深井矿山全尾砂胶结充填体早期强度特性及微观影响机理分析
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摘要
为研究深井矿山全尾砂胶结充填体的早期强度特性,以某铁矿全尾砂为试验材料,在分析该矿全尾砂材料的粒径级配组成、化学成分等基本物理化学特性基础上,制备了灰砂比1∶4、1∶6、1∶8和料浆浓度为59%、62%和65%的充填体试样,测定龄期为3d和7d时单轴抗压强度,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)对充填体微观结构进行观察与分析。结果表明:超细全尾砂胶结充填体早期强度较低,充填体强度与灰砂比、料浆浓度和龄期存在正指数关系,且随着龄期的增加,充填体强度增长显著。SEM显示,当充填体龄期为3d时钙钒石和C-S-H凝胶体生成量较少,胶凝物对尾砂的包裹效果较差,充填体内部存在较大空隙,结构松散,表现为强度较低;充填体龄期为7d时钙钒石被凝胶包裹,充填体内部空隙逐渐缩小,结构密实,表现为强度增长。超细全尾砂胶结充填体早期强度对龄期敏感程度最高,灰砂比次之,料浆浓度较低。
In order to study the early strength characteristics of cemented full tailings filling in deep mines,the unclassified tailings from an iron mine was used as experimental raw material.The backfill samples with the cemented-sand ratio of 1∶4、1∶6、1∶8 and the slurry concentration of 59%,62%,and 65% were prepared after analyzing the basic physicochemical properties such as the particle size distribution and chemical composition of the tailings of the mine.The uniaxial compressive strength at 3 dand 7 dwere measured,and the microstructure of the filling body was observed and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the early strength of the ultrafine cemented full tailings filling body is low,and there is a positive exponential relationship between the strength of the backfill and the ratio of lime to sand,slurry concentration and age,and the strength of filling body increases significantly with the increase of age.SEM showed that the amount of ettringite and C-S-H gel generated was less when filling age was 3 d,and the effect of gelling on tailings was poor,and there were many big gaps in the filling body.The structure was loose and showed the strength was lower.When the filling body age was 7 d,the ettringite was packaged by gel coating and the gaps of filling body were gradually reduced,and the structure got dense,showing strength growth.The early strength of the ultrafine full tailings cemented backfill is the most sensitive to age,followed by cement-tailing ratio,and the slurry concentration is lower.
In order to study the early strength characteristics of cemented full tailings filling in deep mines,the unclassified tailings from an iron mine was used as experimental raw material.The backfill samples with the cemented-sand ratio of 1∶4、1∶6、1∶8 and the slurry concentration of 59%,62%,and 65% were prepared after analyzing the basic physicochemical properties such as the particle size distribution and chemical composition of the tailings of the mine.The uniaxial compressive strength at 3 dand 7 dwere measured,and the microstructure of the filling body was observed and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the early strength of the ultrafine cemented full tailings filling body is low,and there is a positive exponential relationship between the strength of the backfill and the ratio of lime to sand,slurry concentration and age,and the strength of filling body increases significantly with the increase of age.SEM showed that the amount of ettringite and C-S-H gel generated was less when filling age was 3 d,and the effect of gelling on tailings was poor,and there were many big gaps in the filling body.The structure was loose and showed the strength was lower.When the filling body age was 7 d,the ettringite was packaged by gel coating and the gaps of filling body were gradually reduced,and the structure got dense,showing strength growth.The early strength of the ultrafine full tailings cemented backfill is the most sensitive to age,followed by cement-tailing ratio,and the slurry concentration is lower.
引文
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[13]徐文彬,杜建华,宋卫东,等.超细全尾砂材料胶凝成岩机理试验[J].岩土力学,2013,34(8):2295-2302.XU Wenbin.DU Janhua,SONG Weidong,et al.Experiment on the mechanism of consolidating backfill body of extra-fine grain unclassified tailings[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(8):2295-2302.
[14]董璐,高谦,南世卿,等.超细全尾砂新型胶结充填料水化机理与性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(4):1571-1577.DONG Lu,GAO Qian,NAN Shiqing,et al.Performance and hydration mechanism of new super fine cemented whole-tailings backfilling materials[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(4):1571-1577.
[15]费祥俊.浆体与粒状物料输送水力学[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1994:10-11.FEI Xiangjun.Hydraulics of slurry and granular material transportation[M].Tsinghua University Press,Beijing,1994:10-11.
