热管在青藏高原多年冻土区高速公路应用中的适用性评价
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摘要
为了研究多年冻土区高速公路热管路基的制冷效果及适用范围,建立热管路基水热计算模型,分析不同条件下的热管路基冻土人为上限深度和热稳定状态,并将路基高度、年平均气温、气温年较差3个因素形成组合进行热管的适用范围分析。研究结果表明:对于气温年较差为12℃的冻土区,高度为4 m的热管路基适用于年平均气温低于-5.5℃的区域,高度为3m的热管路基适用于年平均气温低于-5.8℃的区域;对于青藏高原大部分地区,在15 a的运营期限内,高速公路热管路基具有一定的局限性,其服役期限内不能保持路基稳定性;但对于风火山地区,采用高度为3 m的热管路基可以保证工程稳定性。
In order to study the cooling effect and the application range of thermosyphon in embankment engineering of expressway in permafrost regions, a hydrothermal model was established, in which the artificial permafrost table and thermal stability status of the embankment with thermosyphon under the different environmental conditions were analyzed. And the application scope of thermosyphon was analyzed by combining the three factors of road height, annual average temperature and annual difference. The results show that for the area with annual difference of 12 ℃, the application scope of embankment with the height of 4 m is the annual average temperature lower than about-5.5 ℃, and the application scope of embankment with the height of 3 m is the annual average temperature lower than about-5.8 ℃.The embankment with thermosyphon has certain limitations and can't maintain the stability of the engineering during its service period of 15 a in most of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, but the thermosyphon embankment with the height of 3 m can be applied in the area of Fenghuoshan.
In order to study the cooling effect and the application range of thermosyphon in embankment engineering of expressway in permafrost regions, a hydrothermal model was established, in which the artificial permafrost table and thermal stability status of the embankment with thermosyphon under the different environmental conditions were analyzed. And the application scope of thermosyphon was analyzed by combining the three factors of road height, annual average temperature and annual difference. The results show that for the area with annual difference of 12 ℃, the application scope of embankment with the height of 4 m is the annual average temperature lower than about-5.5 ℃, and the application scope of embankment with the height of 3 m is the annual average temperature lower than about-5.8 ℃.The embankment with thermosyphon has certain limitations and can't maintain the stability of the engineering during its service period of 15 a in most of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, but the thermosyphon embankment with the height of 3 m can be applied in the area of Fenghuoshan.
引文
[1]董元宏,赖远明,陈武.多年冻土区宽幅公路路基降温效果研究:一种L型热管-块碎石护坡复合路基[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1043-1049.DONG Yuanhong,LAI Yuanming,CHEN Wu.Cooling effect of combined L-shaped thermosyphon,crushed-rock revetment and insulation for high-grade highways in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1043-1049.
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[5]朱林楠.高原冻土区不同下垫面的附面层研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):8-14.ZHU Linnan.Study of the adherent layer on different types of ground in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1988,10(1):8-14.
[6]俞祁浩,谷伟,钱进,等.多年冻土区高等级公路建设面临问题分析[J].公路,2010,55(11):74-81.YU Qihao,GU Wei,QIAN Jin,et al.Problem analysis of high grade highway construction in permafrost regions[J].Highway,2010,55(11):74-81.
[7]俞祁浩,程国栋,何乃武,等.不同路面和幅宽条件下冻土路基传热过程研究[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(11):1482-1486.YU Qihao,CHANG Guodong,HE Naiwu,et al.Heat transfer process of roadway embankments with different type and width of road surface in permafrost regions[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(11):1482-1486.
[8]HOU Yandong,WU Qingbai,DONG Jianhua,et al.Numerical simulation of efficient cooling by coupled RR and TCPT on railway embankments in permafrost regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,133:351-360.
[9]ZHANG Mingyi,PEI Wansheng,LAI Yuanming,et al.Numerical study of the thermal characteristics of a shallow tunnel section with a two-phase closed thermosyphon group in a permafrost region under climate warming[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2017,104:952-963.
[10]YU Fan,QI Jilin,ZHANG Mingyi,et al.Cooling performance of two-phase closed thermosyphons installed at a highway embankment in permafrost regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:220-227.
[11]李国玉,马巍,王学力,等.中俄原油管道漠大线运营后面临一些冻害问题及防治措施建议[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2963-2973.LI Guoyu,MA Wei,WANG Xueli,et al.Frost hazards and mitigative measures following operation of Mohe-Daqing line of China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2963-2973.
[12]MA Wei,WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,et al.Remedying embankment thaw settlement in a warm permafrost region with thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2012,49(9):1005-1014.
[13]WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,MA Wei,et al.Analysis on effect of permafrost protection by two-phase closed thermosyphon and insulation jointly in permafrost regions[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2005,43(3):150-163.
