316L奥氏体不锈钢表面低温气体渗碳层的热稳定性能
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摘要
对表面低温气体渗碳强化处理的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行300～400℃保温150,1 500,3 000h时效处理,研究了时效温度及时间对表面渗碳层物相组成、厚度、纳米硬度和残余应力的影响,分析了其热稳定性能。结果表明:渗碳层在温度300～400℃的时效过程中无新型碳化物析出;在400℃时效时,碳原子向基体内部扩散,渗碳层厚度明显增加,当时效时间为3 000h时,渗碳层与基体的界面消失,表面纳米硬度降至基体的50%;当在300℃时效时,渗碳层厚度、碳含量以及纳米硬度均没有明显变化,此温度下服役时渗碳层较为稳定;经300～400℃时效处理后,渗碳层的表面残余压应力均下降,且时效温度越高、时效时间越长,残余压应力下降的幅度越大。
316 Laustenitic stainless steel was surface enhanced by low temperature gaseous carburization,and then aged at 300-400℃ for 150,1 500,3 000 h,respectively.The effects of aging temperature and time on phase composition,thickness,nano-hardness and residual stress of the carburized surface layer were investigated.The thermal stability was analyzed.The results show that no new carbides precipitated in the carburized layer during aging at 300-400 ℃.When aged at 400 ℃,carbon atoms diffused into the substrate,leading to an obvious thickness increase of the carburized layer.The interface between the carburized layer and the substrate disappeared,and the surface nano-hardness decreased to 50%that of substrate after aging at 400 ℃for 3 000 h.When aged at300 ℃,the thickness,carbon content and nano-hardness of the carburized layer changed little;the carburized layer was relatively stable during working at 300℃.After aging at 300-400℃,the surface residual compressive stress of the carburized layer decreased,and the decreasing amplitude was larger at a higher aging temperature or for a longer aging time.
316 Laustenitic stainless steel was surface enhanced by low temperature gaseous carburization,and then aged at 300-400℃ for 150,1 500,3 000 h,respectively.The effects of aging temperature and time on phase composition,thickness,nano-hardness and residual stress of the carburized surface layer were investigated.The thermal stability was analyzed.The results show that no new carbides precipitated in the carburized layer during aging at 300-400 ℃.When aged at 400 ℃,carbon atoms diffused into the substrate,leading to an obvious thickness increase of the carburized layer.The interface between the carburized layer and the substrate disappeared,and the surface nano-hardness decreased to 50%that of substrate after aging at 400 ℃for 3 000 h.When aged at300 ℃,the thickness,carbon content and nano-hardness of the carburized layer changed little;the carburized layer was relatively stable during working at 300℃.After aging at 300-400℃,the surface residual compressive stress of the carburized layer decreased,and the decreasing amplitude was larger at a higher aging temperature or for a longer aging time.
引文
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[2]梁磊,赵阳,刘世宏,等.凝汽器材料的耐磨蚀性能及电化学性能[J].腐蚀与防护,2015,36(8):717-720.
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[16]SUN Y,CHIN L Y.Residual stress evolution and relaxation in carbon S phase layers on AISI 316austenitic stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):443-446.
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[23]MARTINAVIˇCIUS A,ABRASONIS G,SCHEINOST A C,et al.Nitrogen interstitial diffusion induced decomposition in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(10):4065-4076.
[24]LI X Y,THAIWATTHANA S,DONG H,et al.Thermal stability of carbon S phase in 316stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):448-451.
[25]ROTUNDO F,CESCHINI L,MARTINI C,et al.High temperature tribological behavior and microstructural modifications of the low-temperature carburized AISI 316Laustenitic stainless steel[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,258:772-781.
[26]WANG J,LI Z,WANG D,et al.Thermal stability of lowtemperature carburized austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2017,128:235-240.
[27]姜勇,孙宁,李洋,等.316L奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和气体渗碳层热稳定性研究[J].热加工工艺,已接收.
[28]荣冬松,姜勇,巩建鸣.奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和渗碳实验及热动力学模拟研究[J].金属学报,2015,51(12):1516-1522.
[29]CHRISTIANSEN T,SOMERS M A J.Characterisation of low temperature surface hardened stainless steel[J].Struers Journal of Materialography,2006,9(9):2-17.
[30]ERNST F,CAO Y,MICHAL G M,et al.Carbide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel carburized at low temperature[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(6):1895-1906.
[31]姜勇.奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳表面强化性能及在新能源中应用的研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2017.
[32]THAIWATTHANA S,LI X Y,DONG H,et al.Comparison studies on properties of nitrogen and carbon Sphase on low temperature plasma alloyed AISI 316stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):433-437.
[33]彭亚伟,巩建鸣,荣冬松,等.316L奥氏体不锈钢低温表面渗碳的数值分析[J].金属学报,2015,51(12):1500-1506.
[34]BUCHHAGEN P,BELL T.Simulation of the residual stress development in the diffusion layer of low alloy plasma nitrided steels[J].Computational Materials Science,1996,7(1/2):228-234.
[2]梁磊,赵阳,刘世宏,等.凝汽器材料的耐磨蚀性能及电化学性能[J].腐蚀与防护,2015,36(8):717-720.
[3]姜海一,张雅琴,贾国栋,等.奥氏体不锈钢制容器失效典型案例分析[C]//2006年全国失效分析与安全生产高级研讨会论文集.北京:中国机械工程学会,2006.
[4]韩栋,刘道新,刘树涛.汽轮机低压转子2Cr13不锈钢叶片断裂分析[J].机械工程材料,2007,31(7):45-48.
