310快速生物降解试验中顶空体积的计算方法
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摘要
经济合作发展组织发布的310试验是适用性最广的快速生物降解试验,但试验导则中未给出试验系统顶空体积的设定方法。根据试验有效性对溶解氧浓度和受试物在气/水两相系统中分配的要求,使用亨利定律和理想气体状态方程,得到以微生物耗氧量、受试物浓度、受试物理论需氧量和受试物的亨利常数计算试验系统顶空体积的公式。以2-甲基萘和柠檬烯为例,说明了公式的应用过程。研究结果可指导试验设计,促进试验方法的标准化。
310 test,published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,is the ready biodegradability test with the most extensive practicability. However,the test guideline does not provide a setting method of test system's headspace volume. Based on the test validity requirements for dissolved oxygen concentration and distribution of test item in air/water two-phase system,the calculation formulas for test system's headspace volume were obtained. The calculation principles were Henry's law and ideal gas equation,and the formulas contained four parameters: oxygen consumption of microorganisms,test item concentration,test item's theoretical oxygen demand and test item's Henry's law constant. 2-methylnaphthanlene and limonene were selected as examples for explanation of formula use. The result can provide help for test design and method standardization.
310 test,published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,is the ready biodegradability test with the most extensive practicability. However,the test guideline does not provide a setting method of test system's headspace volume. Based on the test validity requirements for dissolved oxygen concentration and distribution of test item in air/water two-phase system,the calculation formulas for test system's headspace volume were obtained. The calculation principles were Henry's law and ideal gas equation,and the formulas contained four parameters: oxygen consumption of microorganisms,test item concentration,test item's theoretical oxygen demand and test item's Henry's law constant. 2-methylnaphthanlene and limonene were selected as examples for explanation of formula use. The result can provide help for test design and method standardization.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.新化学物质环境管理办法(环境保护部令第7号)[EB/OL].(2010-01-19)[2019-03-08].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2010/content_1671246.htm Ministry of Environmental Protection.Environmental management policy for new chemicals(MEP order No.7)[EB/OL].(2010-01-19)[2019-03-08].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2010/content_1671246.htm
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4 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301A DOC die-away test:OECD301A[S].Paris:OECD,1992
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11 International Organization for Standardization.Water quality-evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in an aqueous medium method by analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels(CO2headspace test):ISO 14593[S].Geneva:ISO,1999
12环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016:30-31Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016:30-31
13 Seyfried M,Boschung A,Miffon F,et al.Elucidation of the upper pathway of alicyclic musk romandolide?degradation in OECDscreening tests with activated sludge[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(16):9487-9494
14 Jordan A,Gathergood N.Biodegradation of ionic liquids-a critical review[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2015,44(22):8200-8237
15 Kaczerewska O,Brycki B,Ribosa I,et al.Cationic gemini surfactants containing an o-substituted spacer and hydroxyethyl moiety in the polar heads:Self-assembly,biodegradability and aquatic toxicity[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2018,59(3):141-148
16环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016
17陈敏恒,丛德滋,方图南,等.化工原理[M].3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2006Chen Minheng,Cong Dezi,Fang Tunan,et al.Principles of chemical engineering[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006
18陆志良.空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009Lu Zhiliang.Aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2009
19张家荣,赵廷元.工程常用物质的热物理性质手册[M].北京:新时代出版社,1987Zhang Jiarong,Zhao Tingyuan.Handbook of thermal physical properties of common engineering materials[M].Beijing:New Times Press,1987
20 National Institute of Standards and Technology.NIST chemistry webbook[DB/OL].(2017-06-21)[2018-05-20].https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/
21杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006Yang Shiming,Tao Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006
22天津大学物理化学教研室.物理化学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001Physics Chemistry Teaching and Research Section of Tianjin University.Physical chemical[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001
23环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016:102-103Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016:102-103
24 Kayashima T,Taruki M,Katagiri K,et al.Comparison of biodegradation performance of OECD test guideline 301C with that of other ready biodegradability tests[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2014,33(2):328-333
25李小聪,刘松涛,姚宁,等.2-甲基萘催化氧化制2-甲基-1,4-萘醌工业放大研究[J].现代化工,2016,36(8):154-157Li Xiaocong,Liu Songtao,Yao Ning,et al.Study on industrial amplification of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by catalytic oxidation[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2016,36(8):154-157
26张天永,刘晓思,李彬,等.β-甲基萘催化氧化合成维生素K3的研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(1):316-323Zhang Tianyong,Liu Xiaosi,Li Bin,et al.Research progress on the catalytic oxidation ofβ-methylnaphthalene to vitamin K3[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36(1):316-323
27 EPA U S.EPI suite:United States,[CP/OL].(2012-11-01)[2018-05-20].https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/download-epi-suitetm-estimation-program-interface-v411
28黄巧娟,黄林华,孙志高,等.柠檬烯的安全性研究进展[J].食品科学,2015,36(15):277-281Huang Qiaojuan,Huang Linhua,Sun Zhigao,et al.Progress in understanding the safety of limonene[J].Food Science,2015,36(15):277-281
29庞亚茹,胡智慧,肖东光,等.柠檬烯和红没药烯的微生物代谢工程[J].生物工程学报,2018,34(1):24-33Pang Yaru,Hu Zhihui,Xiao Dongguang,et al.Advances in metabolic engineering for the microbial production of naturally occurring terpenes-limonene and bisabolene:A mini review[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2018,34(1):24-33
2 European Commission.Regulation(EC)No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the council of 18 December 2006 concerning the registration,evaluation,authorisation and restriction of chemicals(REACH),establishing a European Chemicals Agency,amending directive 1999/45/EC and repealing council regulation(EEC)No793/93 and commission regulation(EC)No 1488/94 as well as council directive 76/769/EEC and commission directives 91/155/EEC,93/67/EEC,93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC[EB/OL].(2006-12-18)[2018-05-20].http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj
3环境保护部化学品登记中心.化学品测试方法:降解与蓄积卷[M].2版.北京:中国环境出版社,2013Chemical Registration Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection.The guidelines for the testing of chemicals:Degradation and accumulation[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2013
4 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301A DOC die-away test:OECD301A[S].Paris:OECD,1992
5 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301B CO2evolution test:OECD301B[S].Paris:OECD,1992
6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301C modified MITI test:OECD301C[S].Paris:OECD,1992
7 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301D closed bottle test:OECD301D[S].Paris:OECD,1992
8 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301E modified OECD screening test:OECD 301E[S].Paris:OECD,1992
9 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,301F manometric respirometry test:OECD 301F[S].Paris:OECD,1992
10 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.OECDguidelines for testing of chemicals,310 ready biodegradabillity-CO2in sealed vessels(headspace test):OECD 310[S].Paris:OECD,2014
11 International Organization for Standardization.Water quality-evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in an aqueous medium method by analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels(CO2headspace test):ISO 14593[S].Geneva:ISO,1999
12环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016:30-31Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016:30-31
13 Seyfried M,Boschung A,Miffon F,et al.Elucidation of the upper pathway of alicyclic musk romandolide?degradation in OECDscreening tests with activated sludge[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(16):9487-9494
14 Jordan A,Gathergood N.Biodegradation of ionic liquids-a critical review[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2015,44(22):8200-8237
15 Kaczerewska O,Brycki B,Ribosa I,et al.Cationic gemini surfactants containing an o-substituted spacer and hydroxyethyl moiety in the polar heads:Self-assembly,biodegradability and aquatic toxicity[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2018,59(3):141-148
16环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016
17陈敏恒,丛德滋,方图南,等.化工原理[M].3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2006Chen Minheng,Cong Dezi,Fang Tunan,et al.Principles of chemical engineering[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006
18陆志良.空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009Lu Zhiliang.Aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2009
19张家荣,赵廷元.工程常用物质的热物理性质手册[M].北京:新时代出版社,1987Zhang Jiarong,Zhao Tingyuan.Handbook of thermal physical properties of common engineering materials[M].Beijing:New Times Press,1987
20 National Institute of Standards and Technology.NIST chemistry webbook[DB/OL].(2017-06-21)[2018-05-20].https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/
21杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006Yang Shiming,Tao Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006
22天津大学物理化学教研室.物理化学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001Physics Chemistry Teaching and Research Section of Tianjin University.Physical chemical[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001
23环境保护部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心.化学品生物降解与蓄积测试优化策略[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016:102-103Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection.Optimization strategy of chemical biodegradation and accumulation test[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2016:102-103
24 Kayashima T,Taruki M,Katagiri K,et al.Comparison of biodegradation performance of OECD test guideline 301C with that of other ready biodegradability tests[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2014,33(2):328-333
25李小聪,刘松涛,姚宁,等.2-甲基萘催化氧化制2-甲基-1,4-萘醌工业放大研究[J].现代化工,2016,36(8):154-157Li Xiaocong,Liu Songtao,Yao Ning,et al.Study on industrial amplification of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by catalytic oxidation[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2016,36(8):154-157
26张天永,刘晓思,李彬,等.β-甲基萘催化氧化合成维生素K3的研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(1):316-323Zhang Tianyong,Liu Xiaosi,Li Bin,et al.Research progress on the catalytic oxidation ofβ-methylnaphthalene to vitamin K3[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36(1):316-323
27 EPA U S.EPI suite:United States,[CP/OL].(2012-11-01)[2018-05-20].https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/download-epi-suitetm-estimation-program-interface-v411
28黄巧娟,黄林华,孙志高,等.柠檬烯的安全性研究进展[J].食品科学,2015,36(15):277-281Huang Qiaojuan,Huang Linhua,Sun Zhigao,et al.Progress in understanding the safety of limonene[J].Food Science,2015,36(15):277-281
29庞亚茹,胡智慧,肖东光,等.柠檬烯和红没药烯的微生物代谢工程[J].生物工程学报,2018,34(1):24-33Pang Yaru,Hu Zhihui,Xiao Dongguang,et al.Advances in metabolic engineering for the microbial production of naturally occurring terpenes-limonene and bisabolene:A mini review[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2018,34(1):24-33
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