宽频地震无井反演技术在神狐海域天然气水合物矿体描述中的应用
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摘要
南海北部神狐海域是我国天然气水合物勘探的热点区域,该区水合物层饱和度和厚度在垂向和横向上都具有明显的不均匀性和不连续性,常规地震无井反演技术难以实现对水合物藏的精细描述。神狐地区天然气水合物矿体相对于围岩,主要表现为高纵波速度、高纵波阻抗、高电阻率的特征。利用鬼波压制、反Q滤波等技术获得频带更宽的地震资料,利用叠前深度偏移获得高精度网格层析速度场,构建反演所需的低频模型,开展宽频地震无井反演,获得高精度的波阻抗体,对研究区水合物进行矿体描述。实践表明,宽频地震无井反演结果刻画的水合物矿体空间展布特征准确且清晰,在水合物矿体边界识别、内部细节刻画等方面都更具优势。该方法对于其他具有相似特点的水合物矿体研究具有重要的借鉴意义。
Shenhu waters in the northern South China Sea is a hot spot of gas hydrate exploration in China.The saturation and thickness of hydrate layer in this area exhibit obvious inhomogeneity and discontinuity both vertically and horizontally,so it is difficult to describe hydrate reservoir accurately by the conventional well-free seismic inversion technologies.Compared with surrounding rocks,gas hydrate ore bodies in Shenhu waters are characterized by high P-wave velocity,high P-wave impedance and high resistivity.Using ghost wave suppression,inverse Q filtering and other techniques,it is able to obtain seismic data with wider band;using pre-stack depth migration,it is able to obtain the high-precision grid tomography velocity field,establish the low-frequency model required for inversion,conduct well-free broadband seismic inversion,obtain high-precision wave impedance body,and describe the ore body of hydrate in the research area.The practices show that the spatial distribution characteristics of hydrate ore bodies depicted by well-free broadband seismic inversion are accurate and clear,which are more effective in boundary recognition and internal detail depiction of hydrate ore bodies.This method is of great significance for studying other hydrate ore bodies with similar characteristics.
Shenhu waters in the northern South China Sea is a hot spot of gas hydrate exploration in China.The saturation and thickness of hydrate layer in this area exhibit obvious inhomogeneity and discontinuity both vertically and horizontally,so it is difficult to describe hydrate reservoir accurately by the conventional well-free seismic inversion technologies.Compared with surrounding rocks,gas hydrate ore bodies in Shenhu waters are characterized by high P-wave velocity,high P-wave impedance and high resistivity.Using ghost wave suppression,inverse Q filtering and other techniques,it is able to obtain seismic data with wider band;using pre-stack depth migration,it is able to obtain the high-precision grid tomography velocity field,establish the low-frequency model required for inversion,conduct well-free broadband seismic inversion,obtain high-precision wave impedance body,and describe the ore body of hydrate in the research area.The practices show that the spatial distribution characteristics of hydrate ore bodies depicted by well-free broadband seismic inversion are accurate and clear,which are more effective in boundary recognition and internal detail depiction of hydrate ore bodies.This method is of great significance for studying other hydrate ore bodies with similar characteristics.
引文
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[16]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.波阻抗反演在南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):496-500.YANG Rui,WU Nengyou,LEI Xinhua,et al.Impedance inversion and its application in gas hydrate exploration in Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):496-500.
[17]张如伟,张宝金,黄捍东,等.天然气水合物沉积层的AVA特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):634-639.ZHANG Ruwei,ZHANG Baojin,HUANG Handong,et al.AVA characters on gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary deposit[J].OGP,2011,46(4):634-639.
[18]王小杰,栾锡武,王延光,等.黏弹性介质叠前地震反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):544-555.WANG Xiaojie,LUAN Xiwu,WANG Yanguang,et al.Prestack seismic inversion of viscoelastic medium[J].OGP,2016,51(3):544-555.
[19]张如伟,李洪奇,张宝金,等.OBS观测系统反射点与转换点轨迹的计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):660-668.ZHANG Ruwei,LI Hongqi,ZHANG Baojin,et al.Calculations of reflection and conversion points in OBS geometry[J].OGP,2017,52(4):660-668.
[20]朱明,颜承志,张卫卫,等.OBS技术在南海北部白云深水区储层含气性识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):815-825.ZHU Ming,YAN Chengzhi,ZHANG Weiwei,et al.Gas bearing reservoir identification on OBS data in the Baiyun deepwater area,northern South China Sea[J].OGP,2017,52(4):815-825.
[21]沙志彬,郑涛,杨木壮,等.基于波阻抗反演的天然气水合物地震检测技术[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):481-488.SHA Zhibin,ZHENG Tao,YANG Muzhuang,et al.The seismic detecting technique on gas hydrates based on wave impedance inversion[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):481-488.
[22]吕琳,王明君,范继璋.地震属性在天然气水合物识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):596-601.LV Lin,WANG Mingjun,FAN Jizhang.Seismic attribute recognition in the application of natural gas hydrate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(2):596-601.
[23]刘洁,张建中,孙运宝,等.基于地震谱反演的地层速度估算方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):909-915.LIU Jie,ZHANG Jianzhong,SUN Yunbo,et al.Seismic velocity estimation method based on spectral inversion[J].OGP,2016,51(5):909-915.
[2]梁劲,王明君,王宏斌,等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物声波测井速度与饱和度关系分析[J].现代地质,2009,23(2):218-223.LIANG Jin,WANG Mingjun,WANG Hongbin,et al.Relationship between the sonic logging velocity and saturation of gas hydrate in Shenhu Area,Northern slope of South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2009,23(2):218-223.
