基于声发射技术的混凝土梁桥弯剪受力状态下损伤试验
|
摘要
为实现使用声发射参数定量评估混凝土梁的损伤,开展了试件和构件层次的混凝土梁剪切试验研究。采用声发射技术对混凝土梁的损伤过程进行动态监测,总结基于声发射理论的混凝土损伤评估方法,并提出一种改进的损伤模型,采用三次多项式模型建立声发射参数与应力水平之间的定量关系,从而推导出混凝土梁的损伤演化方程,并计算出试件与构件对应于3种损伤模型的基于声发射技术的钢筋混凝土梁承载能力评估的损伤量。然后,通过与已有损伤模型的计算比较,验证损伤演化方程对混凝土梁损伤进行量化评价的有效性和准确性。试验结果表明:累计声发射数分三阶段变化,线性发展阶段的声发射信号较为活跃,相对应力水平位于0%～40%,其与材料本身含有较多微裂隙有关;而稳定增长阶段对应的累计声发射事件数与撞击数稳步增长,此时混凝土内部微裂纹稳定且缓慢发展,相对应力水平为40%～80%;在失稳阶段累计声发射数剧烈增加,其相对应力水平超过80%,试件内部裂缝达到失稳扩展状态。累计声发射事件曲线较好地描述了混凝土梁损伤发展变化的全过程,改进的损伤模型计算的损伤量在初始阶段发展较快,在中期趋于平缓,应力水平超过0.8以后损伤量发展迅速,直至试件破坏,能较好地反映混凝土梁损伤发展的三阶段变化规律。通过各损伤模型计算损伤度发现在相对应力水平较低时,试件或构件亦存在一定的损伤。
An experimental of a shear test of concrete beams at the specimen and component level was applied, to quantitative evaluate the damage based on the acoustic emission(AE) parameters. The damage process of a concrete beam was dynamically monitored using the AE technique. Concrete damage assessment techniques based on the characteristics of the AE theory were summarized, and an improved damage model was proposed. The quantitative relationship between the AE parameters and the stress level was established using a cubic polynomial model, and a damage evolution equation of concrete beam was developed. Then the validity and accuracy quantitative evaluation of concrete beam damage by damage evolution equation were verified, compared with the existing damage model. The results show that the AE cumulative number changes in three stages,the AE signal is active during the linear development stage, with a relative stress level of 0% to 40%, and that relate to the material contains many micro-cracks. The cumulative number of AE events and the impact number steadily increase during the stable growth phase. Further, the development of micro-cracks inside the concrete is stable and slow, with a relative stress level of 40% to 80%. The AE cumulative number drastically increases during the instability phase, where the relative stress level is over 80%, and the internal crack specimen reaches an unstable extended state. The AE cumulative event curve can better describes the entire damage process of a concrete beam, the amount of calculated damage quickly increases through the improved damage evolution model, tends to smooth at the mid-term stage, and increases rapidly when the stress level is over 0.8 until the specimen fails. The damage evolution model properly reflects the three stages of concrete damage development. The specimen or component is also damaged when the relative stress level is low, according to damage degree calculating through the damage model.
An experimental of a shear test of concrete beams at the specimen and component level was applied, to quantitative evaluate the damage based on the acoustic emission(AE) parameters. The damage process of a concrete beam was dynamically monitored using the AE technique. Concrete damage assessment techniques based on the characteristics of the AE theory were summarized, and an improved damage model was proposed. The quantitative relationship between the AE parameters and the stress level was established using a cubic polynomial model, and a damage evolution equation of concrete beam was developed. Then the validity and accuracy quantitative evaluation of concrete beam damage by damage evolution equation were verified, compared with the existing damage model. The results show that the AE cumulative number changes in three stages,the AE signal is active during the linear development stage, with a relative stress level of 0% to 40%, and that relate to the material contains many micro-cracks. The cumulative number of AE events and the impact number steadily increase during the stable growth phase. Further, the development of micro-cracks inside the concrete is stable and slow, with a relative stress level of 40% to 80%. The AE cumulative number drastically increases during the instability phase, where the relative stress level is over 80%, and the internal crack specimen reaches an unstable extended state. The AE cumulative event curve can better describes the entire damage process of a concrete beam, the amount of calculated damage quickly increases through the improved damage evolution model, tends to smooth at the mid-term stage, and increases rapidly when the stress level is over 0.8 until the specimen fails. The damage evolution model properly reflects the three stages of concrete damage development. The specimen or component is also damaged when the relative stress level is low, according to damage degree calculating through the damage model.
