中国冻土地下水研究现状与进展综述
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摘要
冻土地下水系统不仅在寒区水文循环中扮演着重要的角色,同时也在寒区水文过程和地表过程及其科学研究中起到了集蓄、融冻和泄流等至关重要的作用。近几十年随着全球气候变暖及人类活动(寒区工程量)的增加,冻土退化趋势显著,这一过程改变了寒区的水文地质条件,导致地下水动态特征发生显著变化,从而引起一系列的生态环境变化。近些年,诸多学者通过构建水热耦合模型来研究冻土地下水的运动机理、分布状况和季节动态,促进了寒区地下水理论知识的发展,推动了寒区水文地质知识体系的进步。本文主要针对目前我国多年冻土区地下水的研究现状进行了分析、整理、归纳,为进一步研究气候变化下地下水系统的发展与演变,以及对生态环境的影响提供参考依据。
The groundwater system in cold regions is a key factor in hydrological processes, which affect the collection, thawing-freezing and discharge in the land surface processes of cold regions. Permafrost, as the most widely distributed hydrological factor in the cold regions, like a natural water barrier, which controls the groundwater horizontal and vertical movement, recharges and discharges groundwater, and as a cryogenic source changes the thickness of gas zone, the physical properties of water movement and heat transfer. So the permafrost groundwater system has unique characteristics, which is different from the non-frozen soil areas. In recent decades, with the global warming and the increase of human activities(cold region engineering), the tendency of permafrost degeneration is remarkable, fundamentally changing the hydrogeological conditions in the cold regions and causing significant change in the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater. At the same time, the degradation of permafrost has also changed the storage and transportation conditions of surface water, groundwater and the water conservation function, resulting in a series of deterioration of ecological environment. Because of the hardship in the alpine area and data shortage, there are still many problems to be solved about the groundwater occurrence, distribution and migration in permafrost areas. During the last 10 years, in China, the development and use of coupled heat transport and groundwater models have focused in the groundwater migration and distribution in cold regions, isotope has also been used to analyze runoff components, deep progress has been made in the study of permafrost hydrogeology. In this paper, the current research status of groundwater in permafrost zone in China are summarized and classified, which will be helpful for further studying of cold area groundwater system evolution under climate change and clearing the impact of groundwater on the ecosystems.
The groundwater system in cold regions is a key factor in hydrological processes, which affect the collection, thawing-freezing and discharge in the land surface processes of cold regions. Permafrost, as the most widely distributed hydrological factor in the cold regions, like a natural water barrier, which controls the groundwater horizontal and vertical movement, recharges and discharges groundwater, and as a cryogenic source changes the thickness of gas zone, the physical properties of water movement and heat transfer. So the permafrost groundwater system has unique characteristics, which is different from the non-frozen soil areas. In recent decades, with the global warming and the increase of human activities(cold region engineering), the tendency of permafrost degeneration is remarkable, fundamentally changing the hydrogeological conditions in the cold regions and causing significant change in the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater. At the same time, the degradation of permafrost has also changed the storage and transportation conditions of surface water, groundwater and the water conservation function, resulting in a series of deterioration of ecological environment. Because of the hardship in the alpine area and data shortage, there are still many problems to be solved about the groundwater occurrence, distribution and migration in permafrost areas. During the last 10 years, in China, the development and use of coupled heat transport and groundwater models have focused in the groundwater migration and distribution in cold regions, isotope has also been used to analyze runoff components, deep progress has been made in the study of permafrost hydrogeology. In this paper, the current research status of groundwater in permafrost zone in China are summarized and classified, which will be helpful for further studying of cold area groundwater system evolution under climate change and clearing the impact of groundwater on the ecosystems.
引文
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