基于图像分析方法研究柴油在多孔介质中的迁移与分布特征
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摘要
为明确多孔介质性质对柴油迁移与分布特征的影响,利用图像分析方法对柴油在3种不同粒径多孔介质中的迁移与分布特征进行实验研究。结果表明,柴油在粗粒径石英砂中的垂向迁移速率更大,迁移锋面不稳定,指流更明显;污染面积、污染界面周长、垂向迁移距离与时间具有良好的线性关系,拟合系数(R~2)均在0.99以上;污染面积增长率、污染界面周长增长率、垂向迁移速率与石英砂粒径大小呈正相关;平均粒径、不均匀系数、曲率系数与柴油迁移与分布特征关系密切,且拟合方程得到的计算值和实验值差别很小,可用其近似表示实验值;相同入渗深度区域中,柴油在细粒径石英砂中的饱和度比在粗粒径石英砂中的高,而粗粒径石英砂污染面积约为细粒径石英砂污染面积的1/3左右。
To determine the effect of porous media on the migration and distribution of diesel, the migration and distribution characteristics of diesel in three porous media with different particle sizes were investigated by image analysis. Experimental results show that, compared with other two porous media, coarse-grained porous media can lead to the fastest diesel vertical migration rate. In addition, for coarse-grained porous media, it is found that the migration front is unstable with obvious finger flow. It has been noticed that, for the contamination area, contamination interface circumference and vertical migration distance, all of them have a good linear relationship with time, with correlation coefficients(R~2) above 0.99. The growth rate of contamination area, the growth rate of perimeter of contamination interface and the vertical migration rate are proportional with the size of porous media. The average particle(D_(50)), the uneven coefficient(Cu) and the curvature coefficient(Cc) are closely related to the migration and distribution characteristics of diesel, and their relationship can be quantitatively expressed by a linear equation. The difference between the calculated and experimental results is very minor, thus the calculated results can be used to represent the experimental data. In the same penetrating depth region, the diesel saturation in the fine-grained porous media is higher than that in the coarse-grained porous media, and the contamination area of the coarse-grained porous media is about 1/3 of that of fine-grained porous media.
To determine the effect of porous media on the migration and distribution of diesel, the migration and distribution characteristics of diesel in three porous media with different particle sizes were investigated by image analysis. Experimental results show that, compared with other two porous media, coarse-grained porous media can lead to the fastest diesel vertical migration rate. In addition, for coarse-grained porous media, it is found that the migration front is unstable with obvious finger flow. It has been noticed that, for the contamination area, contamination interface circumference and vertical migration distance, all of them have a good linear relationship with time, with correlation coefficients(R~2) above 0.99. The growth rate of contamination area, the growth rate of perimeter of contamination interface and the vertical migration rate are proportional with the size of porous media. The average particle(D_(50)), the uneven coefficient(Cu) and the curvature coefficient(Cc) are closely related to the migration and distribution characteristics of diesel, and their relationship can be quantitatively expressed by a linear equation. The difference between the calculated and experimental results is very minor, thus the calculated results can be used to represent the experimental data. In the same penetrating depth region, the diesel saturation in the fine-grained porous media is higher than that in the coarse-grained porous media, and the contamination area of the coarse-grained porous media is about 1/3 of that of fine-grained porous media.
引文
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[19]BAI M,ROEGIERS J C.Triple-porosity analysis of solute transport[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1997,28(3):247-266.
[2]张富仓,康绍忠.非水相流体在多孔介质中迁移的研究进展[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):744-751.(ZHANGFucang,KANG Shaozhong.Research progress of nonaqueous fluids migration in porous media[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(4):744-751.)
[3]JOHN P I,TANYA L S,RICHARD C E,et al.Exxon Valdez to deepwater horizon:Comparable toxicity of both crude oils to fish early life stages[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2013,142-143:303-316.
[4]SUN S J,HU C M,TUNNELL J W.Surface oil footprint and trajectory of the Ixtoc-I oil spill determined from Landsat/MSS and CZCS observations[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(2):632-641.
[5]CHRISTINA P,EDWARD M M,JOHN D S,et al.Effects of deepwater horizon crude oil exposure,temperature and developmental stage on oxygen consumption of embryonic and larval mahi-mahi(Coryphaena hippurus)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,181:113-123.
[6]MCWATTERS R S,WILKINS D,SPEDDING T,et al.On site remediation of a fuel spill and soil reuse in Antarctica[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,571:963-973.
[7]邓亚平,郑菲,施小清,等.多孔介质中DNAPLs运移行为研究进展[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2016,52(3):409-420.(DENG Yaping,ZHENG Fei,SHIXiaoqing,et al.Advances in DNAPLs transport in porous media[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2016,52(3):409-420.)
[8]程洲,吴吉春,徐红霞,等.DNAPL在透镜体及表面活性剂作用下的运移研究[J].中国环境学,2014,34(11):2888-2896.(CHENG Zhou,WU Jichun,XUHongxia,et al.The research on the migration of lens and surfactant of DNAPL[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2888-2896.)
[9]李晔,鹿琪,刘财.LNAPLs迁移的数值模拟和土壤介电性质的变化分析[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(2):936-943.(LI Ye,LU Qi,LIU Cai.Numerical simulation of LNAPLs migration and analysis of soil dielectric properties[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(2):936-943.)
[10]刘汉乐,马腾飞,程亚平.LNAPLs污染物在层状非均质多孔介质中的运移试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(1):31-34,83.(LIU Hanle,MA Tengfei,CHENG Yaping.Experimental study on the transport of LNAPLs in layered heterogeneous porous media[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(1):31-34,83.)
[11]杨宾,李慧颖,伍斌,等.4种NAPLs污染物在二维砂箱中的指进锋面形态特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1545-1552.(YANG Bin,LI Huiying,WU Bin,et al.Study on fingering frontal morphology of four NAPLs contaminants in two-dimensional sandbox[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1545-1552.)
[12]朱振慧,高宗军,张晓海,等.轻质非水相流体(柴油)在多孔介质中的垂向运移[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(4):1842-1848.(ZHU Zhenhui,GAO Zongjun,ZHANG Xiaohai,et al.Vertical migration of light nonaqueous fluids(diesel)in porous media[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(4):1842-1848.)
[13]KENNEDY C A,LENNOX W C.A pore-scale investigation of mass transport from dissolving DNAPLdroplets[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1997,24(3):221-246.
[14]HILL D E,PARLANGE J Y.Wetting front instability in layered soils[J].Soil Science,1976,122(4):236-239.
[15]Al-RAOUSH R I.Impact of wettability on pore-scale characteristics of residual nonaqueous phase liquids[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(13):4796-4801.
[16]AOCHI Y O,FARMER W J.Impact of soil microstructure on the molecular transport dynamics of1,2-dichloroethane[J].Geoderma,2005,127(1):137-153.
[17]GERKE H H,BADORRECK A,EINECKE M.Singleand dual-porosity modelling of flow in reclaimed mine soil cores with embedded lignitic fragments[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2009,104:90-106.
[18]马艳飞.非饱和含水介质中石油污染物迁移-转化与淋洗技术研究[D].山东:中国海洋大学,2011.
[19]BAI M,ROEGIERS J C.Triple-porosity analysis of solute transport[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1997,28(3):247-266.