基于多融合态的低密度三维模型信息隐藏算法
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摘要
针对现有三维模型信息隐藏算法无法有效抵抗不均匀压缩的问题,提出一种基于多融合态的多载体低密度的信息隐藏算法。首先通过平移和缩放对多个三维模型进行定位、定向及定型;其次对三维模型进行不同角度的旋转,以中心点作为融合点进行融合,得到多个融合态;再次,利用局部高度和Mean Shift聚类分析算法对融合态模型的顶点进行能量划分,得到不同能量的顶点;最后,通过修改顶点坐标的方法将经过Arnold置乱变化的秘密信息快速隐藏于多个融合态和三维模型中。实验结果表明,该算法对抵御不均匀压缩的攻击有很好的鲁棒性且具有很高的不可见性。
Aiming at the problem that the existing 3 D model information hiding algorithms cannot effectively resist uneven compression, a multi-carrier low-density information hiding algorithm based on multiple fusion states was proposed. Firstly, multiple 3 D models were positioned, oriented and stereotyped by translation and scaling. Secondly, the 3 D models were rotated at different angles and merged by using the center point as merging point to obtain multiple fusion states. Thirdly, local height and Mean Shift clustering analysis were used to divide the energy of the vertices of the fusion state model, obtaining the vertices with different energies. Finally, by changing the vertex coordinates, the secret information changed by Arnold scrambling was quickly hidden in multiple fusion states and 3 D models. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against uneven compression attacks and has high invisibility.
Aiming at the problem that the existing 3 D model information hiding algorithms cannot effectively resist uneven compression, a multi-carrier low-density information hiding algorithm based on multiple fusion states was proposed. Firstly, multiple 3 D models were positioned, oriented and stereotyped by translation and scaling. Secondly, the 3 D models were rotated at different angles and merged by using the center point as merging point to obtain multiple fusion states. Thirdly, local height and Mean Shift clustering analysis were used to divide the energy of the vertices of the fusion state model, obtaining the vertices with different energies. Finally, by changing the vertex coordinates, the secret information changed by Arnold scrambling was quickly hidden in multiple fusion states and 3 D models. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against uneven compression attacks and has high invisibility.
引文
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[2]廖学良,王瑀屏.一种新的三维模型水印嵌入空域算法[J].计算机学报,2008,31(10):1848-1856.(LIAO X L,WANG YP.A new 3D model watermark embedding spatial algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2008,31(10):1848-1856.)
[3]WANG Y P,HU S M.A new watermarking method for 3D models based on integral invariants[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization&Computer Graphics,2009,15(2):285.
[4]任帅,赵祥模,张弢,等.基于局部高度与Mean Shift的三维模型信息隐藏算法[J].计算机科学,2017,44(3):187-191.(REN S,ZHAO X M,ZHANG T,et al.Information hiding algorithm for 3D model based on local height and Mean Shift[J].Computer Science,2017,44(3):187-191.)
[5]OHBUCHI R,MASUDA H,AONO M.Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth ACM International Conference on Multimedia.New York:ACM,1997:261-272.
[6]张建明,周小梅,王新宇,等.局部特征点的3维模型变换域水印算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2014,19(4):613-621.(ZHANG J M,ZHOU X M,WANG X Y,et al.Three-dimensional model transform domain watermarking algorithm for local feature points[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2014,19(4):613-621.)
[7]CHENG Y M,WANG C M.An adaptive steganographic algorithm for 3D polygonal meshes[J].The Visual Computer,2007,23(9/10/11):721-732.
[8]翟浩,杨有,万辉.基于顶点排序的三维模型数字水印算法[J].重庆文理学院学报(社会科学版),2014,33(5):128-133.(ZHAI H,YANG Y,WAN H.Digital watermarking algorithm based on vertex sorting for 3D models[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences(Social Sciences Edition),2014,33(5):128-133.)
[9]林金杰,朱代辉,杨育彬.3维模型局部高度研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2011,16(10):1841-1849.(LIN J J,ZHU D H,YANG Y B.Three-dimensional model study on local height[J].Journal of Image&Graphics,2011,16(10):1841-1849.)
[10]COMANICIU D,MEER P.Mean shift analysis and applications[C]//Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE,2002:1197.
[11]YI X,CAMPS O I.Line-based recognition using a multidimensional hausdorff distance[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999,21(9):901-916.
[12]任帅,张弢,杨涛,等.基于三维模型球型分割的信息隐藏算法[J].计算机应用,2017,37(9):2576-2580.(REN S,ZHANG T,YANG T,et al.Information hiding algorithm based on three-dimensional model spherical segmentation[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2017,37(9):2576-2580.)
[13]LIAO X,DING L.Data hidng in digital image using four pixel-value-differencing and multiple-base notational[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE,2016:76-80.
[14]张弢,慕德俊,任帅,等.利用内切球解析的三维模型信息隐藏算法[J].西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(2):185-190.(ZHANG T,MU D J,REN S,et al.Three-dimensional model information hiding algorithm using inner sphere parsing[J].Journal of Xidian University,2014,41(2):185-190.)
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