,等.一个水稻短根毛突变体的鉴定和基因定位[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(21):4333-4339.DING W N,TONG Y L,WU J,et al.Identificationand gene mapping of a novel short root hair mutant in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(21):4333-4339.(In Chinese)
[23]DATTA S,KIM C M,PERNAS M,et al.Root hairs:development,growth and evolution at the plant-soil interface[J].Plant&Soil,2011,346(1/2):1-14.
[24]FU Y,GU Y,ZHENG Z,et al.Arabidopsis interdigitating cell growth requires two antagonistic pathways with opposing action on cell morphogenesis[J].Cell,2005,120(5):687-700.
[25]NAKAMURA M,CLAES A R,GREBE T,et al.Auxin and ROPGTPase signaling of polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells[J].Plant Physiology,2018,176(1):378-391.
[26]SIEBERER B J,KETELAAR T,ESSELING J J,et al.Microtubules guide root hair tip growth[J].New Phytologist,2005,167(3):711-719.
[27]WEI Z,LI J.Receptor-like protein kinases:key regulators controlling root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2018,60(9):841-850.