不同肉色桃杂交后代主要性状遗传规律研究
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摘要
【目的】探讨红肉桃不同杂交后代果实性状的遗传规律。【方法】以‘野鸡红’ב银河’、‘夏乙女’ב半斤桃’、‘野鸡红’ב00-20-42’(‘霞光’בNF’)、‘瑞光18号’ב北京一线红’、‘霞脆’ב北京一线红’5个杂交组合F1代为材料,分析不同组合后代果实成熟期、果肉颜色分离情况,并对‘夏乙女’ב半斤桃’组合后代果实形状、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、花色苷含量、糖与酸组分等性状进行遗传变异分析。【结果】红肉性状在所有试验组合中均呈显性,后代群体红肉桃单株与白肉桃单株比例接近1:1,符合一对等位基因分离规律;早期成熟的单株果肉颜色以红色居多,白肉桃单株成熟期相对较晚,并存在明显的超亲现象。‘夏乙女’ב半斤桃’后代果形更多遗传了父本的卵圆性状;白肉桃单株花色苷平均值为0.008 1 mg·g~(-1),远低于红肉桃单株的0.068 7 mg·g~(-1);后代单株果实以甜风味为主,其中红肉桃单株甜风味占54.55%,白肉桃单株达84.31%;可溶性固形物含量白肉桃单株平均值为10.93%,高于红肉桃单株的9.68%,糖组分中以蔗糖含量最高,白肉桃单株平均值为43.069 g·L~(-1),红肉桃单株平均值为40.087 g·L~(-1);山梨醇含量最低,白肉桃单株平均值为5.322 g·L~(-1),高于红肉桃的3.515 g·L~(-1),葡萄糖和果糖含量差异不大;可滴定酸含量白肉桃单株平均值为0.207%,低于红肉桃的0.356%;酸组分中,白肉桃和红肉桃单株均以苹果酸含量最高,分别为2.289 g·L~(-1)和3.009 g·L~(-1),柠檬酸含量最低。可溶性固形物含量变异系数最小,可滴定酸最大,蔗糖组合传递力、中亲优势、超亲优势最高;花色苷在后代单株中组合传递力最低,仅为23.519%,中亲优势、超亲优势为负值。【结论】红肉性状在所有试验组合中均呈显性,成熟期存在明显的超亲现象。早期成熟单株果肉颜色以红色为主,后期成熟单株果肉为白色。‘夏乙女’ב半斤桃’组合F1代群体花色苷在后代单株中组合传递力低,后代果实风味以甜为主,可溶性糖以蔗糖为主,后代组合传递力和超亲优势明显,有助于后代果实甜风味的改进。
【Objective】The demand of red-flesh peach for its antioxidative effect beneficial for the human health is increasing nowadays.However,red-flesh peach varieties are very limited for lack of breeding.'Tianxianhong'and'Boshandahong'were originated from occational seedling.'Zhongtaoziyu'and'Zaoxianhong'are the only new varieties of red-flesh bred through hybridization by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Pomology and Tea Culture,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It is of importance to understand the genetic tendency of the hybrids originated from crossing between the red flesh and white flesh peaches forbreeding new varieties.【Methods】F1 progenies of five crossing combinations ['Yejihong'×'Yinhe','Xiayinu'×'Banjintao','Ruiguang 18'×'Beijingyixianhong','Yejihong'×'00-20-42'('Xiaguang'×'NF'),'Xiacui'×'Beijingyixianhong'] were used as materials to analyze the inheritance tendency of fruit characters.'Banjintao''Yejihong'and'Beijingyixianhong'are red-flesh,'Xiayinu''Yinhe'and'Xiacui'are white-flesh and'Ruiguang 18''00-20-42'are yellow-flesh.The plants started to bear fruit in 2010.The fruits were harvested and identified in 2012,2013,2014 and2015.The fruits were brought to the lab for processing and determination.The genetic analysis of fruit sugar,acid and anthocyanin were performed on the offspring of the group B('Xiayinü'×'Banjintao').The fruit samples were collected when the pulp was homogeneity on both sides of the fruit suture.One portions were used for testing soluble solids content,total acid content,anthocyanin content,another portions were stored at-20 ℃ for analyzing sugar and acid components.A handheld pocket refractometer PAL-1 was used to determine flesh SSC and titration method(PHSJ-3 F) was used to determine the titratable acid content.The contents of sucrose,glucose,fructose,sorbitol,quinieric acid,malic acid and citric acid were measured using high performance liquid chromatogtaphy(Agilent 1100).【Results】The results showed that the red-flesh trait was dominant in the progenies of all the combinationss,for that the red/white ratio fitted on the 1:1 separation rule.Most early ripenning plants bore red-flesh fruits,while maturity of white-flesh fruits was relatively late,with transgressive inheritance tendency.The F1 fruit shape of 'Xiayinu'×'Banjintao'mostly were ovate.Among the red-flesh individuals 54.55% of the fruits were sweet,while among the white-flesh seedlings 84.31% of the fruits were sweet.The average flesh anthocyanin content of white-flesh fruits was about 0.008 1 mg·g-1,which was much lower than that of of red-flesh fruits,0.068 7 mg·g-1.The average soluble solids content of white-flesh offspring was 10.931%,which was higher than that of the red-flesh fruits,9.683%.The average sucrose content of white-flesh fruits was 43.069 g·L~(-1) and that of red-flesh fruits was 40.087 g·L~(-1).The sorbitol content of white-flesh fruits was 5.322 g·L~(-1),and that of the red-flesh fruits was 3.515 g·L~(-1).There was no difference in the average glucose and fructose content among the fruits with different flesh colors.The average titratable acid content of white-flesh was 0.207%,and that of the red-flesh fruits was 0.356%.The average malic acid content of the white-flesh fruits and the red-flesh fruits was2.289 g·L~(-1) and 3.009 g·L~(-1),respectively.The citric acid content was the lowest in the fruits of the offsprings.Coefficient of variation of the SSC was the lowerest,and that of the acid was the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination,the mid-parent heterosis and the over-parent heterosis of sucrose content were the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination,of the anthocyanin was the lowest(23.159%),while mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis,of it were negative.【Conclusion】The red-flesh was dominant in the progenies of all the cross combinations.The red flesh might be related to the early ripenning of the fruits.The transmiting ability of cross combination and the over-parent heterosis of the soluble sugar in the F1 population of'Xiayinü'× Banjintao'was the highest,the majority of th eoffsprings were sweet,implying the possibility of increase of th esugar content by improvement,while the transmiting ability of cross combinatio of the anthocyanin,was the lowerest.
