冶金固废中铟的湿法浸出技术
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摘要
我国再生铟主要从冶金固废中湿法提取,浸出工艺直接影响着铟回收率。通过对冶金固废中铟湿法浸出技术的介绍,对每种浸出技术的国内外研究进展进行了综合分析。其中,以酸性浸出为主,再辅以其他手段强化,铟浸出率基本达到90%以上。但是,浸出后伴随铁、锌、钙、镁等组分后续处理存在分离困难等问题,使得纯化提铟工艺存在流程长、工艺复杂、能耗高等缺点。碱性浸出能够使铟等少量两性物质进入溶液,剩余组分保留在浸出渣中,从而简化分离过程。如能采用合适的强化手段破坏含铟晶格结构,为铟的浸出打开通道,则可以实现铟的高效碱性浸出和铟铁分离。因此,该方法可作为短流程、低能耗提铟的研究方向。
The regenerated indium is mainly extracted from the metallurgical solid waste by wet method in China,in which leaching process directly affects the recovery rate of indium.Wet leaching technology of indium from metallurgical solid waste is introduced in this paper.Research progress of each wet leaching technology at home and abroad is comprehensively analyzed.Among them,acid leaching is the main method,and then enhanced by other means,and the leaching rate of indium is basically more than 90%.However,problems such as separation of iron,zinc,calcium,magnesium and other components exist in solution after leaching,then separation and other problems occur in subsequent processing.Thus,purification and extraction process of indium has disadvantages such as long process,complex process and high energy consumption and so on.Alkaline leaching can make a small amount of amphoteric components,such as indium,into the solution,and the remaining components are retained in leaching residue to simplify separation process.Proper strengthening means can be used to destroy the indium lattice structure and open a channel for indium leaching,then high efficiency leaching and separation of indium can be realized.Therefore,alkaline leaching with strengthening method can be a new research direction for indium extraction with short process and low energy consumption.
The regenerated indium is mainly extracted from the metallurgical solid waste by wet method in China,in which leaching process directly affects the recovery rate of indium.Wet leaching technology of indium from metallurgical solid waste is introduced in this paper.Research progress of each wet leaching technology at home and abroad is comprehensively analyzed.Among them,acid leaching is the main method,and then enhanced by other means,and the leaching rate of indium is basically more than 90%.However,problems such as separation of iron,zinc,calcium,magnesium and other components exist in solution after leaching,then separation and other problems occur in subsequent processing.Thus,purification and extraction process of indium has disadvantages such as long process,complex process and high energy consumption and so on.Alkaline leaching can make a small amount of amphoteric components,such as indium,into the solution,and the remaining components are retained in leaching residue to simplify separation process.Proper strengthening means can be used to destroy the indium lattice structure and open a channel for indium leaching,then high efficiency leaching and separation of indium can be realized.Therefore,alkaline leaching with strengthening method can be a new research direction for indium extraction with short process and low energy consumption.
引文
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[20]李小英,王吉坤,麦振海.高铁硫化锌精矿氧压浸出铟的研究[J].云南冶金,2006,35(6):27-29.LI Xiaoying,WANG Jikun,MAI Zhenhai.Study on Indium Leaching by Pressure-Oxidation from High-iron Zinc Sulphide Concentrate[J].Yunnan Metal.,2006,35(6):27-29.
[21]李栋.铅反射炉含铟烟尘氧压酸浸的研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2012(11):47-51.LI Dong.Study on oxygen pressure acid leaching for lead reverberatory furnace indium bearing dust[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2012(11):47-51.
[22]韦岩松,吴志鸿,张燕娟,等.含铟锌渣氧粉加压氧化浸铟的工艺研究[J].金属矿山,2009(11):73-75.WEI Yansong,WU Zhihong,ZHANG Yanjuan,et al.Research on the process for extracting indium from zinc oxide flue dust by pressure oxidation leaching[J].Met.Min.,2009(11):73-75.
[23]姚昌洪,车文婷.对某厂铅锑烟灰提铟的研究[J].湖南有色金属,1996,12(2):58-62.YAO Changhong,CHE Wenting.Study on the extraction of indium from lead antimony soot in a factory[J].Hunan Nonferr.Met.,1996,12(2):58-62.