引文
[1] YUAN M,YAN D,ZHONG H,et al.Experimental investigation of high-cycle fatigue behavior for prestressed concrete box-girders[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,157:424-437.
[2] 纪洪广,张月征,金延,等.二长花岗岩三轴压缩下声发射特征围压效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1162-1168. JI Hong-guang,ZHANG Yue-zheng,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of confining pressure effect on acoustic emission characteristics of monzonite granite under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1162-1168.
[3] 纪洪广,卢翔.常规三轴压缩下花岗岩声发射特征及其主破裂前兆信息研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):694-702. JI Hong-guang,LU Xiang.Experimental study on characteristics of acoustic emission and rock fracture precursors under conventional triaxial compression of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):694-702.
[4] OHTSU M,ISODA T,TOMODA Y.Acoustic emission techniques standardized for concrete structure[J].Journal of Acoustic Emission,2007,25:22-32.
[5] SUZUKI T,OHTSU M,SHIGEISHI M.Relative damage evaluation of concrete in a road bridge by AE rate-process analysis[J].Materials and Structures,2007,40(2):221-227.
[6] SUZUKI T,OGATA H,TAKADA R,et al.Use of acoustic emission and X-ray computed tomography for damage evaluation of freeze-thawed concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(12):2347-2352.
[7] 纪洪广,贾立宏,李造鼎.混凝土损伤的声发射模式研究[J].声学学报,1996,21(4):601-608. JI Hong-guang,JIA Li-hong,LI Zao-ding.Study on the AE-model of concrete damage[J].Acta Acustica,1996,21(4):601-608.
[8] 纪洪广,张天森,蔡美峰,等.混凝土材料损伤的声发射动态检测试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):165-168. JI Hong-guang,ZHANG Tian-sen,CAI Mei-feng,et al.Experimental study on concrete damage by dynamic measurement of acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):165-168.
[9] 张明,李仲奎,杨强,等.准脆性材料声发射的损伤模型及统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2493-2501. ZHANG Ming,LI Zhong-kui,YANG Qiang,et al.A damage model and statistical analysis of acoustic emission for quasi-brittle materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2493-2501.
[10] TANG C A,XU X H.Evolution and propagation of material defects and Kaiser effect function[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1990,13(2):203-213.
[11] OHNO K,OHTSU M.Crack classification in concrete based on acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(12):2339-2346.
[12] AGGELIS D G.Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2011,38(3):153-157.
[13] GENG J,SUN Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Studying the dynamic damage failure of concrete based on acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,149:9-16.
[14] ZHANG Ya-fang,YANG Wen-long,LIU Hao.Effect of interfacial strength on bending properties of reinforced concrete beams[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Materials Science Edition,2013,28(6):1161-1166.
[15] PREM P R,MURTHY A R.Acoustic emission monitoring of reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point-bending[J].Applied Acoustics,2017,117:28-38.
[16] TOPOLAR L,KUCHARCZYKOVA B,KOCAB D,et al.The acoustic emission parameters obtained during three-point bending test on thermal-stressed concrete specimens[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,190:111-117.
[17] 尹双增.断裂、损伤理论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1992. YIN Shuang-zeng.Fracture and damage theories and their application[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1992.
[18] 刘保县,黄敬林,王泽云,等.单轴压缩煤岩损伤演化及声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3234-3238. LIU Bao-xian,HUANG Jing-lin,WANG Ze-yun,et al.Study on damage evolution and acoustic emission character of coal-rock under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):3234-3238.
[19] 刘娟红,赵力,宋少民,等.混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀损伤的声波与声发射变化特征及机理[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(8):1075-1081. LIU Juan-hong,ZHAO Li,SONG Shao-min,et al.Ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of concrete eroded by sulfate and its damage mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(8):1075-1081.
[20] 杨永杰,王德超,郭明福,等.基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):98-104. YANG Yong-jie,WANG De-chao,GUO Ming-fu,et al.Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):98-104.
