内蒙古根河地区驼鹿冬季采食生境、卧息生境选择研究
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摘要
2013年至2015年冬季,综合运用动物生态调查技术、种群生态学、行为生态学等研究技术,研究了内蒙古根河地区驼鹿(Alces alces)冬季采食生境选择和卧息生境选择。研究结果:内蒙古根河地区冬季驼鹿采食生境选择与距针叶林距离、距道路距离、隐蔽级、距工矿距离呈负相关;与距农田距离、桦丰富度呈正相关;驼鹿冬季采食生境选择的概率模型为:P=e~z/(1+e~z),其中z=-0. 401-0. 423×距针叶林距离-0. 513×距道路距离-0. 564×距工矿距离+1. 405×距农田距离-0. 420×隐蔽级+0. 553×桦,e为自然数。内蒙古根河地区驼鹿卧息地选择与距河流距离、郁闭度呈负相关,而距阔叶林距离、距农田距离呈正相关。驼鹿冬季卧息生境选择概率模型为:P=e~z/(1+e~z),其中z=-2. 068-0. 757×距河流距离+0. 929×距阔叶林距离+0. 731×距农田距离-0. 574×郁闭度,e为自然数。由于影响驼鹿冬季采食行为和卧息行为的驱动因子及其表达空间分布上的差异,导致其采食生境与卧息生境选择的因子具有显著差异。
During the winters of 2013 to 2015,the selection of feeding habitats and bedding habitats of moose( Alces alces) in the Genhe region in deep winter was analyzed by using the techniques of animal ecological investigation, population ecology and behavioral ecology. Feeding habitat selection was negatively correlated with the distance to coniferous forest, distance to roads,concealment level,and distance to industrial and mining sites. It was positively correlated with distance from farmland and broadleaf forest. The probability of the feeding habitat selection of moose in winter was calculated as: P = ez/( 1 + ez),where z =-0. 401-0. 423 × distance to coniferous forest-0. 513 × distance to road-0. 564 × distance to industrial and mining + 1. 405 × distance to farmland-0. 420 × concealment level + 0. 553 × distance to broadleaf forest,where e is the base of natural logarithms. The selection of moose bedding site was negatively correlated with distance to a river and canopy density. It was positively correlated with distance to broadleaf forest,and distance to farmland. The probability model of moose habitat selection in winter was calculated as: P = ez/( 1 + ez),where z =-2. 068-0. 757 × distance to river + 0. 929 × distance to broadleaf forest + 0. 731 × distance to farmland-0. 574 × canopy coverage,where e is the base of natural logarithms. Different factors affected spatial distribution and selection of feeding and bed sites used by moose in winter.
During the winters of 2013 to 2015,the selection of feeding habitats and bedding habitats of moose( Alces alces) in the Genhe region in deep winter was analyzed by using the techniques of animal ecological investigation, population ecology and behavioral ecology. Feeding habitat selection was negatively correlated with the distance to coniferous forest, distance to roads,concealment level,and distance to industrial and mining sites. It was positively correlated with distance from farmland and broadleaf forest. The probability of the feeding habitat selection of moose in winter was calculated as: P = ez/( 1 + ez),where z =-0. 401-0. 423 × distance to coniferous forest-0. 513 × distance to road-0. 564 × distance to industrial and mining + 1. 405 × distance to farmland-0. 420 × concealment level + 0. 553 × distance to broadleaf forest,where e is the base of natural logarithms. The selection of moose bedding site was negatively correlated with distance to a river and canopy density. It was positively correlated with distance to broadleaf forest,and distance to farmland. The probability model of moose habitat selection in winter was calculated as: P = ez/( 1 + ez),where z =-2. 068-0. 757 × distance to river + 0. 929 × distance to broadleaf forest + 0. 731 × distance to farmland-0. 574 × canopy coverage,where e is the base of natural logarithms. Different factors affected spatial distribution and selection of feeding and bed sites used by moose in winter.
引文
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[24]BALSOM S,BALLARD W B,WHITLAW H A.Mature coniferous forest as critical moose habitat[J].Alces,1996,32:131-140.
[25]HJELJORD O,HVIK N,PEDERSEN H B.Choice of feeding sites by moose during summer,the influence of forest structure and plant phenology[J].Ecography,1990,13(4):281-292.
[26]GERMAINE S S,GERMAINE H L,BOE S R.Characteristics of mule deer day-bed and forage sites in current-condition and restoration-treated ponderosa pine forest[J].Wildlife Society Bulletin,2004,32(2):554-564.
[27]VERME L J.Swamp conifer deeryards in Northern Michigan their ecology and management[J].Journal of Forestry,1965,63(7):523-529.
