专利代理机构对专利质量的影响研究——基于对1997年发明专利整个保护期的追踪
|
摘要
[目的/意义]知识经济时代,知识产权强国是成为世界经济强国的必要条件。随着我国逐渐成为知识产权大国,国家的战略重心正朝着提升专利质量所迈进。专利代理行业作为能够提升专利质量的其中一条有效的途径,受到了国家的大力推崇和支持。然而在专利代理行业飞速发展的格局下,由代理机构协助申请的专利是否具备高质量、后续发展如何等议题却鲜为学者们关注。[方法/过程]跟踪了1997年在我国申请的发明专利在整个保护期的发展情况,并利用专利计量、社会网络分析、非参数检验等方法,分析、比较了代理专利和非代理专利在创造、运用、保护和管理四个方面质量的优劣。[结果/结论]结果显示,代理专利在授权率、转让数量、权利要求数及维持时间等指标上的表现均优于非代理专利,但也存在某些指标尤其是涉讼专利未被充分重视及利用的情况,这也为我国专利代理行业今后的发展指明了方向。
[Purpose/Significance]In the era of knowledge economy, intellectual property power is a necessary condition for becoming a global economic power. With the number of patents in our country gradually becoming more and more, the national strategic focus has moved to improve the quality of patents. As one of the effective ways to improve patent quality, the patent agency industry has been highly praised and supported by the state. Under the pattern of rapid development of the patent agency industry, however, bare scholars have focused on the issues that whether the proxy patents are of high quality and how the proxy patents are developed after authorized.[Method/Process]This paper has traced the entire period of protection of inventive patents which were applied in China in 1997. Based on the patentometrics, social network analysis and nonparametric test, this paper analyzed and compared the quality between proxy patents and non-proxy patents from the aspects of creation, application, protection and administration.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that the performance of the proxy patent is better than that of the non-proxy patent in terms of the licensing rate, the number of transfers, the number of claims and the duration of maintenance. However, there are some indicators, especially for patent litigation, which have not been fully regarded and utilized, and this also points out the direction for the future development of patent agency industry in China.
[Purpose/Significance]In the era of knowledge economy, intellectual property power is a necessary condition for becoming a global economic power. With the number of patents in our country gradually becoming more and more, the national strategic focus has moved to improve the quality of patents. As one of the effective ways to improve patent quality, the patent agency industry has been highly praised and supported by the state. Under the pattern of rapid development of the patent agency industry, however, bare scholars have focused on the issues that whether the proxy patents are of high quality and how the proxy patents are developed after authorized.[Method/Process]This paper has traced the entire period of protection of inventive patents which were applied in China in 1997. Based on the patentometrics, social network analysis and nonparametric test, this paper analyzed and compared the quality between proxy patents and non-proxy patents from the aspects of creation, application, protection and administration.[Result/Conclusion]The results show that the performance of the proxy patent is better than that of the non-proxy patent in terms of the licensing rate, the number of transfers, the number of claims and the duration of maintenance. However, there are some indicators, especially for patent litigation, which have not been fully regarded and utilized, and this also points out the direction for the future development of patent agency industry in China.
引文
[1] 谢小勇,刘淑华,韩秀成.知识产权强国建设基本问题初探[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(9): 998-1005.
[2] 王亚华,陶椰,康静宁.知识产权强国建设的现实国情研究[J].知识产权,2015(12): 17-23.
[3] 韩秀成,李牧.关于建设知识产权强国若干问题的思考[J].管理世界,2016(5): 1-8.
[4] 刘洋,温珂,郭剑.基于过程管理的中国专利质量影响因素分析[J].科研管理,2012(12): 104-109.
[5] 官建成,高霞,徐念龙.运用h-指数评价专利质量与国际比较[J].科学学研究,2008(5): 932-937.
[6] Kortum S,Lerner J.What is behind the recent surge in patenting?[J].Research Policy,1999,28(1): 1-22.
[7] Prod'Homme D.Measuring,explaining and addressing patent quality issues in China[J].Intellectual Asset Management,2013: 41-47.
