魔芋甘露寡糖对生长獭兔肠道菌群、挥发性脂肪酸含量及结构形态的影响
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摘要
旨在研究魔芋甘露寡糖(konjac mannose oligosaccharide,KON-MOS)添加水平对生长獭兔肠道菌群、挥发性脂肪酸含量及结构形态的影响,为其在獭兔生产中的应用提供依据。选取120只42日龄左右,平均体质量为(0.84±0.07) kg的健康白色獭兔,随机分为5组,每组24个重复(公母各半),每个重复1只,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组),50,100,150,200 mg/kg KON-MOS的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:饲粮KON-MOS水平对生长獭兔的胃、十二指肠、盲肠上部、中部以及底部的pH均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮KON-MOS水平对生长獭兔盲肠的总挥发性脂肪酸含量以及乙酸和丁酸含量均有显著影响(P<0.05);饲粮KON-MOS水平对生长獭兔盲肠的大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌以及乳酸菌含量均有显著影响(P<0.05);饲粮KON-MOS水平对生长獭兔十二指肠的肠绒毛高度无显著影响(P>0.05),对隐窝深度及绒毛高度和隐窝深度比均有显著影响(P<0.05)。结果表明,KON-MOS有使生长獭兔盲肠的pH降低的趋势,能改善盲肠菌群组成,提高盲肠内挥发性脂肪酸含量,改善十二指肠的结构形态。
This experiment is conducted to study the effects of dietary supplemental konjac mannan oligosaccharide on intestinal flora,content of volatile fatty acids and morphology and structure of growing Rex rabbits,and provide scientific reference for its application in Rex rabbit production.One hundred and twenty weanling Rex rabbits with an average body weight of(0.84±0.07)kg were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 24 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 1 rabbit.Rabbits in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0 mg/kg(control group),50,100,150 and 200 mg/kg konjac mannose oligosaccharide,respectively.There was a pretrial period of 7 days followed by an experimental period of 60 days.Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had no significant influence on pH of stomach,duodenum and the upper,middle and lower ends of cecum(P>0.05).Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had significant influence on total volatile fatty acid,acetic acid and butyric acid content of cecum(P<0.05).Dietary konjacmannose oligosaccharide level had significant influence on Escherichia coli,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus content of cecum(P<0.05).Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had no significant influence on intestinal villus height of duodenum(P>0.05),and significant influence on crypt depth(P<0.05),and the height and crypt depth ratio(P<0.05).Comprehensive consideration,konjac mannose oligosaccharide not only can improve the intestinal environment and structure and morphology of duodenum but also can increase the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecum and reduce the pH of the cecum.
This experiment is conducted to study the effects of dietary supplemental konjac mannan oligosaccharide on intestinal flora,content of volatile fatty acids and morphology and structure of growing Rex rabbits,and provide scientific reference for its application in Rex rabbit production.One hundred and twenty weanling Rex rabbits with an average body weight of(0.84±0.07)kg were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 24 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 1 rabbit.Rabbits in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0 mg/kg(control group),50,100,150 and 200 mg/kg konjac mannose oligosaccharide,respectively.There was a pretrial period of 7 days followed by an experimental period of 60 days.Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had no significant influence on pH of stomach,duodenum and the upper,middle and lower ends of cecum(P>0.05).Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had significant influence on total volatile fatty acid,acetic acid and butyric acid content of cecum(P<0.05).Dietary konjacmannose oligosaccharide level had significant influence on Escherichia coli,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus content of cecum(P<0.05).Dietary konjac mannose oligosaccharide level had no significant influence on intestinal villus height of duodenum(P>0.05),and significant influence on crypt depth(P<0.05),and the height and crypt depth ratio(P<0.05).Comprehensive consideration,konjac mannose oligosaccharide not only can improve the intestinal environment and structure and morphology of duodenum but also can increase the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecum and reduce the pH of the cecum.
引文
[1] RAMIREZ-HERNANDEZ A,RUPNOW J,HUTKINS R W.Adherence reduction of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains to HEp-2 cells by mannan oligosaccharides and a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry extract[J].J Food Prot,2015,78(8):1496-1505.
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[8] 张宏福,张莉,方路,等.异麦芽低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道VFA 浓度、pH 值及黏膜形态结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2002,14(1):19-24.
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[12] SHANMUGASUNDARAM R,SIFRI M,SELVAR-AJ R K.Effect of yeast cell product supplementation on broiler cecal microflora species and immune responses during an experimental coccidial infection.[J].Poult Sci,2013,92 (5):1195-1201.