[28]VERME L J.Influence of winter weather on white-tailed deer in Upper Michigan.Research and Development Report[J].Dept.Nat.Res.,1971,237:1-14.
[29]OZOGA J J,GYSEL L W.Response of white-tailed deer to winter weather[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1972,36(3):892-896.
[30]KELSALL J P.Structural adaptations of moose and deer for snow[J].Journal of Mammalogy,1969,50(2):302-310.
[2]魏辅文,冯祚建,王祖望.相岭山系大熊猫和小熊猫对生境的选择[J].动物学报,1999,45(1):57-63.
[3]ARMSTRONG E,EULER D,RACEY G.Winter bed-site selection by white-tailed deer in Central Ontario[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1983,47(3):880-884.
[4]张明海,萧前柱.冬季马鹿采食生境和卧息生境选择的研究[J].兽类学报,1990,10(3):175-183.
[5]李言阔.森林采伐对马鹿冬季生境选择的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005.
[6]刘振生,张明明,李志刚,等.贺兰山马鹿冬季取食和卧息生境选择[J].兽类学报,2009,29(2):133-141.
[7]MANLY B F J,MCDONALD L L,THOMAS D L.Resource selection by animals:statistical design and analysis for field studies[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1993.
[8]BOYCE M S,MCDONALD L L.Relation populations to habitats using resource selection functions[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1999,14(7):268-272.
[9]李欣海,马志军,李典谟,等.应用资源选择函数研究朱鹮的巢址选择[J].生物多样性,2001,9(4):352-358.
[10]HOSMER D W Jr,LEMESHOW S,STURDIVANT R X.Applied logistic regression[M].New York:JohnWiley&Sons,1989.
[11]LENNON J J.Resource selection functions:taking space seriously[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1999,14(10):399-400.
[12]SACHOT S,PERRIN N,NEET C.Winter habitat selection by two sympatric forest grouse in western Switzerland:implications for conservation[J].Biological Conservation,2003,112(3):373-382.
[13]王正寰,王小明.资源选择函数拟合藏狐洞穴生境利用特征的有效性分析[J].生物多样性,2006,14(5):382-391.
[14]窦红亮.东北地区驼鹿种群冬季营养地理梯度变化[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[15]于孝臣,萧前柱,张明海.黑河林区驼鹿冬季食性研究[J].动物学研究,1992,13(3):263-270.
[16]PARKER K L,ROBBINS C T,HANLEY T A.Energy expenditures for locomotion by mule deer and elk[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1984,48(2):474-488.
[17]TELFER E S.Winter habitat selection by moose and white-tailed deer[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1970,34(3):553-558.
[18]KEARNEY S R,GILBERT F F.Habitat use by white-tailed deer and moose on sympatric range[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1976,40(4):645-657.
[19]POLIQUINA B,SCHERRERAN D R,JOYAL.The characteristics of moose winter yards as described by the factorial discriminant analysis[C].Jasper:13th North American Moose Conference,1977:128-144.
[20]BLAIR R M,BRUNETT L E.Seasonal browse selection by deer in a southern pine-hardwood habitat[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1980,44(1):79-88.
[21]HURST G A,WARREN R C.Enhancing white-tailed deer habitat of pine plantations by intensive management[R].Technical Bulletin-Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station(USA),1981(107).
[22]VAN TIGHEM K.Elk&deer:antlered animals of the west[M].Canmore:Altitude Publishing,2001.
[23]OLOVSSON A.Habitat selection by moose(Alces alces)in southwestern Sweden[J],2007.
[24]BALSOM S,BALLARD W B,WHITLAW H A.Mature coniferous forest as critical moose habitat[J].Alces,1996,32:131-140.
[25]HJELJORD O,HVIK N,PEDERSEN H B.Choice of feeding sites by moose during summer,the influence of forest structure and plant phenology[J].Ecography,1990,13(4):281-292.
[26]GERMAINE S S,GERMAINE H L,BOE S R.Characteristics of mule deer day-bed and forage sites in current-condition and restoration-treated ponderosa pine forest[J].Wildlife Society Bulletin,2004,32(2):554-564.
[27]VERME L J.Swamp conifer deeryards in Northern Michigan their ecology and management[J].Journal of Forestry,1965,63(7):523-529.
[28]VERME L J.Influence of winter weather on white-tailed deer in Upper Michigan.Research and Development Report[J].Dept.Nat.Res.,1971,237:1-14.
[29]OZOGA J J,GYSEL L W.Response of white-tailed deer to winter weather[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1972,36(3):892-896.
[30]KELSALL J P.Structural adaptations of moose and deer for snow[J].Journal of Mammalogy,1969,50(2):302-310.
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