[8] 朱雪忠.辨证看待中国专利的数量与质量[J].中国科学院院刊,2013(4):435-441.
[9] 谷丽,阎慰椿,任立强,等.专利代理人胜任特征对专利质量的影响路径研究[J].科学学研究,2016(7): 1005-1016.
[10] 来小鹏.规范我国专利代理服务的法律思考[J].法学杂志,2017(7):60-66.
[11] 罗涛.专利代理人在技术转移中的作用[J].高科技与产业化,2013(6): 26-27.
[12] 焦和平.我国专利代理人从事诉讼代理的合法性困境与出路[J].法商研究,2016(4): 183-192.
[13] 楚成.试论专利代理人在专利行政诉讼中担任诉讼代理人的合理性和必要性[J].专利代理,2016(2): 9-12.
[14] 黄璐.从专利权的丧失浅谈专利代理人的法律责任[Z].北京,2015.
[15] Shridhar M,No R,Building A.Patent activity by patent agents in India[J].Journal of Intellectual Property Rights,2009,14(2):142-148.
[16] Silverman A.Questions to ask in selecting a patent attorney[J].Journal of the Minerals,Metals and Materials,1999,51(10):48.
[17] Helmer S.Work effectively with your patent attorney[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,2003,99(4): 70-74.
[18] Bettencourt L,Ostrom A,Brown S.Client co-production in knowledge-intensive business services[J].California Management Review,2002,44(4):100-128.
[19] 李为,罗永城,梁剑,等.广西专利代理机构现状分析及发展对策研究[J].企业科技与发展,2013(13):19-21.
[20] 夏明珠.合肥市科技服务业发展的现状及其对策[J].理论建设,2015(5):45-48.
[21] 龙海飞,文雯,吴小文,等.贵州省专利代理机构现状与发展对策分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2015(34): 193-196.
[22] 李慈强.知识经济背景下专利代理行业管理创新研究[J].现代管理科学,2015(5): 90-92.
[23] 张炜.从数据分析视角探析专利代理行业自律相关问题[J].专利代理,2017(2): 89-95.
[24] 唐大立,胡明悦.专利代理行业的行政监管与行业自律问题研究[J].知识产权,2013(10):90-96.
[25] Dietze P.From chemist and professor to attorney: My path as a patent attorney[C].Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society.Washington,DC,2012.
[26] 吴红,付秀颖,董坤.专利公信力影响因素实证分析与建议[J].图书情报工作,2013(14): 87-91.
[27] 刘毕贝.基于专利制度本旨的专利质量涵义的界定及解释[J].中国科技论坛,2013(11): 98-103.
[28] Milton W.Method of preparing patent applications for multiple customers in a network of independent patent agents: US20130339257[P],2013.
[29] Kroher J.The patent attorney - role and function in the legal system[J].International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law,2003,34(5): 575-576.
[30] 宋河发,穆荣平,陈芳,等.基于中国发明专利数据的专利质量测度研究[J].科研管理,2014(11): 68-76.
[31] 吴红,付秀颖,董坤.专利质量评价指标——专利优势度的创建及实证研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(23):79-84.
[32] Kauffeld-Monz M,Fritsch M.Who are the knowledge brokers in regional systems of innovation? A multi-actor network analysis[J].Regional Studies,2013,47(5):669-685.
[33] 徐棣枫.试论专利诉讼法律服务市场的规范——从专利代理人到专利律师[J].南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学版),1999(4):145-148.
[34] 阎慰椿.专利代理人胜任特征模型及应用研究[D].大连理工大学,2015.
[35] 中华人民共和国国务院.国家知识产权战略纲要[M].知识产权出版社,2008.
[36] 乔永忠,肖冰.基于权利要求数的专利维持时间影响因素研究[J].科学学研究,2016(5): 678-683.
[37] 赵喜仓,杨星.基于单项指标的我国生物医药产业知识产权能力评价[J].科技管理研究,2013(6): 151-154.
[38] 苏冬冬.浙江高校专利法律状态的文献分析[J].浙江树人大学学报(人文社会科学),2018(2):93-99.