[14]盛煜,温智,马巍,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区热棒路基温度场三维非线性分析[J].铁道学报,2006,28(1):125-130.SHENG Yu,WEN Zhi,MA Wei,et al.Three-dimensionanl nonlinear analysis of thermal regime of the two-phase closed thermosyphon closed thermosyphon embankment of QinghaiTibetan Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2006,28(1):125-130.
[15]杨永平,魏庆朝,张鲁新,等.青藏铁路多年冻土地区热管路基三维数值分析[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(2):20-24.YANG Yongping,WEI Qingchao,ZHANG Luxin,et al.3DNumerical study on the thermosyphon used in embankments in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].China Railway Science,2005,26(2):20-24.
[16]李栋梁,郭慧,王文,等.青藏铁路沿线平均年气温变化趋势预测[J].高原气象,2003,22(5):431-439.LI Dongliang,GUO Hui,WANG Wen,et al.Prediction of annual average temperature change along Qinghai-Xizang Railway[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(5):431-439.
[17]胡和平,杨诗秀,雷志栋.土壤冻结时水热迁移规律的数值模拟[J].水利学报,1992,23(7):1-8.HU Heping,YANG Shixiu,LEI Zhidong.A numerical simulation for heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992,23(7):1-8.
[18]白青波,李旭,田亚护,等.冻土水热耦合方程及数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(S2):131-136.BAI Qingbo,LI Xu,TIAN Yahu,Fang Jianhong,et al.Equations and numerical simulation for coupled water and heat transfer in frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(S2):131-136.
[19]LAI Yuanming,ZHANG Luxin,ZHANG Shujuan,et al.Cooling effect of ripped-stone embankments on Qing-Tibet railway under climatic warming[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(6):598-604.
[20]徐敩祖,王家澄,张立新.冻土物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:43-44.XU Xiaozu,WANG Jiacheng,ZHANG Lixin.Frozen soil physics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:43-44.
[21]房建宏.青藏高原东部多年冻土区高速公路建设适应性对策研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2017:89-90.FANG Jianhong.Adaptive countermeasure research on expressway construction in permafrost region of eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.College of Civil and Architectural Engineering,2017:89-90.
[22]张明礼,温智,薛珂,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区润湿地段斜坡路基温度与变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(8):1677-1687.ZHANG Mingli,WEN Zhi,XUE Ke,et al.Temperature and deformation analysis on slope subgrade with rich moisture of Qinghai-Tibet railway in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(8):1677-1687.
[23]ZHANG Mingyi,LAI Yuanming,ZHANG Jianming,et al.Numerical study on cooling characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphon embankment in permafrost regions[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2011,65(2):203-210.
[24]邰博文.多年冻土区高速公路特殊路基结构变形机理及服役性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2018:98-99.TAI Bowen.Study on deformation mechanism and service performance of expressway special subgrade structure in permafrost region[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University College of Civil and Architectural Engineering,2018:98-99.
[25]WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,MA Wei,et al.Evaluation of EPSapplication to embankment of Qinghai-Tibetan railway[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2005,41(3):235-247.
[26]吴通华.青藏高原多年冻土对全球气候变化的响应研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2005:69-70.WU Tonghua.A study on response of permafrost to global climate in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[D].Lanzhou:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005:69-70.
[2]樊凯,俞祁浩,袁堃,等.多年冻土区高等级公路新型调控路基技术研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(S1):1681-1687.FAN Kai,YU Qihao,YUAN Kun,et al.Study on new temperature-controlling embankment for high-grade highway in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(S1):1681-1687.
[3]张坤,李东庆,陶坤,等.多年冻土区高等级公路特殊路基长期降温效果研究[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):976-986.ZHANG Kun,LI Dongqing,TAO Kun,et al.Study of the long-term cooling effect of special embankments of high-grade highways in permafrost regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):976-986.
[4]朱东鹏,汪双杰,司伟,等.青藏高原多年冻土区高等级公路路面结构温度场研究[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(8):29-36.ZHU Dongpeng,WANG Shuangjie,SI Wei,et al.Study on temperature field of high-grade highway pavement structure in Qinghai-Tibet Platrau permafrost regions[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2013,30(8):29-36.
[5]朱林楠.高原冻土区不同下垫面的附面层研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):8-14.ZHU Linnan.Study of the adherent layer on different types of ground in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1988,10(1):8-14.
[6]俞祁浩,谷伟,钱进,等.多年冻土区高等级公路建设面临问题分析[J].公路,2010,55(11):74-81.YU Qihao,GU Wei,QIAN Jin,et al.Problem analysis of high grade highway construction in permafrost regions[J].Highway,2010,55(11):74-81.