[24]曾冬铭,舒万艮,刘又年,等.低酸浸出-溶剂萃取法从含铟渣中回收铟[J].有色金属,2002,54(3):41-43.ZENG Dongming,SHU Wangen,LIU Younian,et al.Indium recovery from indium containing residue by L-SX process[J].Nonferrous Metals,2002,54(3):41-44.
[25]张凯霞,李其军,陈鼎元,等.锌高浸渣烟尘中铟浸出工艺改进研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(10):53-57.ZHANG Kaixia,LI Qijun,CHEN Dingyuan,et al.Process improvement for indium leaching from evaporation dust of high acid leaching residues in zinc hydrometallurgy[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2016(10):53-57.
[26]张燕娟,黎铉海,潘柳萍,等.机械活化对铟铁酸锌溶解动力学及物化性质的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(3):41-44.ZHANG Yanjuan,LI Xuanhai,PAN Liuping,et al.Influences of mechanical activation on dissolution kinetics and physicochemical properties of indiumbearing zinc ferrite[J].Chinese J.Nonferr.Met.,2012,22(3):41-44.
[27]黎铉海,姚金环.搅拌磨机械活化硬锌渣浸铟的动力学研究[J].金属矿山,2007(3):41-44.LI Xuanhai,YAO Jinhuan.Study on Kinetics of Leaching Indium from Hard Zinc Residue Mechanically Activated by Stirring Mill[J].Met.Min.,2007(3):41-44.
[28]黎铉海,阳健,韦岩松,等.机械活化强化锌渣氧粉铟浸出的工艺研究[J].稀有金属,2008,32(6):811-814.LI Xuanhai,YANG Jian,WEI Yansong,et al.Technology of enhancing indium leaching from zinc slag oxidation dust by mechanical activation[J].Rare Met.,2008,32(6):811-814.
[29]YAO J H,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Enhancing physicochemical properties and indium leachability of indium-bearing zinc ferrite mechanically activated using tumbling mill[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2012,43(3):449-459.
[30]YAO J H,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Investigations on indium and zinc leachabilities from indium-bearing zinc ferrite improved by planetary ball milling[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2013,22(5):1311-1318.
[31]ZHANG Y J,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Effect of mechanical activation on the kinetics of extracting indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,102(1/2/3/4):95-100.
[32]ZHANG L Y,MO J M,LI X H,et al.A Kinetic study of indium leaching from indium-bearing zinc ferrite under microwave heating[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2013,44(6):1329-1336.
[33]CHANG J,PENG J H,ZHANG L B,et al.Extraction of indium from zinc oxide flue dust by microwave sulfation roasting and water leaching[C]//144th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of Minerals,Metals and Materials Society.Florida,2015:35-42.
[34]常军,张利波,彭金辉,等.微波强化焙烧氧化锌烟尘提铟工艺优化研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(3):39-44.CHANG Jun,ZHANG Libo,PENG Jinhui,et al.Optimization extraction of indium by microwave enhanced roasting process from zinc oxide dust[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2018(3):39-44.
[35]姚金环,丘雪萍,陈钦,等.超声波辅助浸出铁钒渣中铟锌试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2017,36(4):262-266.YAO Jinhuan,QIU Xueping,CHEN Qin,et al.Ultrasonic-assisted leaching of indium and zinc from jarosite slag[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2017,36(4):262-266.
[36]SHEN X M,LI L S,WU Z J,et al.Ultrasonic-assisted acid leaching of indium from blast furnace sludge[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2013,44(6):1324-1328.
[37]秦树辰,王海北,刘三平,等.氯盐体系铟萃取富集试验[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(4):51-54.QIN Shuchen,WANG Haibei,LIU Sanping,et al.Study on extraction and enrichment of indium in chloride salt system[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2018(4):51-54.
[2]KANG H N,LEE J Y,KIM J Y.Recovery of indium from etching waste by solvent extraction and electrolytic refining[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,110(1/2/3/4):120-127.
[3]HE Y,MA E,XU Z M.Recycling indium from waste liquid crystal display panel by vacuum carbon-reduction[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,268(6):185-190.
[4]YOSHIDA H,IZHAR S,NISHIO E,et al.Recovery of indium from TFT and CF glasses in LCD panel wastesusing sub-critical water[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2014,125(6):14-19.
[5]HASEGAWA H,RAHMAN I M M,UMEHARA Y,et al.Selective recovery of indium from the etching waste solution of the flat-panel display fabrication process[J].Microchemical Journal,2013,110(9):133-139.
[6]LEE C H,JEONG M K,KILICASLAN M F,et al.Recovery of indium from used LCD Panel by a time efficient and environmentally sound method assisted HEBM[J].Waste Management,2013,33(3):730-734.
[7]王树楷.铟冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:346-349.WANG Shukai.Indium Metallurgy[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2006:346-349.
[8]高照国,曹耀华,刘红召.含铟铅烟尘提铟试验研究[J].稀有金属,2010,34(3):413-419.GAO Zhaoguo,CAO Yaohua,LIU Hongzhao.Indium Extraction Process from Lead Soot with Indium[J].Chinese J.Rare Met.,2010,34(3):413-419.
[9]唐谟堂,李仕庆,杨声海,等.无铁渣湿法炼锌提铟工艺[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2004(6):27-29.TANG Motang,LI Shiqing,YANG Shenghai,et al.The hydrometallurgy of zinc and indium without iron residue[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2004(6):27-29.
[10]刘郎明.从铅浮渣反射炉烟尘中提铟的生产实践[J].中国有色冶金,2004,33(3):28-30.LIU Langming.Extracting indium from lead-dross reverberatory furnace dust[J].China Nonferr.Metal.,2004,33(3):28-30.
[11]李仕庆,唐谟堂,何静.高硅碱浸渣提铟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):49-53.LI Shiqing,TANG Motang,HE Jing.Extracting indium from basic leached residue bearing high silicon[J].J.Cent.South Univ.,2004,35(1):49-53.
[12]邬建辉,刘刚,苏涛,等.复杂烟尘高效浸出铟的工艺研究[J].矿冶工程,2015,35(5):95-98.WU Jianhui,LIU Gang,SU Tao,et al.Processes for leaching indium efficiently from complex dust[J].Min.Metal Eng.,2015,35(5):95-98.
[13]POURRAHIM M,REZAI B,GHARABAGHI M.Comparison of indium and gallium dissolution from zinc oxide concentrate in different acidic solutions[J].Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2017,42(4):1591-1600.
[14]文岳中,刘又年,舒万艮,等.固体酸化焙烧-水浸提铟的研究[J].稀有金属,1999,23(3):227-229.WEN Yuezhong,LIU Younian,SHU Wangen,et al.Solid acid calcination of sludge containing indium and leaching of indium with water[J].Chinese J.Rare Met.,1999,23(3):227-229.
[15]LI X H,ZHANG Y J,QIN Q L,et al.Indium recovery from zinc oxide flue dust by oxidative pressure leaching[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s1):141-145.
[16]ZHANG Y H,JIN B J,MA B Z,et al.Separation of indium from lead smelting hazardous dust via leaching and solvent extraction[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2017,5(3):2182-2188.
[17]LI C X,WEI C,XU H S,et al.Kinetics of indium dissolution from sphalerite concentrate in pressure acid leaching[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,105(1/2):172-175.
[18]TIAN L,LIU Y,ZHANG T G,et al.Kinetics of indium dissolution from marmatite with high indium content in pressure acid leaching[J].Rare Metals,2017,36(1):69-76.
[19]黄迎红,王亚雄,王维昌.含铟锡烟尘硫酸氧压浸出提铟试验[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2011(12):35-38.HUANG Yinghong,WANG Yaxiong,WANGWeichang.Indium extraction by sulfuric acid pressure oxidation leaching process from tin dust with indium[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2011(12):35-38.
[20]李小英,王吉坤,麦振海.高铁硫化锌精矿氧压浸出铟的研究[J].云南冶金,2006,35(6):27-29.LI Xiaoying,WANG Jikun,MAI Zhenhai.Study on Indium Leaching by Pressure-Oxidation from High-iron Zinc Sulphide Concentrate[J].Yunnan Metal.,2006,35(6):27-29.
[21]李栋.铅反射炉含铟烟尘氧压酸浸的研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2012(11):47-51.LI Dong.Study on oxygen pressure acid leaching for lead reverberatory furnace indium bearing dust[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2012(11):47-51.