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[14] IANNACCONE F,BOVERA F.Mannan oligosaccharides in rabbit nutrition:a review[J].J Nutr Ecol Food Res,2013,1(1):2-11.
[15] OYOFO B A,DELOACH J R,CORRIER D E,et al.Effect of carbohydrates on Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens[J].Avian Dis,1989,33(3):531-534.
[16] MOUR?O J L,PINHEIRO V,ALVES A,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance,intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2006,126(1):107-120.
[17] 杨德君.甘露寡糖对兔肠道微生态影响的研究[D].湖南长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[18] BOVERA F,NIZZA S,MARONO S,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on rabbit performance,digestibility and rectal Bacterial anaerobic populations during an episode of epizootic rabbit enteropathy[J].World Rabbitence,2010,18(1):9-16.
[19] 杨睿,黎春秀,付利芝,等.不同日龄家兔肠道微生物群落结构[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(9):1693-1698.
[20] PINHEIRO V,ALVES A,MOUR?O J L,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the ileal morphometry and cecal fermentation of growing rabbits[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress,Pueblo,Mexico,2005:936-941.
[21] YANG Y,IJI P A,KOCHER A,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance,energy utilisation,nutrient digestibility,and intestinal microflora[J].Br Poult Sci,2008,49(2):186-194.
[2] DIMITROGLOU A,MERRIFIELD D L,MOATE R,et al.Dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation modulates intestinal microbial ecology and improvesgut morphology of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)[J].J Anim Sci,2009,87(10):3226-3234.
[3] NOCHTA I,TUBOLY T,HALAS V,et al.Effect of different levels of mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation on some immunological variables in weaned piglets[J].J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl),2009,93(4):496-504.
[4] YOSHIDA T.Nutrient requirements of rabbits[J].Exp Anim,1971,20(2):47-57.
[5] 谷子林.家兔饲料的配制与配方[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[6] 谷子林,李江,张玉华,等.日粮粗纤维水平对断乳力克斯兔腹泻率、消化道pH和盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):21-25.
[7] 朱瑞良,牛钟相,常伟山.不同日龄兔肠道正常微生物群的研究[J].中国兽医学报,1996,16(2):176-178.
[8] 张宏福,张莉,方路,等.异麦芽低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道VFA 浓度、pH 值及黏膜形态结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2002,14(1):19-24.
[9] 高振华,李英,赵国先,等.獭兔消化道pH及主要消化酶变化规律研究[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):72-77.
[10] 朱克华.酸化饮水对断奶幼兔生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道环境的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[11] JAHANIAN R,ASHNAGAR M.Effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides on performance,blood metabolites,ileal nutrient digestibility,and gut microflora in Escherichia coli challenged laying hens[J].Poult Sci,2015,94(9):2165-2172.
[12] SHANMUGASUNDARAM R,SIFRI M,SELVAR-AJ R K.Effect of yeast cell product supplementation on broiler cecal microflora species and immune responses during an experimental coccidial infection.[J].Poult Sci,2013,92 (5):1195-1201.
[13] SPRING P,WENK C,CONNOLLY A,et al.A review of 733 published trials on Bio-Mos,a mannan oligosaccharide,and Actigen,a second generation mannose rich fraction,on farm and companion animals[J].J Appl Anim Nutr,2015(6):2-10.
[14] IANNACCONE F,BOVERA F.Mannan oligosaccharides in rabbit nutrition:a review[J].J Nutr Ecol Food Res,2013,1(1):2-11.
[15] OYOFO B A,DELOACH J R,CORRIER D E,et al.Effect of carbohydrates on Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens[J].Avian Dis,1989,33(3):531-534.
[16] MOUR?O J L,PINHEIRO V,ALVES A,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance,intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2006,126(1):107-120.
[17] 杨德君.甘露寡糖对兔肠道微生态影响的研究[D].湖南长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[18] BOVERA F,NIZZA S,MARONO S,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on rabbit performance,digestibility and rectal Bacterial anaerobic populations during an episode of epizootic rabbit enteropathy[J].World Rabbitence,2010,18(1):9-16.
[19] 杨睿,黎春秀,付利芝,等.不同日龄家兔肠道微生物群落结构[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(9):1693-1698.
[20] PINHEIRO V,ALVES A,MOUR?O J L,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the ileal morphometry and cecal fermentation of growing rabbits[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress,Pueblo,Mexico,2005:936-941.
[21] YANG Y,IJI P A,KOCHER A,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance,energy utilisation,nutrient digestibility,and intestinal microflora[J].Br Poult Sci,2008,49(2):186-194.