[16]LIU Zhixiang,LAN Ming,XIAO Siyou,et al.Damage and failure of tailings cemented backfill and its reasonable matching with rock mass[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(3):954-959.
[2]付建新,杜翠凤,宋卫东.全尾砂胶结充填体的强度敏感性及破坏机制[J].北京科技大学学报,2014,36(9):1149-1157.FU Jianxin,DU Cuifeng,SONG Weidong.Strength sensitivity and failure mechanism of full tailings sentiment backfills[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2014,36(9):1149-1157.
[3]周爱民,古德生.基于工业生态学的矿山充填模式[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(3):468-472.ZHOU Aimin,GU Desheng.Mine-filling model based on industrial ecology[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science),2004,35(3):468-472.
[4]LEE H J,HAN S R.The use of recycled tire chips to minimize dynamic earth pressure during compaction of backfill[J].Construction and Building Materials,2007,21(5):1016-1026.
[5]BENZAAZOUA M,FISET J F,BUSSIERE B,et al.Sludge recycling within cemented paste backfill:Study of the mechanical and leachability properties[J].Minerals Engineering,2006,19(5):420-432.
[6]张钦礼,姜志良,王石,等.高浓度超细全尾砂充填料浆管道输送阻力模型[J].科技导报,2014,32(24):51-55.ZHANG Qinli,JIANG Zhiliang,WANG Shi,et al.Pipeline resistance model of the filling slurry transportationwith high concentration and superfine total tailing[J].Science&Technology Review,2014,32(24):51-55.
[7]杨磊,邱景平,范凯,等.超细全尾砂胶结充填体的强度特征分析[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(1):249-256.YANG Lei,QIU Jingping,FAN Kai,et al.Analysis on strength characteristics of super-fine unclassified tailiings cemented backfills[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(1):249-256.
[8]李立涛,杨志强,王忠红,等.鞍钢矿山超细铁矿全尾砂浆絮凝沉降特性试验[J].矿业研究与开发,2017,37(3):19-23.LI Litao,YANG Zhiqiang,WANG Zhonghong,et al.Experiments on the flocculation and setting characteristics of the slurry with extra-fine iron total tailings in angang mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2017,37(3):19-23.
[9]饶运章,邵亚建,肖广哲,等.聚羧酸减水剂对超细全尾砂膏体性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(12):2647-2655.RAO Yunzhang,SHAO Yajian,XIAO Guangzhe,et al.Effect of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer onperformances of super fine tailings paste backfill[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(12):2647-2655.
[10]饶运章,邵亚建,黄永刚,等.减水剂对超细全尾砂充填体弹性模量影响[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(4):31-35.RAO Yunzhang,SHAO Yajian,HUANG Yonggang,et al.Effect of superplasticizer on the elastic modulusof super fine tailings filling body[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(4):31-35.
[11]李帅,王新民,张钦礼,等.超细全尾砂似膏体长距离自流输送的时变特性[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(7):1045-1049,1060.LI Shuai,WANG Xinmin,ZHANG Qinli,et al.Timevarying characteristic of paste-like super-Fine unclassified Tailings in long self-flowing transportation[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(7):1045-1049,1060.
[12]王新民,胡一波,王石,等.超细全尾砂充填配比优化正交试验研究[J].黄金科学技术,2015,23(3):45-49.WANG Xinmin,HU Yibo,WANG Shi,et al.Orthogonal test of optimization of ultrafine wholetailings backfill materials[J].Gold Science and Technology,2015,23(3):45-49.
[13]徐文彬,杜建华,宋卫东,等.超细全尾砂材料胶凝成岩机理试验[J].岩土力学,2013,34(8):2295-2302.XU Wenbin.DU Janhua,SONG Weidong,et al.Experiment on the mechanism of consolidating backfill body of extra-fine grain unclassified tailings[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(8):2295-2302.
[14]董璐,高谦,南世卿,等.超细全尾砂新型胶结充填料水化机理与性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(4):1571-1577.DONG Lu,GAO Qian,NAN Shiqing,et al.Performance and hydration mechanism of new super fine cemented whole-tailings backfilling materials[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(4):1571-1577.
[15]费祥俊.浆体与粒状物料输送水力学[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1994:10-11.FEI Xiangjun.Hydraulics of slurry and granular material transportation[M].Tsinghua University Press,Beijing,1994:10-11.
[16]LIU Zhixiang,LAN Ming,XIAO Siyou,et al.Damage and failure of tailings cemented backfill and its reasonable matching with rock mass[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(3):954-959.