江苏茶叶主产区土壤养分空间分布特性
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摘要
茶树的生长发育与土壤条件密切相关。本试验通过调查江苏茶园土壤养分情况,探明养分的丰缺状况,为江苏茶产业高效优质安全生产提供理论依据。试验主要采集江苏三个主要产茶区茶园土壤,测定土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、钾、钙、镁及微量营养元素含量,对其有效性进行分级评价,并分析土壤营养元素与pH值、地理位置的相关性。结果显示,所调查分析的茶园土壤养分状况和肥力质量良好,仅个别茶园的磷、钾含量偏低;茶园土壤pH值范围适合茶树生长但表现出酸化趋势;土壤中有效钙、镁含量偏高,其中62.5%的茶园土壤Ca/Mg比值小于5;土壤有效锌和有效铁含量普遍过高,而有效硼和有效锰含量则处在中低等水平,个别茶园存在硼和锰亏缺现象。相关性分析结果表明,茶园土壤有效锰含量与土壤pH值之间呈显著正相关,有效硼含量与取样点纬度之间呈显著负相关。
The growth of tea based on soil,tea garden soil nutrient content is an important index of tea garden soil fertility levels.Soil nutrient condition plays a great role on good quality and high yield of tea production,which means that soil nutrient levels will affect the yield and quality of tea directly.We collected three different areas and different types of tea garden soil of Jiangsu and analysis soil nutrient content of organic matter,total N,available P,K,available Ca,Mg,trace elements,and their evaluation of effectiveness and the correlation between soil pH,the geographical position and available trace elements.The results showed that soil fertilizer retention capacity was above average.In general,the content of organic matter,total N,available P,K were rich,while there were great variations.The pH value was suitable for tea tree growth,but it showed a trend of acidification.The soil in the region were relatively rich in available Ca and Mg.The proportion of the ratio of soil Ca/Mg lower than the critical value was 62.5%.The contents of available Zn and Fe were also rich,but low in available B and Mn.Nearly quarter of the soils sampled in the region was considered deficient in manganese and boron.Correlation between soil pH and available Mn is positive and significant,Negative correlation between Sampling point latitude and available B were significant except.
The growth of tea based on soil,tea garden soil nutrient content is an important index of tea garden soil fertility levels.Soil nutrient condition plays a great role on good quality and high yield of tea production,which means that soil nutrient levels will affect the yield and quality of tea directly.We collected three different areas and different types of tea garden soil of Jiangsu and analysis soil nutrient content of organic matter,total N,available P,K,available Ca,Mg,trace elements,and their evaluation of effectiveness and the correlation between soil pH,the geographical position and available trace elements.The results showed that soil fertilizer retention capacity was above average.In general,the content of organic matter,total N,available P,K were rich,while there were great variations.The pH value was suitable for tea tree growth,but it showed a trend of acidification.The soil in the region were relatively rich in available Ca and Mg.The proportion of the ratio of soil Ca/Mg lower than the critical value was 62.5%.The contents of available Zn and Fe were also rich,but low in available B and Mn.Nearly quarter of the soils sampled in the region was considered deficient in manganese and boron.Correlation between soil pH and available Mn is positive and significant,Negative correlation between Sampling point latitude and available B were significant except.
引文
[1]刘美雅,伊晓云,石元值,等.茶园土壤性状及茶树营养元素吸收、转运机制研究进展[J].茶叶科学,2015,35(02):110-120.
[2]任艳芳,何俊瑜,张艳超,等.贵州省开阳茶园土壤有效微量元素状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):432-435.
[3]薛冬,姚槐应,黄昌勇.植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,(02):84-87.
[4]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[5]宗良纲,周俊,罗敏,等.江苏茶园土壤环境质量现状分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,(04):61-64.
[6]全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[7]李秋月,潘学标.气候变化对我国北方农牧交错带空间位移的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(10):1-6.
[8]金媛,陈良超,冉隆贵,等.陕南茶园土壤微量元素有效性评价研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(03):153-161.
[9]廖启林,华明,张为,等.人为活动对江苏土壤元素含量分布的影响[J].地质学刊,2012,36(02):147-156.
[10]HAMID F S,AHMAD T,KHAN B M,et al.Effect of soil ph in rooting and growth of tea cuttings(CAMELLIA SINENSISL.)at nursery level[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2006,38(2):293-300.
[11]FUNG K F,CARR H P,ZHANG J,et al.Growth and nutrient uptake of tea under different aluminium concentration[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,88(9):1582-1591.
[12]程正芳,宋木兰,童云娟,等.苏南低产茶园土壤障碍因素研究[J].茶叶,1994,(01):18-22.
[13]孙娴,林振山.经验模态分解下中国气温变化趋势的区域特征[J].地理学报,2007,(11):1132-1141.
[14]徐仁扣.我国降水中的NH4+及其在土壤酸化中的作用[J].农业环境保护,1996,(03):139-140,142.
[15]徐仁扣,D.R.COVENTRY.某些农业措施对土壤酸化的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,(05):385-388.