[3]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.XU Huaning,YANG Shengxiong,ZHENG Xiaodong,et al.Seismic identification of gas hydrate and its distribution in Shenhu Area,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(7):1691-1698.
[4]郭依群,杨胜雄,梁金强,等.南海北部神狐海域高饱和度天然气水合物分布特征[J].地学前缘,2017,24(4):24-31.GUO Yiqun,YANG Shengxiong,LIANG Jinqiang,et al.Characteristics of high gas hydrate distribution in the Shenhu Area on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(4):24-31.
[5] BELLEFLEUR G,DUCHESNE M J,HUNTER J,et al.Comparison of single-and multichannel high-resolution seismic data for shallow stratigraphy mapping in St.Lawrence River estuary,Quebec[J].Current Eye Research,2006,37(8):32-37.
[6] SLITER R W,TRIEZENBERG P G,HART P E,et al.Highresolution seismic reflection and marine magnetic data along the Hosgri Fault Zone,central California,U.S.[J].Geological Survey Open-File Report,2009,44(5):34-40.
[7]裴彦良,赵月霞,刘保华,等.近海高分辨率多道地震拖缆系统及其在海洋工程中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):331-336.PEI Yanliang,ZHAO Yuexia,LIU Baohua,et al.Research on the offshore high-resolution multi-channel seismic streamer and its application to the ocean engineering[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(1):331-336.
[8]张志强,汤民强,周普志,等.24道高分辨多道地震系统的配置与探测效果分析[J].海洋技术,2011,30(2):107-109.ZHANG Zhiqiang,TANG Minqiang,ZHOU Puzhi,et al.Configuration and application analysis of 24channels high-resolution seismic system[J].Ocean Technology,2011,30(2):107-109.
[9] LEE H Y,KIM W,KOO N H,et al.Resolution analysis of shallow marine seismic data acquired using an airgun and an8-channel streamer cable[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,32(3):22-26.
[10]王新全,刘晖,王林,等.南祁连盆地天然气水合物地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):644-650.WANG Xinquan,LIU Hui,WANG Lin,et al.Seismic exploration for natural gas hydrate in the South Qilian Basin[J].OGP,2017,52(4):644-650.
[11]杨文达,刘望军.海洋高分辨率地震技术在浅部地质勘探中的运用[J].海洋石油,2007,22(2):20-24.YANG Wenda,LIU Wangjun.Marine high-resolution seismic techniques applying in the geological exploration of shallow strata[J].Offshore Oil,2007,22(2):20-24.
[12]徐华宁,邢涛,王家生,等.利用多道地震反射数据探测神狐海域渗漏型水合物[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2012,37(增刊1):196-202.XU Huaning,XING Tao,WANG Jiasheng,et al.Detecting seepage hydrate reservoir using multi-channel seismic reflecting data in Shenhu Area[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(S1):196-202.
[13]褚宏宪,孙运宝,秦轲,等.小道距高分辨率多道地震对天然气水合物勘查的适用性[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(6):51-54.CHU Hongxian,SUN Yunbao,QIN Ke,et al.Application of small-scale array high-resolution multi-channel seismic to gas hydrate exploration[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(6):51-54.
[14]刘学伟,李敏锋,张聿文,等.天然气水合物地震响应研究:中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):34-38.LIU Xuewei,LI Minfeng,ZHANG Yuwen,et al.Studies of seismic characteristics about gas hydrate:A case study of line HD152in the South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2005,19(1):34-38.
[15] TINIVELLA U,ACCAINO F,VEDOVA B.Gas hydrates and active mud volcanism on the South Shetland continental margin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2008,28(2):97-106.
[16]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.波阻抗反演在南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):496-500.YANG Rui,WU Nengyou,LEI Xinhua,et al.Impedance inversion and its application in gas hydrate exploration in Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):496-500.
[17]张如伟,张宝金,黄捍东,等.天然气水合物沉积层的AVA特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):634-639.ZHANG Ruwei,ZHANG Baojin,HUANG Handong,et al.AVA characters on gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary deposit[J].OGP,2011,46(4):634-639.
[18]王小杰,栾锡武,王延光,等.黏弹性介质叠前地震反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):544-555.WANG Xiaojie,LUAN Xiwu,WANG Yanguang,et al.Prestack seismic inversion of viscoelastic medium[J].OGP,2016,51(3):544-555.
[19]张如伟,李洪奇,张宝金,等.OBS观测系统反射点与转换点轨迹的计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):660-668.ZHANG Ruwei,LI Hongqi,ZHANG Baojin,et al.Calculations of reflection and conversion points in OBS geometry[J].OGP,2017,52(4):660-668.
[20]朱明,颜承志,张卫卫,等.OBS技术在南海北部白云深水区储层含气性识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):815-825.ZHU Ming,YAN Chengzhi,ZHANG Weiwei,et al.Gas bearing reservoir identification on OBS data in the Baiyun deepwater area,northern South China Sea[J].OGP,2017,52(4):815-825.
[21]沙志彬,郑涛,杨木壮,等.基于波阻抗反演的天然气水合物地震检测技术[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):481-488.SHA Zhibin,ZHENG Tao,YANG Muzhuang,et al.The seismic detecting technique on gas hydrates based on wave impedance inversion[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):481-488.
[22]吕琳,王明君,范继璋.地震属性在天然气水合物识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):596-601.LV Lin,WANG Mingjun,FAN Jizhang.Seismic attribute recognition in the application of natural gas hydrate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(2):596-601.
[23]刘洁,张建中,孙运宝,等.基于地震谱反演的地层速度估算方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):909-915.LIU Jie,ZHANG Jianzhong,SUN Yunbo,et al.Seismic velocity estimation method based on spectral inversion[J].OGP,2016,51(5):909-915.