[5]陈星,姜涛,陶春虎,等.液压泵柱塞弹簧断裂失效分析[J].机械工程材料,2009,33(11):86-89.
[6]KOLSTER B H.Development of a stainless and wear-resistant steel[J].Materialen,1987,8:1-12.
[7]ERNST F,CAO Y,MICHAL G M.Carbides in lowtemperature-carburized stainless steels[J].Acta Materialia,2004,52(6):1469-1477.
[8]LIU W J,BRIMACOMBE J K,HAWBOLT E B.Influence of composition on the diffusivity of carbon in steels:I.Nonalloyed austenite[J].Acta Metallurgica et Materialia,1991,39(10):2373-2380.
[9]CAO Y,ERNST F,MICHAL G M.Colossal carbon supersaturation in austenitic stainless steels carburized at low temperature[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(14):4171-4181.
[10]SATOMI N,KANAYAMA N,WATANABE Y,et al.Effects of heat treatment conditions on formation of expanded-austenite phase in austenitic stainless steels by combining active screen and DC plasma carburizing processes[J].Materials Transactions,2017,58(8):1181-1189.
[11]CHRISTIANSEN T L,STHL K,BRINK B K,et al.On the carbon solubility in expanded austenite and formation of Hgg carbide in AISI 316stainless steel[J].Steel Research International,2016,87(11):1395-1405.
[12]ICHII K,FUJIMURA K,TAKASE T.Structure of the ionnitrided layer of 18-8stainless steel[J].Technology Reports of Kansai University,1986,27:135-144.
[13]LEWIS D B,LEYLAND A,STEVENSON P R,et al.Metallurgical study of low-temperature plasma carbon diffusion treatments for stainless steels[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1993,60(1/2/3):416-423.
[14]O′DONNELL L J,MICHAL G M,ERNST F,et al.Wear maps for low temperature carburised 316Laustenitic stainless steel sliding against alumina[J].Surface Engineering,2010,26(4):284-292.
[15]CESCHINI L,CHIAVARI C,LANZONI E,et al.Lowtemperature carburised AISI 316Laustenitic stainless steel:Wear and corrosion behaviour[J].Materials&Design,2012,38:154-160.
[16]SUN Y,CHIN L Y.Residual stress evolution and relaxation in carbon S phase layers on AISI 316austenitic stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):443-446.
[17]MICHAL G M,ERNST F,KAHN H,et al.Carbon supersaturation due to paraequilibrium carburization:Stainless steels with greatly improved mechanical properties[J].Acta Materialia,2006,54(6):1597-1606.
[18]AGARWAL N,KAHN H,AVISHAI A,et al.Enhanced fatigue resistance in 316Laustenitic stainless steel due to lowtemperature paraequilibrium carburization[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(16):5572-5580.
[19]SUN Y.Corrosion behaviour of low temperature plasma carburised 316Lstainless steel in chloride containing solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(8):2661-2670.
[20]TSUJIKAWA M,YOSHIDA D,YAMAUCHI N,et al.Surface material design of 316stainless steel by combination of low temperature carburizing and nitriding[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,200(1):507-511.
[21]MARTIN F J,LEMIEUX E,NEWBAUER T,et al.Localized corrosion resistance of LTCSS-carburized materials to seawater immersion[J].ECS Transactions,2007,3(31):613-621.
[22]BUHAGIAR J,SPITERI A,SACCO M,et al.Augmentation of crevice corrosion resistance of medical grade316LVM stainless steel by plasma carburising[J].Corrosion Science,2012,59:169-178.
[23]MARTINAVIˇCIUS A,ABRASONIS G,SCHEINOST A C,et al.Nitrogen interstitial diffusion induced decomposition in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(10):4065-4076.
[24]LI X Y,THAIWATTHANA S,DONG H,et al.Thermal stability of carbon S phase in 316stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):448-451.
[25]ROTUNDO F,CESCHINI L,MARTINI C,et al.High temperature tribological behavior and microstructural modifications of the low-temperature carburized AISI 316Laustenitic stainless steel[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,258:772-781.
[26]WANG J,LI Z,WANG D,et al.Thermal stability of lowtemperature carburized austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2017,128:235-240.
[27]姜勇,孙宁,李洋,等.316L奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和气体渗碳层热稳定性研究[J].热加工工艺,已接收.
[28]荣冬松,姜勇,巩建鸣.奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和渗碳实验及热动力学模拟研究[J].金属学报,2015,51(12):1516-1522.
[29]CHRISTIANSEN T,SOMERS M A J.Characterisation of low temperature surface hardened stainless steel[J].Struers Journal of Materialography,2006,9(9):2-17.
[30]ERNST F,CAO Y,MICHAL G M,et al.Carbide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel carburized at low temperature[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(6):1895-1906.
[31]姜勇.奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳表面强化性能及在新能源中应用的研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2017.
[32]THAIWATTHANA S,LI X Y,DONG H,et al.Comparison studies on properties of nitrogen and carbon Sphase on low temperature plasma alloyed AISI 316stainless steel[J].Surface Engineering,2002,18(6):433-437.
[33]彭亚伟,巩建鸣,荣冬松,等.316L奥氏体不锈钢低温表面渗碳的数值分析[J].金属学报,2015,51(12):1500-1506.
[34]BUCHHAGEN P,BELL T.Simulation of the residual stress development in the diffusion layer of low alloy plasma nitrided steels[J].Computational Materials Science,1996,7(1/2):228-234.