超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验
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摘要
振动有助于碎岩,以往关于振动碎岩机理的研究大多在低频率段展开。为填补超高频率段下振动碎岩机理的空白,采用单轴动静组合加载模式,开展了超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验研究,其中超声波振动频率为20kHz,预压范围为100～500N。研究结果表明:当预压小于200N时,岩石内部应力状态无法满足强度准则,岩石强度下降不明显;当预压大于等于200N时,岩石强度随振动时间的增加而逐渐降低且存在最优预压力值(400N)使得岩石强度最低。缩短振动频率与岩石固有频率的差值有利于提高超声波振动碎岩效率。
Vibration contributes to crushing of rocks.Research on the mechanism of vibrating rock is usually carried out in the low frequency range.In order to fill in the gap of the mechanism of rock crushing by vibration of ultra-high frequency section,an experimental study on the effect of ultrasonic vibration on rock strength under different stress conditions was conducted based on static and dynamic loading models,under the condition that the ultrasonic vibration frequency was 20 kHz,and the preloading range was 100-500 N.It is demonstrated that the rock strength remained unchanged basically when the preloading was less than 200 N.The reason is that the internal stress state of rock did not meet the strength criterion.When the preloading was more than 200 N,the rock strength increased with vibration duration,and there is an optimal preloading value(400 N)to minimize the rock strength.The efficiency of ultrasonic vibration rock crushing can be improved by narrowing the difference between the vibration frequency and the natural frequency of the rock.
Vibration contributes to crushing of rocks.Research on the mechanism of vibrating rock is usually carried out in the low frequency range.In order to fill in the gap of the mechanism of rock crushing by vibration of ultra-high frequency section,an experimental study on the effect of ultrasonic vibration on rock strength under different stress conditions was conducted based on static and dynamic loading models,under the condition that the ultrasonic vibration frequency was 20 kHz,and the preloading range was 100-500 N.It is demonstrated that the rock strength remained unchanged basically when the preloading was less than 200 N.The reason is that the internal stress state of rock did not meet the strength criterion.When the preloading was more than 200 N,the rock strength increased with vibration duration,and there is an optimal preloading value(400 N)to minimize the rock strength.The efficiency of ultrasonic vibration rock crushing can be improved by narrowing the difference between the vibration frequency and the natural frequency of the rock.
引文
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[2]Xu G Y,Yan C B.Numerical Simulation for Influence of Excavation and Blasting Vibration on Stability of Mined-out Area[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2006,13:577-583.
[3]Roussy R.The Development of Sonic Drilling Technology[J].Geo-Drilling International,2002,10:12-14
[4]Oothoudt T.Sonic Drilling:An Environmental Imperative[J].Geo-Drilling International,1998,2:14-16
[5]Davison L,Stevens A L.Continuum Measures of Spall Damage[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1972,43:988-994.
[6]Whittles D N,Kingman S,Lowndes I,et al.Laboratory and Numerical Investigation into the Characteristics of Rock Fragmentation[J].Minerals Engineering,2006,19:1418-1429.
[7]Li X B,Zhou Z L,Lok Tat-Seng,et al.Innovative Testing Technique of Rock Subjected to Coupled Static and Dynamic Loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):739-748.
[8]李夕兵,周子龙,叶州元,等.岩石动静组合加载力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1387-1395.Li Xibing,Zhou Zilong,Ye Zhouyuan,et al.Study of Rock Mechanical Characteristics Under Coupled Static and Dynamic Loads[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1387-1395.
[9]李夕兵,宫凤强,高科,等.一维动静组合加载下岩石冲击破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):251-260.Li Xibing,Gong Fengqiang,Gao Ke,et al.Test Study of Impact Failure of Rock Subjected to One Dimensional Coupled Static and Dynamic Loads[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):251-260.
[10]尹土兵,李夕兵,叶洲元,等.温-压耦合及动力扰动下岩石破碎的能量耗散[J].岩石力学与工程报,2013,32(6):1197-1202.Yin Tubing,Li Xibing,Ye Zhouyuan,et al.Energy Dissipation of Rock Fracture Under ThermoMechanical Coupling and Dynamic Disturbances[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(6):1197-1202.
[11]Nikolic M,Ibrahimbegovic A.Rock Mechanics Model Capable of Representing Initial Heterogeneities and Full Set of 3D Failure Mechanisms[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2015,290:209-227.
[12]Zhong J H,Liu S X,Ma Y S,et al.Macro-Fracture Mode and Micro-Fracture Mechanism of Shale[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42:269-276.
[13]Rabczuk T,Bordas S,Zi G.On Three-Dimensional Modelling of Crack Growth Using Partition of Unity Methods[J].Computers&Structures,2010,88(23):1391-1411
[14]Bazant Z P,Caner F C,Carol Ignacio,et al.Microplane Model M4for Concrete:I:Formulation with Work-Conjugate Deviatoric Stress[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(9):944-953.
[15]张德海,朱浮声,邢纪,等,岩石类非均质脆性材料破坏过程的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):570-574.Zhang Dehai,Zhu Fusheng,Xing Ji,et al.Numerical Simulation of Fracture Propagation of Anisotropic Rock-Like Materials[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):570-574.
[16]Volkov CД.The Intensity Statistical Theory[M].Beijing:Science Press,1965
[17]尹崧宇,赵大军,周宇,等,超声波振动下非均匀岩石损伤过程数值模拟与试验[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(2):526-533.Yin Songyu,Zhao Dajun,Zhou Yu,et al.Numerical Smulation and Experiment of the Damage Process of Heterogeneous Rock Under Ultrasonic Vibration[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2017,47(2):526-533.
[18]Chang C S,Wang T K,Sluys L J,et al.Fracture Modeling Using a Micro-Structural Mechanics Approach:I:Theory and Formulation[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002,69:1941-1958.