[39] vanZeebroeck N.Patents only live twice: A patent survival analysis in Europe[C].Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Innovation & Management.Maastricht,2008,2831-2876.
[40] Trappey C,Trappey V,Wu Y,et al.A patent quality analysis for innovative technology and product development[J].Advanced Engineering Informatics,2012,26(1): 26-34.
[41] Jaffe A,Trajtenberg M.International knowledge flows: Evidence from patent citations[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,1999,8(1-2):105-136.
[42] Lanjouw O,Schankerman M.Characteristics of patent litigation: A window on competition[J].The Rand Journal of Economics,2001,32(1):129-151.
[43] 张克群,夏伟伟,郝娟,等.专利价值的影响因素分析——专利布局战略观点[J].情报杂志,2015(1): 72-76.
[44] 韩秀成,陈燕,等.对知识产权强国建设的理论思考[J].知识产权,2015(12): 3-9.
[45] 乔永忠.专利维持时间影响因素研究[J].科研管理,2011,32(7): 143-149.
[46] 马廷灿,李桂菊,姜山,等.专利质量评价指标及其在专利计量中的应用[J].图书情报工作,2012(24): 89-95.
[47]V乔永忠,谭婉琳.专利权利要求数与维持时间关系实证研究——以中日授权专利数据为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(2): 77-86.
[48] Sullivan J.Estimates of the value of patent rights in Great Britain and Ireland,1852-1876[J].Economic,1994,61(241): 37-58.
[49] 李银惠.专利代理人和专利代理机构的市场竞争策略[Z].北京,2011.
[2] 王亚华,陶椰,康静宁.知识产权强国建设的现实国情研究[J].知识产权,2015(12): 17-23.
[3] 韩秀成,李牧.关于建设知识产权强国若干问题的思考[J].管理世界,2016(5): 1-8.
[4] 刘洋,温珂,郭剑.基于过程管理的中国专利质量影响因素分析[J].科研管理,2012(12): 104-109.
[5] 官建成,高霞,徐念龙.运用h-指数评价专利质量与国际比较[J].科学学研究,2008(5): 932-937.
[6] Kortum S,Lerner J.What is behind the recent surge in patenting?[J].Research Policy,1999,28(1): 1-22.
[7] Prod'Homme D.Measuring,explaining and addressing patent quality issues in China[J].Intellectual Asset Management,2013: 41-47.
[8] 朱雪忠.辨证看待中国专利的数量与质量[J].中国科学院院刊,2013(4):435-441.
[9] 谷丽,阎慰椿,任立强,等.专利代理人胜任特征对专利质量的影响路径研究[J].科学学研究,2016(7): 1005-1016.
[10] 来小鹏.规范我国专利代理服务的法律思考[J].法学杂志,2017(7):60-66.
[11] 罗涛.专利代理人在技术转移中的作用[J].高科技与产业化,2013(6): 26-27.
[12] 焦和平.我国专利代理人从事诉讼代理的合法性困境与出路[J].法商研究,2016(4): 183-192.
[13] 楚成.试论专利代理人在专利行政诉讼中担任诉讼代理人的合理性和必要性[J].专利代理,2016(2): 9-12.
[14] 黄璐.从专利权的丧失浅谈专利代理人的法律责任[Z].北京,2015.
[15] Shridhar M,No R,Building A.Patent activity by patent agents in India[J].Journal of Intellectual Property Rights,2009,14(2):142-148.
[16] Silverman A.Questions to ask in selecting a patent attorney[J].Journal of the Minerals,Metals and Materials,1999,51(10):48.
[17] Helmer S.Work effectively with your patent attorney[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,2003,99(4): 70-74.
[18] Bettencourt L,Ostrom A,Brown S.Client co-production in knowledge-intensive business services[J].California Management Review,2002,44(4):100-128.
[19] 李为,罗永城,梁剑,等.广西专利代理机构现状分析及发展对策研究[J].企业科技与发展,2013(13):19-21.