【Objective】The demand of red-flesh peach for its antioxidative effect beneficial for the human health is increasing nowadays.However,red-flesh peach varieties are very limited for lack of breeding.'Tianxianhong'and'Boshandahong'were originated from occational seedling.'Zhongtaoziyu'and'Zaoxianhong'are the only new varieties of red-flesh bred through hybridization by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Pomology and Tea Culture,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It is of importance to understand the genetic tendency of the hybrids originated from crossing between the red flesh and white flesh peaches forbreeding new varieties.【Methods】F1 progenies of five crossing combinations ['Yejihong'×'Yinhe','Xiayinu'×'Banjintao','Ruiguang 18'×'Beijingyixianhong','Yejihong'×'00-20-42'('Xiaguang'×'NF'),'Xiacui'×'Beijingyixianhong'] were used as materials to analyze the inheritance tendency of fruit characters.'Banjintao''Yejihong'and'Beijingyixianhong'are red-flesh,'Xiayinu''Yinhe'and'Xiacui'are white-flesh and'Ruiguang 18''00-20-42'are yellow-flesh.The plants started to bear fruit in 2010.The fruits were harvested and identified in 2012,2013,2014 and2015.The fruits were brought to the lab for processing and determination.The genetic analysis of fruit sugar,acid and anthocyanin were performed on the offspring of the group B('Xiayinü'×'Banjintao').The fruit samples were collected when the pulp was homogeneity on both sides of the fruit suture.One portions were used for testing soluble solids content,total acid content,anthocyanin content,another portions were stored at-20 ℃ for analyzing sugar and acid components.A handheld pocket refractometer PAL-1 was used to determine flesh SSC and titration method(PHSJ-3 F) was used to determine the titratable acid content.The contents of sucrose,glucose,fructose,sorbitol,quinieric acid,malic acid and citric acid were measured using high performance liquid chromatogtaphy(Agilent 1100).【Results】The results showed that the red-flesh trait was dominant in the progenies of all the combinationss,for that the red/white ratio fitted on the 1:1 separation rule.Most early ripenning plants bore red-flesh fruits,while maturity of white-flesh fruits was relatively late,with transgressive inheritance tendency.The F1 fruit shape of 'Xiayinu'×'Banjintao'mostly were ovate.Among the red-flesh individuals 54.55% of the fruits were sweet,while among the white-flesh seedlings 84.31% of the fruits were sweet.The average flesh anthocyanin content of white-flesh fruits was about 0.008 1 mg·g-1,which was much lower than that of of red-flesh fruits,0.068 7 mg·g-1.The average soluble solids content of white-flesh offspring was 10.931%,which was higher than that of the red-flesh fruits,9.683%.The average sucrose content of white-flesh fruits was 43.069 g·L~(-1) and that of red-flesh fruits was 40.087 g·L~(-1).The sorbitol content of white-flesh fruits was 5.322 g·L~(-1),and that of the red-flesh fruits was 3.515 g·L~(-1).There was no difference in the average glucose and fructose content among the fruits with different flesh colors.The average titratable acid content of white-flesh was 0.207%,and that of the red-flesh fruits was 0.356%.The average malic acid content of the white-flesh fruits and the red-flesh fruits was2.289 g·L~(-1) and 3.009 g·L~(-1),respectively.The citric acid content was the lowest in the fruits of the offsprings.Coefficient of variation of the SSC was the lowerest,and that of the acid was the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination,the mid-parent heterosis and the over-parent heterosis of sucrose content were the highest.The transmiting ability of cross combination,of the anthocyanin was the lowest(23.159%),while mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis,of it were negative.【Conclusion】The red-flesh was dominant in the progenies of all the cross combinations.The red flesh might be related to the early ripenning of the fruits.The transmiting ability of cross combination and the over-parent heterosis of the soluble sugar in the F1 population of'Xiayinü'× Banjintao'was the highest,the majority of th eoffsprings were sweet,implying the possibility of increase of th esugar content by improvement,while the transmiting ability of cross combinatio of the anthocyanin,was the lowerest.
引文
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[3]郭咏梅,段延碧,李少明,黄平,涂建,李华慧,萧凤回,谭学林.有色稻米Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn含量及与种皮颜色相关分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(6):971-981.GUO Yongmei,DUAN Yanbi,LI Shaoming,HUANG Ping,TUJian,LI Huahui,XIAO Fenghui,TAN Xuelin.Evaluation and correlation analysis on mineral concentrations and pigment content in pericarp of color rice[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(6):971-981.
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