铊和镉胁迫对芦竹生长及光合特征的影响
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摘要
芦竹(Arundo donax)对多种重金属都有较好的耐受性,是植物修复技术较理想的选择,而关于芦竹对Cd和Tl胁迫生理反应的相关研究却较少,为了有效治理Cd和Tl的污染,本研究以芦竹为材料,通过添加不同浓度重金属Tl(4,10和20 mg·kg~(-1))、Cd(50,100和200 mg·kg~(-1))进行芦竹盆栽试验,测定芦竹的株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、光合生理指标以及Tl和Cd在芦竹中的累积量,探讨芦竹对Tl和Cd胁迫的响应机制。结果表明:Tl(4~20 mg·kg~(-1))和Cd(50~200 mg·kg~(-1))对芦竹株高、分蘖数以及叶绿素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);芦竹体内Tl和Cd含量随着Tl和Cd浓度的升高呈上升趋势,芦竹体内Tl含量的分布规律为根>茎>叶,Cd含量的分布规律:Cd浓度50 mg·kg~(-1)时为茎>叶>根,Cd浓度100和200 mg·kg~(-1)时为根>茎>叶,表明Tl和Cd主要分布在根部,芦竹对Tl、Cd有一定的富集能力。Cd和Tl处理均显著降低芦竹叶片的胞间CO2浓度,在Tl浓度为10 mg·kg~(-1)时,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率得到显著提高,当Cd浓度为50 mg·kg~(-1)时,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率得到显著提高。这表明芦竹对重金属Cd和Tl有较强的耐受性,可为Cd和Tl污染土壤的治理和修复提供参考。
Urbanization and industrial activities have contributed to widespread contamination by heavy-metals,such as cadmium( Cd) and thallium( Tl),which have caused a series of problems to ecosystem functioning and human health. Therefore,how to effectively control the Cd and Tl pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Arundo donax has a strong tolerance of a variety of heavy metals,and is an ideal choice for phytoremediation,however,there is limited information on the physiological responses of A. donax to Cd and Tl stress,regarding its highly desirable for phytoremediation of metal contaminated sites. Therefore,a potted experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd( 50,100 and 200 mg·kg~(-1)) and Tl( 4,10 and 20 mg·kg~(-1)) stress on height,number of nodes and chlorophyll content of A. donax,photosynthetic characteristics and the accumulation of Cd and Tl in A. donax after four months of cultivation,all these parameters were determined for each treatment. The results showed that the height,number of nodes and chlorophyll content of A. donax were not significantly affected by exposure to Tl( form 4 to 20 mg·kg~(-1)) or Cd( form 50 to 200 mg·kg~(-1))( P > 0.05). The concentrations of Tl and Cd in A. donax increased with the additive concentration of Tl and Cd,Tl accumulated in the order of root > stem > leaf; while Cd accumulated in order of stem > leaf > root under 50 mg·kg~(-1) Cd concentration treatments and in order of root > stem> leaf under 100 and 200 mg·kg~(-1) Cd concentration treatments,Tl and Cd are mainly distributed in the root,A. donax has certain enrichment ability to Tl and Cd. Although all Tl treatments significantly decreased intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci) of A. donax,10 mg·kg~(-1) Tl treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs) and transpiration rate( Tr). Meanwhile,all Cd treatments significantly decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration and the water use efficiency( WUE),but 50 mg·kg~(-1) treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. These results suggest a strong tolerance of A. donax to increased Cd or Tl pollution and it can be used as a reference for the treatment and remediation of Cd or Tl contaminated soil.