[20] 夏明珠.合肥市科技服务业发展的现状及其对策[J].理论建设,2015(5):45-48.
[21] 龙海飞,文雯,吴小文,等.贵州省专利代理机构现状与发展对策分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2015(34): 193-196.
[22] 李慈强.知识经济背景下专利代理行业管理创新研究[J].现代管理科学,2015(5): 90-92.
[23] 张炜.从数据分析视角探析专利代理行业自律相关问题[J].专利代理,2017(2): 89-95.
[24] 唐大立,胡明悦.专利代理行业的行政监管与行业自律问题研究[J].知识产权,2013(10):90-96.
[25] Dietze P.From chemist and professor to attorney: My path as a patent attorney[C].Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society.Washington,DC,2012.
[26] 吴红,付秀颖,董坤.专利公信力影响因素实证分析与建议[J].图书情报工作,2013(14): 87-91.
[27] 刘毕贝.基于专利制度本旨的专利质量涵义的界定及解释[J].中国科技论坛,2013(11): 98-103.
[28] Milton W.Method of preparing patent applications for multiple customers in a network of independent patent agents: US20130339257[P],2013.
[29] Kroher J.The patent attorney - role and function in the legal system[J].International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law,2003,34(5): 575-576.
[30] 宋河发,穆荣平,陈芳,等.基于中国发明专利数据的专利质量测度研究[J].科研管理,2014(11): 68-76.
[31] 吴红,付秀颖,董坤.专利质量评价指标——专利优势度的创建及实证研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(23):79-84.
[32] Kauffeld-Monz M,Fritsch M.Who are the knowledge brokers in regional systems of innovation? A multi-actor network analysis[J].Regional Studies,2013,47(5):669-685.
[33] 徐棣枫.试论专利诉讼法律服务市场的规范——从专利代理人到专利律师[J].南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学版),1999(4):145-148.
[34] 阎慰椿.专利代理人胜任特征模型及应用研究[D].大连理工大学,2015.
[35] 中华人民共和国国务院.国家知识产权战略纲要[M].知识产权出版社,2008.
[36] 乔永忠,肖冰.基于权利要求数的专利维持时间影响因素研究[J].科学学研究,2016(5): 678-683.
[37] 赵喜仓,杨星.基于单项指标的我国生物医药产业知识产权能力评价[J].科技管理研究,2013(6): 151-154.
[38] 苏冬冬.浙江高校专利法律状态的文献分析[J].浙江树人大学学报(人文社会科学),2018(2):93-99.
[39] vanZeebroeck N.Patents only live twice: A patent survival analysis in Europe[C].Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Innovation & Management.Maastricht,2008,2831-2876.
[40] Trappey C,Trappey V,Wu Y,et al.A patent quality analysis for innovative technology and product development[J].Advanced Engineering Informatics,2012,26(1): 26-34.
[41] Jaffe A,Trajtenberg M.International knowledge flows: Evidence from patent citations[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,1999,8(1-2):105-136.
[42] Lanjouw O,Schankerman M.Characteristics of patent litigation: A window on competition[J].The Rand Journal of Economics,2001,32(1):129-151.
[43] 张克群,夏伟伟,郝娟,等.专利价值的影响因素分析——专利布局战略观点[J].情报杂志,2015(1): 72-76.
[44] 韩秀成,陈燕,等.对知识产权强国建设的理论思考[J].知识产权,2015(12): 3-9.
[45] 乔永忠.专利维持时间影响因素研究[J].科研管理,2011,32(7): 143-149.
[46] 马廷灿,李桂菊,姜山,等.专利质量评价指标及其在专利计量中的应用[J].图书情报工作,2012(24): 89-95.
[47]V乔永忠,谭婉琳.专利权利要求数与维持时间关系实证研究——以中日授权专利数据为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(2): 77-86.
[48] Sullivan J.Estimates of the value of patent rights in Great Britain and Ireland,1852-1876[J].Economic,1994,61(241): 37-58.
[49] 李银惠.专利代理人和专利代理机构的市场竞争策略[Z].北京,2011.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |