基于3D-ILC含内裂纹孔口脆性固体断裂特性试验
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摘要
孔口问题为力学领域中经典问题之一,也是岩土如隧洞、巷道等工程领域重要的问题之一。随断裂力学的发展,对含裂纹孔口问题的研究也不断深入。但是,以往研究多集中在二维问题或者含表面裂纹的孔口问题,含纯内裂纹的孔口问题研究报道较少。基于3D-ILC技术(对表面无任何影响的情况下,凭空生成任意参数的深埋内裂纹),在含有孔口的脆性材料中生成内裂纹,开展单轴压缩试验,与无裂纹完整孔口试样试验结果及已有文献进行对比,并开展理论与数值模拟研究。结果表明:(1)3D-ILC与传统方法相比,裂纹特征更为真实,为解决断裂力学中的三维内裂纹问题奠定了基础;(2)完整孔口试样裂纹形态主要有主裂纹与八字形裂纹;(3)含内裂纹试样裂纹形态以内裂纹扩展为主,主要有翼裂纹、次生裂纹、反翼裂纹、反向次生裂纹、竖向扭曲裂纹与主裂纹6种;(4)含裂纹孔口试样最终的破坏荷载比无裂纹孔口试样平均低76.49%,起裂应力较无裂纹孔口试样平均低96.72%;(5)通过数值模拟对完整孔口试样、含主裂纹孔口试样、含内裂纹孔口试样的裂纹扩展进行定性分析,与试验结论一致。该研究结果为含三维内裂纹的孔口脆性材料的断裂理论研究提供了物理试验基础。
The stress analysis of the circular hole is one of the classical problems in the mechanics, and as well in tunnel and roadway engineerings. With the development of fracture mechanics, the research on the hole with cracks has been deepened.However, previous studies mainly focused on the two-dimensional problems or holes with surface cracks, and there are few reports on the hole problems with three-dimensional internal cracks. Firstly, based on the 3D-ILC method, the deep internal cracks were generated in brittle materials containing circular holes. The uniaxial compression tests were performed on the specimens with internal cracks. The experimental results are compared with the existing literatures, and the theoretical and numerical simulation studies are carried out. Results show that: 1) Compared with traditional methods, the 3D-ILC method has more realistic crack characteristics and lays a foundation for solving the three-dimensional internal crack problem in fracture mechanics. 2) The main crack shapes of intact specimens are the primary crack and remote crack. 3) For the specimenes with internal cracks, the main crack shapes are the wing crack, secondary crack, anti-wing crack, anti-secondary crack, vertical torsional crack and primary crack. 4) The ultimate failure load of the specimen with cracks is 76.49% of the intact specimen, while the crack initiation stress is 96.72%. 5) The simulation results are in accordance with the experimental results. This study provides an experimental basis for the corresponding theoretical research.
The stress analysis of the circular hole is one of the classical problems in the mechanics, and as well in tunnel and roadway engineerings. With the development of fracture mechanics, the research on the hole with cracks has been deepened.However, previous studies mainly focused on the two-dimensional problems or holes with surface cracks, and there are few reports on the hole problems with three-dimensional internal cracks. Firstly, based on the 3D-ILC method, the deep internal cracks were generated in brittle materials containing circular holes. The uniaxial compression tests were performed on the specimens with internal cracks. The experimental results are compared with the existing literatures, and the theoretical and numerical simulation studies are carried out. Results show that: 1) Compared with traditional methods, the 3D-ILC method has more realistic crack characteristics and lays a foundation for solving the three-dimensional internal crack problem in fracture mechanics. 2) The main crack shapes of intact specimens are the primary crack and remote crack. 3) For the specimenes with internal cracks, the main crack shapes are the wing crack, secondary crack, anti-wing crack, anti-secondary crack, vertical torsional crack and primary crack. 4) The ultimate failure load of the specimen with cracks is 76.49% of the intact specimen, while the crack initiation stress is 96.72%. 5) The simulation results are in accordance with the experimental results. This study provides an experimental basis for the corresponding theoretical research.
引文
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[22]李廷春,吕海波,王辉.单轴压缩载荷作用下双裂隙扩展的CT扫描试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):9-14.LI Ting-chun,LüHai-bo,WANG Hui.CT real-time scanning tests on double cracks propagation under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):9-14.
[23]陈厚群,丁卫华,蒲毅彬,等.单轴压缩条件下混凝土细观破裂过程的X射线CT实时观测[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1044-1050.CHEN Hou-qun,DING Wei-hua,PU Yi-bin,et al.Real time observation on meso fracture process of concrete using X-ray CT under uniaxial compressive condition[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1044-1050.
[24]李浩然,杨春和,刘玉刚,等.单轴荷载作用下盐岩声波与声发射特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2107-2116.LI Hao-ran,YANG Chun-he,LIU Yu-gang,et al.Experimental study of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of salt rock under uniaxial compression load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2107-2116.
[25]王海军,张九丹,任然,等.基于介质损伤的三维深埋裂纹3D-ILC实现[J].岩土工程学报,2019,录用待刊.WANG Hai-jun,ZHANG Jiu-dan,REN Ran,et al.Embedded crcaks in materials induced by 3D-ILC[J].Chineses Journal of Geotchnical Engineering,2019,to be published.
[26]范天佑.断裂理论基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.FAN Tian-you.Fracture theory foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[27]GRIFFITH A A.The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1921,221(2):163-198.
[28]INGLIS C E.Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners[C]//Spring Meeting of the Fifty-fourth Session of the Institution of Naval Architects.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1913,55:219-241.
[29]ROESLER F C.Brittle fracture near equilibrium[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society,2002,69(10):981.
[30]SOMMER E,SOMMER E.Formation of fracture‘lances’in glass[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1969,1(3):539-546.
[31]KNAUSS W G.An observation of crack propagation in anti-plane shear[J].International Journal of Fracture Mechanics,1970,6(2):183-187.
[32]ZHU W C,BRUHNS O T.Simulating excavation damaged zone around a circular opening under hydromechanical conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):815-830.
[33]腾俊洋,唐建新,李欣怡.含孔洞加锚岩石力学特性及裂纹扩展规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):87-103.TENG Jun-yang,TANG Jian-xin,LI Xin-yi.Mechanical property and fracture propagation rule of anchored rock with a hole under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):87-103.
[34]WAWRZYNEK P A,CATER B J.The M-integral for computing stress intensity factors in generally anisotropic materials[R].Washington D.C.:NASA,2005:NASA/CR-214006.
[35]孙欣,朱哲明,谢凌志,等.基于SENDB试样的砂岩复合脆性断裂行为研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(12):2884-2894.SUN Xin,ZHU Zhe-ming,XIE Ling-zhi,et al.Investigation on mixed-mode fracture behavior of sand stone using a SENDB specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(12):2884-2894.
[2]姜杰凤,董辉跃,柯映林.高锁螺栓干涉连接中极限干涉量[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(3):145-152.JIANG Jie-feng,DONG Hui-yue,KE Ying-lin.Maximum interference fit size of hi-lock bolted joints[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(3):145-152.
[3]宋竞正,李鸿,何蕴增,等.船体结构非圆孔口问题的复变函数解[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2004,25(5):558-562.SONG Jin-zheng,LI Hong,HE Yun-zeng,et al.The complex variable function solution for curvilinear hole problems of ship[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2004,25(5):558-562.
[4]陈谱.基于复变函数解法和突变理论的隧洞围岩稳定性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.CHEN Pu.Study on stability of tunnel surrounding rock based on complex function method and catastrophe theory[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[5]KIRSCH C.Die theorie der elastizitat und die bedurfnisse der festigkeitslehre[J].Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure,1898,42:797-807.
[6]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1983.XU Zhi-lun.Brief course on elasticity[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983.
[7]MENDELSON A.Plasticity:theory and application[M].New York:Macmillan,1968.
[8]HASEBE N,NAKAMURA T,YOSHIKAWA K,et al.Plane elastic solution for the second mixed boundary value problem and its application[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,1994,64(5):295-306.
[9]SIH G C.Stress distribution near internal crack tips for longitudinal shear problems[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1965,32(1):51-58
[10]杨圣奇,黄彦华.双孔洞裂隙砂岩裂纹扩展特征试验与颗粒流模拟[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2014,22(3):584-597.YANG Sheng-qi,HUANG Yan-hua.Experiment and particle flow simulation on crack coalescence behavior of sandstone specimens containing double holes and a single fissure[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2014,22(3):584-597.
[11]CHEN M,JING H,MA X,et al.Fracture evolution characteristics of sandstone containing double fissures and a single circular hole under uniaxial compression[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):499-505.
[12]李术才,杨磊,李明田,等.三维内置裂隙倾角对类岩石材料拉伸力学性能和断裂特征的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):281-289.LI Shu-cai,YANG Lei,LI Ming-tian,et al.Influences of3D internal crack dip angle on tensile mechanical properties and fracture features of rock-like material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):281-289.
[13]付金伟,朱维申,雒祥宇,等.含三维内置断裂面新型材料断裂体破裂过程研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(9):3257-3263.FU Jin-wei,ZHU Wei-shen,HAN Xiang-yu,et al.Study on failure process of fractured rock by using a new material containing three-dimensional internal fracture surfaces[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(9):3257-3263.
[14]李术才,李廷春,王刚,等.单轴压缩作用下内置裂隙扩展的CT扫描试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):484-492.LI Shu-cai,LI Ting-chun,WANG Gang,et al.CTreal-time scanning tests on rock specimens with artificial initial crack under uniaxial conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):484-492.
[15]DYSKIN A V,JEWELL R J,JOER H,et al.Experiments on 3-D crack growth in uniaxial compression[J].International Journal of Fracture,1994,65(4):77-83.
[16]DYSKIN A V,SAHOURYEH E,JEWELL R J,et al.Influence of shape and locations of initial 3-D cracks on their growth in uniaxial compression[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2003,70(15):2115-2136.
[17]郭彦双,林春金,朱维申,等.三维裂隙组扩展及贯通过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):3191-3195.GUO Yan-shuang,LIN Chun-jin,ZHU Wei-shen,et al.Experimental research on propagation and coalescence process of three-dimensional flaw-sets[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl.1):3191-3195.
[18]付金伟,朱维申,谢富东,等.岩石中三维双裂隙组扩展和贯通过程的试验研究和弹脆性模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2489-2495.FU Jin-wei,ZHU Wei-shen,XIE Fu-dong,et al.Experimental studies and elasto-brittle simulation of propagation and coalescence process of two three-dimensional flaws in rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2489-2495.
[19]付金伟,朱维申,曹冠华,等.岩石中三维单裂隙扩展过程的试验研究和数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):411-417.FU Jin-wei,ZHU Wei-shen,CAO Guan-hua,et al.Experimental study and numerical simulation of propagation and coalescence process of a single three-dimensional flaw in rocks[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):411-417.
[20]黄明利,黄凯珠.三维表面裂纹相互作用扩展贯通机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1794-1799.HUANG Ming-li,HUANG Kai-zhu.Experimental study on propagation and coalescence mechanisms of 3Dsurface cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1794-1799.
[21]宋彦琦,李名,王晓,等.基于高速摄影的单预制裂纹大理岩加卸载试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(5):773-781.SONG Yan-qi,LI Ming,WANG Xiao,et al.Observation of marble with single pre-existing crack using high-speed photography under loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(5):773-781.
[22]李廷春,吕海波,王辉.单轴压缩载荷作用下双裂隙扩展的CT扫描试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):9-14.LI Ting-chun,LüHai-bo,WANG Hui.CT real-time scanning tests on double cracks propagation under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):9-14.
[23]陈厚群,丁卫华,蒲毅彬,等.单轴压缩条件下混凝土细观破裂过程的X射线CT实时观测[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1044-1050.CHEN Hou-qun,DING Wei-hua,PU Yi-bin,et al.Real time observation on meso fracture process of concrete using X-ray CT under uniaxial compressive condition[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1044-1050.
[24]李浩然,杨春和,刘玉刚,等.单轴荷载作用下盐岩声波与声发射特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2107-2116.LI Hao-ran,YANG Chun-he,LIU Yu-gang,et al.Experimental study of ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of salt rock under uniaxial compression load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2107-2116.
[25]王海军,张九丹,任然,等.基于介质损伤的三维深埋裂纹3D-ILC实现[J].岩土工程学报,2019,录用待刊.WANG Hai-jun,ZHANG Jiu-dan,REN Ran,et al.Embedded crcaks in materials induced by 3D-ILC[J].Chineses Journal of Geotchnical Engineering,2019,to be published.
[26]范天佑.断裂理论基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.FAN Tian-you.Fracture theory foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[27]GRIFFITH A A.The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1921,221(2):163-198.
[28]INGLIS C E.Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners[C]//Spring Meeting of the Fifty-fourth Session of the Institution of Naval Architects.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1913,55:219-241.
[29]ROESLER F C.Brittle fracture near equilibrium[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society,2002,69(10):981.
[30]SOMMER E,SOMMER E.Formation of fracture‘lances’in glass[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1969,1(3):539-546.
[31]KNAUSS W G.An observation of crack propagation in anti-plane shear[J].International Journal of Fracture Mechanics,1970,6(2):183-187.
[32]ZHU W C,BRUHNS O T.Simulating excavation damaged zone around a circular opening under hydromechanical conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):815-830.
[33]腾俊洋,唐建新,李欣怡.含孔洞加锚岩石力学特性及裂纹扩展规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):87-103.TENG Jun-yang,TANG Jian-xin,LI Xin-yi.Mechanical property and fracture propagation rule of anchored rock with a hole under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):87-103.
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