充填骨料颗粒形态参数定量评价方法
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摘要
矿山充填骨料颗粒形态包括形状、棱角度及纹理是影响充填体力学、料浆管输特性及充填系统设计的重要因素.在混凝土及矿山充填领域往往仅考虑骨料颗粒大小及级配,而忽略颗粒形态的影响.针对目前对骨料颗粒形状及棱角度的定量表征评价方法不一、适用性不强、用法不明确的问题;在总结分析充填骨料颗粒形状和棱角度的8种定量评价方法的基础上,结合矿山实际应用的7种充填骨料,进行颗粒形态参数计算及对比分析,探讨各评价指标的优缺点及适用性.采用了计算机图像处理技术,计算充填骨料的颗粒形状和棱角度特征参数并进行相关性分析.结果表明:连续级配充填骨料不同粒径区间的颗粒形态参数差异不大,呈偏态分布并可用均值表示;圆形度R和周长-面积分形维数D可用来表征颗粒形状,而不受颗粒棱角度的影响;腐蚀膨胀参数ED、分形棱角度FA可用来表征颗粒棱角度,而不受颗粒形状的影响;而对于剩下的表征形状的球形度S、长宽比F、外形指数I及表征棱角度的指数AI这4个参数相互之间存在关联,不能用于区分颗粒形状和棱角度.最后,为了去除这些指标之间的重复性信息,通过主成分分析的方法得到了两个互不相关的新指标,简化了颗粒形态参数的表征,并在矿山充填骨料分析中应用.
Form,angularity,and texture are among the shape characteristics of filling aggregate that have a significant effect on filling body mechanics,slurry piping properties,and filling system design. However,these shape characteristics are often ignored in the field of concrete and mine backfill where only the size and gradation of the aggregate particles are considered. Moreover,some problems like multiple methods,inflexible and ambiguous utilization exist. On the basis of seven practical mining applications of filling aggregate,eight of the most widely used aggregate form and angularity analysis methods were evaluated to discuss their advantages,disadvantages and applicability. Computer image processing techniques were used to calculate the form and angularity properties. The results showed that the shape characteristics of continuously graded aggregate exhibited a skewed distribution and could be valued by the mean. Roundness R and perimeter area fractal dimension D could be used to describe form unaffected by angularity,and erosion-dilation parameter(ED)and fractal angularity(FA)could be used to describe angularity unaffected by form. The remaining four indices cannot be used to distinguish between form and angularity because they are interrelated. Finally,two unrelated indices which can be used in aggregate shape and particle analysis appli-cations were deduced using principal component analysis to simplify the presentation of the shape characteristics.
Form,angularity,and texture are among the shape characteristics of filling aggregate that have a significant effect on filling body mechanics,slurry piping properties,and filling system design. However,these shape characteristics are often ignored in the field of concrete and mine backfill where only the size and gradation of the aggregate particles are considered. Moreover,some problems like multiple methods,inflexible and ambiguous utilization exist. On the basis of seven practical mining applications of filling aggregate,eight of the most widely used aggregate form and angularity analysis methods were evaluated to discuss their advantages,disadvantages and applicability. Computer image processing techniques were used to calculate the form and angularity properties. The results showed that the shape characteristics of continuously graded aggregate exhibited a skewed distribution and could be valued by the mean. Roundness R and perimeter area fractal dimension D could be used to describe form unaffected by angularity,and erosion-dilation parameter(ED)and fractal angularity(FA)could be used to describe angularity unaffected by form. The remaining four indices cannot be used to distinguish between form and angularity because they are interrelated. Finally,two unrelated indices which can be used in aggregate shape and particle analysis appli-cations were deduced using principal component analysis to simplify the presentation of the shape characteristics.
引文
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[17]梁多伟,罗强,刘钢,等.埃塞俄比亚铁路火山渣填料颗粒形状特征分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(1):52-63.Liang Duowei,Luo Qiang,Liu Gang,et al.Particle shape characteristic analysis of cinder filling in ethiopian railway[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(1):52-63(in Chinese).
[18]Masad E,Olcott D,White T,et al.Correlation of fine aggregate imaging shape indices with asphalt mixture performance[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1757(1):148-156.
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[20]Rao C,Tutumluer E,Kim I T.Quantification of coarse aggregate angularity based on image analysis[J].Transportation Research Record,2002,1787(1):117-124.
[21]Guo E Y,Chawla N,Jing T,et al.Accurate modeling and reconstruction of three-dimensional percolating filamentary microstructures from two-dimensional micrographs via dilation-erosion method[J].Materials Characterization,2014,89(1):33-42.
[2]Rahman M A,Imteaz M,Arulrajah A,et al.Suitability of recycled construction and demolition aggregates as alternative pipe backfilling materials[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,66(2):75-84(in Chinese).
[3]杨志强,高谦,王永前,等.金川全尾砂-棒磨砂混合充填料胶砂强度与料浆流变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):3985-3991.Yang Zhiqiang,Gao Qian,Wang Yongqian,et al.Research on filling body strength and rheological properties of mixed filling mortar with unclassified tailings and rod milling sand in Jinchuan mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Suppl 2):3985-3991(in Chinese).
[4]杨柳华,王洪江,吴爱祥,等.全尾砂戈壁集料膏体充填粒级优化[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(7):1552-1558.Yang Liuhua,Wang Hongjiang,Wu Aixiang,et al.Gradation optimization of unclassified tailings paste with Gobi aggregates[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(7):1552-1558(in Chinese).
[5]杨志强,高谦,王永前,等.不同骨料固结粉胶结充填体强度试验与对比分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2016,56(5):466-473.Yang Zhiqiang,Gao Qian,Wang Yongqian,et al.Strength test on consolidation powder cementing filling body and comparison analysis for different aggregates[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2016,56(5):466-473(in Chinese).
[6]韩斌,吴爱样,王贻明,等.低强度粗骨料超细全尾砂自流胶结充填配合比优化及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(6):2357-2362.Han Bin,Wu Aixiang,Wang Yiming,et al.Optimization and application of cemented hydraulic fill(CHF)with low strength aggregate and extra fine grain full tailings[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2012,43(6):2357-2362(in Chinese).
[7]王涛,张建华,郝世美,等.基于分形级配的树脂矿物复合材料骨料尺寸效应研究[J].南京理工大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):597-602.Wang Tao,Zhang Jianhua,Hao Shimei,et al.Size effect of aggregate in resin mineral composite based on fractal gradation[J].Journal of Nanjing University:Science and Technology,2013,37(4):597-602(in Chinese).
[8]Al-Khateeb G G,Ghuzlan K A,Al-Barqawi M O.Effect of superpave restricted zone on volumetric and compaction properties of asphalt mixtures[J].International Journal of Pavement Research&Technology,2017,10(6):488-496.
[9]孔亮,彭仁.颗粒形状对类砂土力学性质影响的颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2112-2119.Kong Liang,Peng Ren.Particle flow simulation of influence of particle shape on mechanical properties of quasi-sands[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2112-2119(in Chinese).
[10]安卓卿,张延玲,李琦,等.固体颗粒含量和形状对流体黏度的影响[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2015,20(1):46-52.An Zhuoqing,Zhang Yanling,Li Qi,et al.Effect of particle fraction and shape on fluid viscosity[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2015,20(1):46-52(in Chinese).
[11]薛希龙,王新民,张钦礼.充填管道磨损风险评估的组合权重与可变模糊耦合模型[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(11):3752-3758.Xue Xilong,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli,et al.An integrated model of combination weights and variable fuzzy on evaluating backfill pipeline wear risk[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2016,47(11):3752-3758(in Chinese).
[12]唐达生,宋跃文,朱小军,等.粗颗粒矿石在提升管道内的旋转特性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(7):1831-1838.Tang Dasheng,Song Yuewen,Zhu Xiaojun,et al.Rotation behavior of coarse-particle ores in lifting pipe[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(7):1831-1838(in Chinese).
[13]Grulke E A,Rice S B,Xiong J,et al.Size and shape distributions of carbon black aggregates by transmission electron microscopy[J].Carbon,2018,130:822-833.
[14]刘广,荣冠,彭俊,等.矿物颗粒形状的岩石力学特性效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(3):540-550.Liu Guang,Rong Guan,Peng Jun,et al.Mechanical behaviors of rock affected by mineral particle shapes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(3):540-550(in Chinese).
[15]叶建雄,余林文,颜从进,等.机制砂颗粒形状评价方法的相关性[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2012,34(4):161-164.Ye Jianxiong,Yu Linwen,Yan Congjin,et al.Correlation between particle shape evaluation methods of manufactured sand[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2012,34(4):161-164(in Chinese).
[16]张家发,叶加兵,陈劲松,等.碎石颗粒形状测量与评定的初步研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):343-349.Zhang Jiafa,Ye Jiabing,Chen Jinsong,et al.A preliminary study of measurement and evaluation of breakstone grain shape[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):343-349(in Chinese).
[17]梁多伟,罗强,刘钢,等.埃塞俄比亚铁路火山渣填料颗粒形状特征分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(1):52-63.Liang Duowei,Luo Qiang,Liu Gang,et al.Particle shape characteristic analysis of cinder filling in ethiopian railway[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(1):52-63(in Chinese).
[18]Masad E,Olcott D,White T,et al.Correlation of fine aggregate imaging shape indices with asphalt mixture performance[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1757(1):148-156.
[19]杨志远,曲建林,周安宁.超细煤粉颗粒形状分形维数与球磨工艺的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):342-345.Yang Zhiyuan,Qu Jianlin,Zhou Anning.Study on the relationships between the profile fractal dimensions of coal ultra-fine powders and their grinding technologies[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(3):342-345(in Chinese).
[20]Rao C,Tutumluer E,Kim I T.Quantification of coarse aggregate angularity based on image analysis[J].Transportation Research Record,2002,1787(1):117-124.
[21]Guo E Y,Chawla N,Jing T,et al.Accurate modeling and reconstruction of three-dimensional percolating filamentary microstructures from two-dimensional micrographs via dilation-erosion method[J].Materials Characterization,2014,89(1):33-42.
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