[16]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(02):238-244.
[17]孙继海,吴子铭.茶园土壤活性酸度动态、土壤酸化及最适酸度的初步研究[J].土壤肥料,1980,(03):16-23.
[18]张小琴,陈娟,高秀兵,等.贵州重点茶区茶园土壤p H值和主要养分分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(01):286-291.
[19]王小兵,骆永明,李振高,等.长期定位施肥对亚热带丘陵地区红壤旱地质量的影响Ⅰ.酸度[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):98-102.
[20]林葆,周卫,李书田,等.长期施肥对潮土硫、钙和镁组分与平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2001,(03):126-128,145.
[21]吴洵编著.茶树施肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[22]陈玲,田景涛,侯彦双,等.贵州铜仁茶园土壤硼、铁、铜含量调查分析[J].江西农业,2017,(15):106-108.
[23]万青,胡云飞,胡振民,等.江苏省典型白化茶园土壤肥力现状分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017:1-5.
[24]潘月鹏,阎百兴,陆永正,等.不同利用类型土壤剖面溶解性铁的含量与迁移特征[J].土壤通报,2007,(06):1234-1236.
[25]马立锋,石元值,韩文炎.浙江省茶园土壤锰含量状况研究[J].土壤通报,2004,(02):203-206.
[26]谢忠雷,郭平,刘鹏,等.茶园土壤锰的形态分布及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,(02):645-650.
[27]孙祖琰,徐长金.冀南平原土壤有效硼和棉花施硼研究[J].土壤通报,1986,(03):130-132.
[28]郭荣发,刘腾辉.南方茶园土壤活性铝、锰和p H研究[J].土壤通报,1997,(01):40-41,50.
[2]任艳芳,何俊瑜,张艳超,等.贵州省开阳茶园土壤有效微量元素状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):432-435.
[3]薛冬,姚槐应,黄昌勇.植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,(02):84-87.
[4]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[5]宗良纲,周俊,罗敏,等.江苏茶园土壤环境质量现状分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,(04):61-64.
[6]全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[7]李秋月,潘学标.气候变化对我国北方农牧交错带空间位移的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(10):1-6.
[8]金媛,陈良超,冉隆贵,等.陕南茶园土壤微量元素有效性评价研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(03):153-161.
[9]廖启林,华明,张为,等.人为活动对江苏土壤元素含量分布的影响[J].地质学刊,2012,36(02):147-156.
[10]HAMID F S,AHMAD T,KHAN B M,et al.Effect of soil ph in rooting and growth of tea cuttings(CAMELLIA SINENSISL.)at nursery level[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2006,38(2):293-300.
[11]FUNG K F,CARR H P,ZHANG J,et al.Growth and nutrient uptake of tea under different aluminium concentration[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,88(9):1582-1591.
[12]程正芳,宋木兰,童云娟,等.苏南低产茶园土壤障碍因素研究[J].茶叶,1994,(01):18-22.
[13]孙娴,林振山.经验模态分解下中国气温变化趋势的区域特征[J].地理学报,2007,(11):1132-1141.
[14]徐仁扣.我国降水中的NH4+及其在土壤酸化中的作用[J].农业环境保护,1996,(03):139-140,142.
[15]徐仁扣,D.R.COVENTRY.某些农业措施对土壤酸化的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,(05):385-388.
[16]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(02):238-244.
[17]孙继海,吴子铭.茶园土壤活性酸度动态、土壤酸化及最适酸度的初步研究[J].土壤肥料,1980,(03):16-23.
[18]张小琴,陈娟,高秀兵,等.贵州重点茶区茶园土壤p H值和主要养分分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(01):286-291.
[19]王小兵,骆永明,李振高,等.长期定位施肥对亚热带丘陵地区红壤旱地质量的影响Ⅰ.酸度[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):98-102.
[20]林葆,周卫,李书田,等.长期施肥对潮土硫、钙和镁组分与平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2001,(03):126-128,145.
[21]吴洵编著.茶树施肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[22]陈玲,田景涛,侯彦双,等.贵州铜仁茶园土壤硼、铁、铜含量调查分析[J].江西农业,2017,(15):106-108.
[23]万青,胡云飞,胡振民,等.江苏省典型白化茶园土壤肥力现状分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017:1-5.
[24]潘月鹏,阎百兴,陆永正,等.不同利用类型土壤剖面溶解性铁的含量与迁移特征[J].土壤通报,2007,(06):1234-1236.
[25]马立锋,石元值,韩文炎.浙江省茶园土壤锰含量状况研究[J].土壤通报,2004,(02):203-206.
[26]谢忠雷,郭平,刘鹏,等.茶园土壤锰的形态分布及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,(02):645-650.
[27]孙祖琰,徐长金.冀南平原土壤有效硼和棉花施硼研究[J].土壤通报,1986,(03):130-132.
[28]郭荣发,刘腾辉.南方茶园土壤活性铝、锰和p H研究[J].土壤通报,1997,(01):40-41,50.
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