Urbanization and industrial activities have contributed to widespread contamination by heavy-metals,such as cadmium( Cd) and thallium( Tl),which have caused a series of problems to ecosystem functioning and human health. Therefore,how to effectively control the Cd and Tl pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Arundo donax has a strong tolerance of a variety of heavy metals,and is an ideal choice for phytoremediation,however,there is limited information on the physiological responses of A. donax to Cd and Tl stress,regarding its highly desirable for phytoremediation of metal contaminated sites. Therefore,a potted experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd( 50,100 and 200 mg·kg~(-1)) and Tl( 4,10 and 20 mg·kg~(-1)) stress on height,number of nodes and chlorophyll content of A. donax,photosynthetic characteristics and the accumulation of Cd and Tl in A. donax after four months of cultivation,all these parameters were determined for each treatment. The results showed that the height,number of nodes and chlorophyll content of A. donax were not significantly affected by exposure to Tl( form 4 to 20 mg·kg~(-1)) or Cd( form 50 to 200 mg·kg~(-1))( P > 0.05). The concentrations of Tl and Cd in A. donax increased with the additive concentration of Tl and Cd,Tl accumulated in the order of root > stem > leaf; while Cd accumulated in order of stem > leaf > root under 50 mg·kg~(-1) Cd concentration treatments and in order of root > stem> leaf under 100 and 200 mg·kg~(-1) Cd concentration treatments,Tl and Cd are mainly distributed in the root,A. donax has certain enrichment ability to Tl and Cd. Although all Tl treatments significantly decreased intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci) of A. donax,10 mg·kg~(-1) Tl treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs) and transpiration rate( Tr). Meanwhile,all Cd treatments significantly decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration and the water use efficiency( WUE),but 50 mg·kg~(-1) treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. These results suggest a strong tolerance of A. donax to increased Cd or Tl pollution and it can be used as a reference for the treatment and remediation of Cd or Tl contaminated soil.
引文
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HAN ZP,HU XB,HU ZH,2005.Phytoremediation of mercury and cadmium polluted wetland by Arundo donax[J].J Appl Ecol,16(5):945-950.[韩志萍,胡晓斌,胡正海,2005.芦竹修复镉汞污染湿地的研究[J].应用生态学报,16(5):945-950.]
HAN ZP,HU ZH,2005.Tolerance of Arundo donax to heavy metals[J].J Appl Ecol,16(1):161-165.[韩志萍,胡正海,2005.芦竹对不同重金属耐性的研究[J].应用生态学报,16(1):161-165.]
HAN ZP,LCY,WANG CY,2008.Effects of cadmium stress on the antioxidant enzymes activities in Arundo donax L.[J].J Nucl Agric Sci,22(6):846-850.[韩志萍,吕春燕,王趁义,等,2008.镉胁迫对芦竹抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,22(6):846-850.]
HAN ZP,WANG CY,2007.Accumulation and distribution of cadmium,lead,mercury,and copper in Arundo donax of different ecotype[J].Ecol Environ,16(4):1092-1097.[韩志萍,王趁义,2007.不同生态型芦竹对Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu的富集与分布[J].生态环境学报,16(4):1092-1097.]
HAN ZP,YANG ZH,WU X,et al.,2010.Effects of lead stress on antioxidant enzymes activities in Arundo donax L.[J].J Nucl Agric Sci,24(4):846-850.[韩志萍,杨志红,吴湘,等,2010.铅胁迫对芦竹抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,24(4):846-850.]
HU XY,QI SY,LI RL,2018.Effects of cadmium stress on growth,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of Xanthium italicum[J].J Shenyang Univ(Nat Sci Ed),30(1):18-24.[胡小英,齐淑艳,李瑞莉,2018.镉胁迫对意大利苍耳(Xanthium italicum)生长、叶绿素及光合特性的影响[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),30(1):18-24.]
KALAJI HM,LOBODY T,2007.PhotosystemⅡof barley seedlings under cadmium and lead stress[J].Plant Soil Environ,53(12):511-516.
LI ML,LI H,WANG KR,et al.,2016.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium uptake of peanut plant under cadmium stress[J].Environ Chem,35(11):2344-2352.[李明亮,李欢,王凯荣,等,2016.Cd胁迫下丛枝菌根对花生生长、光合生理及Cd吸收的影响[J].环境化学,35(11):2344-2352.]
LI Z,TAN XF,LU K,et al.,2017.Influence of drought stress on the growth,leaf gas exchange,and chlorophyll fluorescence in two varieties of tung tree seedlings[J].J Ecol,37(5):1515-1524.[李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等,2017.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,37(5):1515-1524.]
LI HF,ZHU JR,FU J,2007.Toxicity of thallium and its impacts of human health[J].Chin J Public Health Manag,23(1):77-79.[李汉帆,朱建如,付洁,2007.铊的毒性及对人体的危害[J].中国公共卫生管理,23(1):77-79.]
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