[22]韦岩松,吴志鸿,张燕娟,等.含铟锌渣氧粉加压氧化浸铟的工艺研究[J].金属矿山,2009(11):73-75.WEI Yansong,WU Zhihong,ZHANG Yanjuan,et al.Research on the process for extracting indium from zinc oxide flue dust by pressure oxidation leaching[J].Met.Min.,2009(11):73-75.
[23]姚昌洪,车文婷.对某厂铅锑烟灰提铟的研究[J].湖南有色金属,1996,12(2):58-62.YAO Changhong,CHE Wenting.Study on the extraction of indium from lead antimony soot in a factory[J].Hunan Nonferr.Met.,1996,12(2):58-62.
[24]曾冬铭,舒万艮,刘又年,等.低酸浸出-溶剂萃取法从含铟渣中回收铟[J].有色金属,2002,54(3):41-43.ZENG Dongming,SHU Wangen,LIU Younian,et al.Indium recovery from indium containing residue by L-SX process[J].Nonferrous Metals,2002,54(3):41-44.
[25]张凯霞,李其军,陈鼎元,等.锌高浸渣烟尘中铟浸出工艺改进研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(10):53-57.ZHANG Kaixia,LI Qijun,CHEN Dingyuan,et al.Process improvement for indium leaching from evaporation dust of high acid leaching residues in zinc hydrometallurgy[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2016(10):53-57.
[26]张燕娟,黎铉海,潘柳萍,等.机械活化对铟铁酸锌溶解动力学及物化性质的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(3):41-44.ZHANG Yanjuan,LI Xuanhai,PAN Liuping,et al.Influences of mechanical activation on dissolution kinetics and physicochemical properties of indiumbearing zinc ferrite[J].Chinese J.Nonferr.Met.,2012,22(3):41-44.
[27]黎铉海,姚金环.搅拌磨机械活化硬锌渣浸铟的动力学研究[J].金属矿山,2007(3):41-44.LI Xuanhai,YAO Jinhuan.Study on Kinetics of Leaching Indium from Hard Zinc Residue Mechanically Activated by Stirring Mill[J].Met.Min.,2007(3):41-44.
[28]黎铉海,阳健,韦岩松,等.机械活化强化锌渣氧粉铟浸出的工艺研究[J].稀有金属,2008,32(6):811-814.LI Xuanhai,YANG Jian,WEI Yansong,et al.Technology of enhancing indium leaching from zinc slag oxidation dust by mechanical activation[J].Rare Met.,2008,32(6):811-814.
[29]YAO J H,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Enhancing physicochemical properties and indium leachability of indium-bearing zinc ferrite mechanically activated using tumbling mill[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2012,43(3):449-459.
[30]YAO J H,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Investigations on indium and zinc leachabilities from indium-bearing zinc ferrite improved by planetary ball milling[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2013,22(5):1311-1318.
[31]ZHANG Y J,LI X H,PAN L P,et al.Effect of mechanical activation on the kinetics of extracting indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,102(1/2/3/4):95-100.
[32]ZHANG L Y,MO J M,LI X H,et al.A Kinetic study of indium leaching from indium-bearing zinc ferrite under microwave heating[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2013,44(6):1329-1336.
[33]CHANG J,PENG J H,ZHANG L B,et al.Extraction of indium from zinc oxide flue dust by microwave sulfation roasting and water leaching[C]//144th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of Minerals,Metals and Materials Society.Florida,2015:35-42.
[34]常军,张利波,彭金辉,等.微波强化焙烧氧化锌烟尘提铟工艺优化研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(3):39-44.CHANG Jun,ZHANG Libo,PENG Jinhui,et al.Optimization extraction of indium by microwave enhanced roasting process from zinc oxide dust[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2018(3):39-44.
[35]姚金环,丘雪萍,陈钦,等.超声波辅助浸出铁钒渣中铟锌试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2017,36(4):262-266.YAO Jinhuan,QIU Xueping,CHEN Qin,et al.Ultrasonic-assisted leaching of indium and zinc from jarosite slag[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2017,36(4):262-266.
[36]SHEN X M,LI L S,WU Z J,et al.Ultrasonic-assisted acid leaching of indium from blast furnace sludge[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2013,44(6):1324-1328.
[37]秦树辰,王海北,刘三平,等.氯盐体系铟萃取富集试验[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(4):51-54.QIN Shuchen,WANG Haibei,LIU Sanping,et al.Study on extraction and enrichment of indium in chloride salt system[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2018(4):51-54.
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