[7]俞祁浩,程国栋,何乃武,等.不同路面和幅宽条件下冻土路基传热过程研究[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(11):1482-1486.YU Qihao,CHANG Guodong,HE Naiwu,et al.Heat transfer process of roadway embankments with different type and width of road surface in permafrost regions[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(11):1482-1486.
[8]HOU Yandong,WU Qingbai,DONG Jianhua,et al.Numerical simulation of efficient cooling by coupled RR and TCPT on railway embankments in permafrost regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,133:351-360.
[9]ZHANG Mingyi,PEI Wansheng,LAI Yuanming,et al.Numerical study of the thermal characteristics of a shallow tunnel section with a two-phase closed thermosyphon group in a permafrost region under climate warming[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2017,104:952-963.
[10]YU Fan,QI Jilin,ZHANG Mingyi,et al.Cooling performance of two-phase closed thermosyphons installed at a highway embankment in permafrost regions[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:220-227.
[11]李国玉,马巍,王学力,等.中俄原油管道漠大线运营后面临一些冻害问题及防治措施建议[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2963-2973.LI Guoyu,MA Wei,WANG Xueli,et al.Frost hazards and mitigative measures following operation of Mohe-Daqing line of China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2963-2973.
[12]MA Wei,WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,et al.Remedying embankment thaw settlement in a warm permafrost region with thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2012,49(9):1005-1014.
[13]WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,MA Wei,et al.Analysis on effect of permafrost protection by two-phase closed thermosyphon and insulation jointly in permafrost regions[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2005,43(3):150-163.
[14]盛煜,温智,马巍,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区热棒路基温度场三维非线性分析[J].铁道学报,2006,28(1):125-130.SHENG Yu,WEN Zhi,MA Wei,et al.Three-dimensionanl nonlinear analysis of thermal regime of the two-phase closed thermosyphon closed thermosyphon embankment of QinghaiTibetan Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2006,28(1):125-130.
[15]杨永平,魏庆朝,张鲁新,等.青藏铁路多年冻土地区热管路基三维数值分析[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(2):20-24.YANG Yongping,WEI Qingchao,ZHANG Luxin,et al.3DNumerical study on the thermosyphon used in embankments in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].China Railway Science,2005,26(2):20-24.
[16]李栋梁,郭慧,王文,等.青藏铁路沿线平均年气温变化趋势预测[J].高原气象,2003,22(5):431-439.LI Dongliang,GUO Hui,WANG Wen,et al.Prediction of annual average temperature change along Qinghai-Xizang Railway[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(5):431-439.
[17]胡和平,杨诗秀,雷志栋.土壤冻结时水热迁移规律的数值模拟[J].水利学报,1992,23(7):1-8.HU Heping,YANG Shixiu,LEI Zhidong.A numerical simulation for heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992,23(7):1-8.
[18]白青波,李旭,田亚护,等.冻土水热耦合方程及数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(S2):131-136.BAI Qingbo,LI Xu,TIAN Yahu,Fang Jianhong,et al.Equations and numerical simulation for coupled water and heat transfer in frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(S2):131-136.
[19]LAI Yuanming,ZHANG Luxin,ZHANG Shujuan,et al.Cooling effect of ripped-stone embankments on Qing-Tibet railway under climatic warming[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(6):598-604.
[20]徐敩祖,王家澄,张立新.冻土物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:43-44.XU Xiaozu,WANG Jiacheng,ZHANG Lixin.Frozen soil physics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:43-44.
[21]房建宏.青藏高原东部多年冻土区高速公路建设适应性对策研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2017:89-90.FANG Jianhong.Adaptive countermeasure research on expressway construction in permafrost region of eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.College of Civil and Architectural Engineering,2017:89-90.
[22]张明礼,温智,薛珂,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区润湿地段斜坡路基温度与变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(8):1677-1687.ZHANG Mingli,WEN Zhi,XUE Ke,et al.Temperature and deformation analysis on slope subgrade with rich moisture of Qinghai-Tibet railway in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(8):1677-1687.
[23]ZHANG Mingyi,LAI Yuanming,ZHANG Jianming,et al.Numerical study on cooling characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphon embankment in permafrost regions[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2011,65(2):203-210.
[24]邰博文.多年冻土区高速公路特殊路基结构变形机理及服役性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2018:98-99.TAI Bowen.Study on deformation mechanism and service performance of expressway special subgrade structure in permafrost region[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University College of Civil and Architectural Engineering,2018:98-99.
[25]WEN Zhi,SHENG Yu,MA Wei,et al.Evaluation of EPSapplication to embankment of Qinghai-Tibetan railway[J].Cold Regions Science&Technology,2005,41(3):235-247.
[26]吴通华.青藏高原多年冻土对全球气候变化的响应研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2005:69-70.WU Tonghua.A study on response of permafrost to global climate in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[D].Lanzhou:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005:69-70.
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