[21] 彭刚,王乾峰,陈灯红,等.基于声发射参数的混凝土循环加卸载动态损伤破坏特性研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2015,37(6):3-9. PENG Gang,WANG Qian-feng,CHEN Deng-hong,et al.AE-based dynamic damage failure characteristics of concrete under cyclic loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2015,37(6):3-9.
[22] 林峰,欧智星,卢海霞.截面预裂的RC构件直剪与斜剪承载力比较[J].建筑结构,2014,44(19):75-91. LIN Feng,OU Zhi-xing,LU Hai-xia.Comparison on the ultimate bearing capacities of direct shear and oblique shear for RC members with pre-cracked sections[J].Building Structure,2014,44(19):75-91.
[23] 赵勇,邹仁博,张之璞.配置高强钢筋的新旧混凝土结合面直剪试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2015,36(增2):346-353. ZHAO Yong,ZOU Ren-bo,ZHANG Zhi-pu.Experimental investigation on interface between concretes cast at different times with high strength steel bars under direct shear load[J].Journal of Building Structures,2015,36(S2):346-353.
[24] 李志卫,王婉,肖建庄.高温后高强混凝土剪切裂缝与拉剪箍筋销栓作用[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(3):345-351. LI Zhi-wei,WANG Wan,XIAO Jian-zhuang.Shear crack and tensile-shear stirrup dowel action of HSC after elevated temperatures[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2015,43(3):345-351.
[25] 赵永娇,刘中宪,徐慎春,等.钢纤维超高强混凝土抗剪特性直剪试验研究[J].建筑结构,2016,46(15):42-46. ZHAO Yong-jiao,LIU Zhong-xian,XU Shen-chun,et al.Direct shear experimental research on shear properties of steel fiber reinforced ultra high strength concrete[J].Building Structure,2016,46(15):42-46.
[26] 薛建阳,夏海伦,李义柱,等.不同松动程度下古建筑透榫节点抗震性能试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,49(4):463-477. XUE Jian-yang,XIA Hai-lun,LI Yi-zhu,et al.Experimental study on seismic behavior of penetrated mortise-tenon joints under different degree of looseness in ancient buildings[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology:Natural Science Edition,2017,49(4):463-477.
[27] 周明华.土木工程结构试验与检测[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002. ZHOU Ming-hua.Civil engineering structure testing and detection[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2002.
[2] 纪洪广,张月征,金延,等.二长花岗岩三轴压缩下声发射特征围压效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1162-1168. JI Hong-guang,ZHANG Yue-zheng,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of confining pressure effect on acoustic emission characteristics of monzonite granite under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1162-1168.
[3] 纪洪广,卢翔.常规三轴压缩下花岗岩声发射特征及其主破裂前兆信息研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):694-702. JI Hong-guang,LU Xiang.Experimental study on characteristics of acoustic emission and rock fracture precursors under conventional triaxial compression of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):694-702.
[4] OHTSU M,ISODA T,TOMODA Y.Acoustic emission techniques standardized for concrete structure[J].Journal of Acoustic Emission,2007,25:22-32.
[5] SUZUKI T,OHTSU M,SHIGEISHI M.Relative damage evaluation of concrete in a road bridge by AE rate-process analysis[J].Materials and Structures,2007,40(2):221-227.
[6] SUZUKI T,OGATA H,TAKADA R,et al.Use of acoustic emission and X-ray computed tomography for damage evaluation of freeze-thawed concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(12):2347-2352.
[7] 纪洪广,贾立宏,李造鼎.混凝土损伤的声发射模式研究[J].声学学报,1996,21(4):601-608. JI Hong-guang,JIA Li-hong,LI Zao-ding.Study on the AE-model of concrete damage[J].Acta Acustica,1996,21(4):601-608.
[8] 纪洪广,张天森,蔡美峰,等.混凝土材料损伤的声发射动态检测试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):165-168. JI Hong-guang,ZHANG Tian-sen,CAI Mei-feng,et al.Experimental study on concrete damage by dynamic measurement of acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):165-168.
[9] 张明,李仲奎,杨强,等.准脆性材料声发射的损伤模型及统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2493-2501. ZHANG Ming,LI Zhong-kui,YANG Qiang,et al.A damage model and statistical analysis of acoustic emission for quasi-brittle materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2493-2501.
