基于数值计算方法的储罐内爆辐射区域影响研究
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摘要
以5 000m~3立式拱顶储罐为研究对象,建立了储罐内外流场三维有限元模型,在考虑储罐壁面传热的前提下,采用组分概率密度运输燃烧模型对储罐内爆过程进行数值模拟分析,计算不同工况内爆载荷作用下的辐射半径。结果表明:空罐中心起爆时,爆炸压力波辐射距离为55m,相比靠近罐壁一侧起爆时的辐射距离减少10%;爆炸压力波辐射距离随液位的升高逐渐缩短,满灌、半罐液位相比空罐爆炸压力波辐射距离依次缩短37%、17%;在空罐中心起爆时,正向爆炸压力波传播距离相比侧向辐射的更远、更危险,辐射传播距离增加20%。
Taking 5 000 m~3 vertical vault tank as the object of study, a three-dimensional finite element model for the tank's internal and external flow fields was established. On the premise of considering heat transmission on the tank surface, the component propability density transport combustion model was used to simulate and analyze explosion process inside the tank and to calculate radiation radius under different conditions of explosion load. The results show that the radiation distance of the explosion pressure wave is 55 m at the center of empty tank, which is 10% less than that at the side near the tank wall; the radiation distance of the pressure wave shortens gradually with the increase of liquid level, which is 37% and 17% shorter at full and half tank level than that at the center of empty tank. Center explosion radiation distance is farther and more dangerous than that of the side explosion and the distance of radiation transmission increases by 20%.
Taking 5 000 m~3 vertical vault tank as the object of study, a three-dimensional finite element model for the tank's internal and external flow fields was established. On the premise of considering heat transmission on the tank surface, the component propability density transport combustion model was used to simulate and analyze explosion process inside the tank and to calculate radiation radius under different conditions of explosion load. The results show that the radiation distance of the explosion pressure wave is 55 m at the center of empty tank, which is 10% less than that at the side near the tank wall; the radiation distance of the pressure wave shortens gradually with the increase of liquid level, which is 37% and 17% shorter at full and half tank level than that at the center of empty tank. Center explosion radiation distance is farther and more dangerous than that of the side explosion and the distance of radiation transmission increases by 20%.
引文
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[2] Gieras M,Klemens R,Rarata G,et al.Determination of Explosion Parameters of Methane-Air Mixtures in the Chamber of 40dm3 at Normal and Elevated Temperature[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2006,19(2):263～270.
[3] 杨国刚,岳丹婷,毕明树.圆柱形可燃气云爆炸实验研究与数值模拟[J].化工学报,2008,59(11):2954～2959.
[4] Mercx W P M,Van den Berg A C.The Explosion Blast Prediction Model in the Revised CPR[J].Process Safety Progress,1997,(16):27～32.
[5] Wharton R K,Formby S A,Merrifield R.Air Blast TNT Equivalence for a Range of Commercial Blasting Explosives[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,79(1):31～39.
[6] 毕明树.开敞空间可燃气云爆炸压力研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2001.
[7] Tauseef S M,Rashtchian D,Abbasi T,et al.A Method for Simulation of Vapour Cloud Explosions Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2011,24(5):638～647.
[8] 胡可.钢储罐结构爆炸冲击荷载与动力响应的数值模拟研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[9] 黄佩玉.连通容器内可燃气体爆炸及泄爆过程的数值模拟[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2015.
[10] 周宁.置障长管内丙烷-空气爆炸过程的流场特性研究[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(3):1～4.
[11] 刘叶,杨建江,丁永君,等.大型LNG储罐火灾作用下的温度场及最小安全距离分析[J].特种结构,2013,30(5):25～32.
[12] 路胜卓.可燃气体爆炸作用下大型钢制储油罐破坏机理研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.
[13] 冯瑞,张早校,段权,等.常压立式油气储罐碎片撞击及防护措施研究[J].压力容器,2018,35(4):59～66.
[14] 徐志胜,姜学鹏.安全系统工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.
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