[10] TANG C A,XU X H.Evolution and propagation of material defects and Kaiser effect function[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1990,13(2):203-213.
[11] OHNO K,OHTSU M.Crack classification in concrete based on acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(12):2339-2346.
[12] AGGELIS D G.Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters[J].Mechanics Research Communications,2011,38(3):153-157.
[13] GENG J,SUN Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Studying the dynamic damage failure of concrete based on acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,149:9-16.
[14] ZHANG Ya-fang,YANG Wen-long,LIU Hao.Effect of interfacial strength on bending properties of reinforced concrete beams[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Materials Science Edition,2013,28(6):1161-1166.
[15] PREM P R,MURTHY A R.Acoustic emission monitoring of reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point-bending[J].Applied Acoustics,2017,117:28-38.
[16] TOPOLAR L,KUCHARCZYKOVA B,KOCAB D,et al.The acoustic emission parameters obtained during three-point bending test on thermal-stressed concrete specimens[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,190:111-117.
[17] 尹双增.断裂、损伤理论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1992. YIN Shuang-zeng.Fracture and damage theories and their application[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1992.
[18] 刘保县,黄敬林,王泽云,等.单轴压缩煤岩损伤演化及声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3234-3238. LIU Bao-xian,HUANG Jing-lin,WANG Ze-yun,et al.Study on damage evolution and acoustic emission character of coal-rock under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):3234-3238.
[19] 刘娟红,赵力,宋少民,等.混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀损伤的声波与声发射变化特征及机理[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(8):1075-1081. LIU Juan-hong,ZHAO Li,SONG Shao-min,et al.Ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of concrete eroded by sulfate and its damage mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(8):1075-1081.
[20] 杨永杰,王德超,郭明福,等.基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):98-104. YANG Yong-jie,WANG De-chao,GUO Ming-fu,et al.Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):98-104.
[21] 彭刚,王乾峰,陈灯红,等.基于声发射参数的混凝土循环加卸载动态损伤破坏特性研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2015,37(6):3-9. PENG Gang,WANG Qian-feng,CHEN Deng-hong,et al.AE-based dynamic damage failure characteristics of concrete under cyclic loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2015,37(6):3-9.
[22] 林峰,欧智星,卢海霞.截面预裂的RC构件直剪与斜剪承载力比较[J].建筑结构,2014,44(19):75-91. LIN Feng,OU Zhi-xing,LU Hai-xia.Comparison on the ultimate bearing capacities of direct shear and oblique shear for RC members with pre-cracked sections[J].Building Structure,2014,44(19):75-91.
[23] 赵勇,邹仁博,张之璞.配置高强钢筋的新旧混凝土结合面直剪试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2015,36(增2):346-353. ZHAO Yong,ZOU Ren-bo,ZHANG Zhi-pu.Experimental investigation on interface between concretes cast at different times with high strength steel bars under direct shear load[J].Journal of Building Structures,2015,36(S2):346-353.
[24] 李志卫,王婉,肖建庄.高温后高强混凝土剪切裂缝与拉剪箍筋销栓作用[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(3):345-351. LI Zhi-wei,WANG Wan,XIAO Jian-zhuang.Shear crack and tensile-shear stirrup dowel action of HSC after elevated temperatures[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2015,43(3):345-351.
[25] 赵永娇,刘中宪,徐慎春,等.钢纤维超高强混凝土抗剪特性直剪试验研究[J].建筑结构,2016,46(15):42-46. ZHAO Yong-jiao,LIU Zhong-xian,XU Shen-chun,et al.Direct shear experimental research on shear properties of steel fiber reinforced ultra high strength concrete[J].Building Structure,2016,46(15):42-46.
[26] 薛建阳,夏海伦,李义柱,等.不同松动程度下古建筑透榫节点抗震性能试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,49(4):463-477. XUE Jian-yang,XIA Hai-lun,LI Yi-zhu,et al.Experimental study on seismic behavior of penetrated mortise-tenon joints under different degree of looseness in ancient buildings[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology:Natural Science Edition,2017,49(4):463-477.
[27] 周明华.土木工程结构试验与检测[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002. ZHOU Ming-hua.Civil engineering structure testing and detection[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2002.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |