西辽河流域通辽平原区地下水埋深与植被及土壤特征的关系
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摘要
[目的]揭示地下水埋深与植物群落特征及土壤理化特性相关关系,为西辽河流域通辽平原区生态环境健康和谐发展提供依据。[方法]运用时空替代和土壤单重分形等方法,定量分析植被群落和土壤颗粒变化特征,并探讨二者对地下水埋深变化的响应机理。[结果]不同地下水埋深条件下植被特征与多样性指标值大小顺序为2—3m>1—2m>0—1m>(>4m)>3—4m;研究区表层土壤粒度组成以粉粒为主,其中粉粒含量在52.03%～84.78%之间,土壤颗粒平均粒径从大到小依次为3—4m,>4m,0—1m,1—2m和2—3m,颗粒分形维数分别为2.34～2.49之间;分选级别分别为较差、差、较差、较差和差;偏度等级分别为近于对称、近于对称、近于对称、负偏和负偏;各种样地峰态均属很尖窄。[结论]研究区植被群落的演替表现为随着地下水补给条件的变化呈非地带性草甸植被向地带性典型草原植被的演替过程,地下水埋深2—3m处为植被演替临界范围。
[Objective]To explore the relationship between groundwater depth and plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical property,in order to provide a basis for the healthy and harmonious development of ecological environment in Tongliao Plain of West Liaohe River basin.[Methods]Based on the methods of space-time substitution and soil single fractal,the vegetation community characteristics and soil physicochemical property were quantitatively analyzed,and their response mechanism to the change of groundwater depth was discussed.[Results](1) The order of the vegetation diversity indexes under different groundwater depth was showed as:2—3 m >1—2 m>4 m>3—4 m>0—1 m.(2) The topsoil particles were mainly composed of silt with the content between 52.03% and 84.78%.The average size of soil particles was ranked as:3—4 m,>4 m,0—1 m,1—2 mand 2—3 m.(3) The kurtosis were all very narrow.The fractal dimensions were between 2.34 and 2.49.The distributions of soil particle size were all in poor sorting.Correspondingly,the skewness were nearly symmetrical,nearly symmetrical,nearly symmetrical,negative sand negative,respectively.[Conclusion]With the change of groundwater recharge conditions,the succession of vegetation community in the study area is a process from non-zonal meadow vegetation to the zonal typical steppe vegetation.The critical range of vegetation succession is 2—3 munderground water depth.
[Objective]To explore the relationship between groundwater depth and plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical property,in order to provide a basis for the healthy and harmonious development of ecological environment in Tongliao Plain of West Liaohe River basin.[Methods]Based on the methods of space-time substitution and soil single fractal,the vegetation community characteristics and soil physicochemical property were quantitatively analyzed,and their response mechanism to the change of groundwater depth was discussed.[Results](1) The order of the vegetation diversity indexes under different groundwater depth was showed as:2—3 m >1—2 m>4 m>3—4 m>0—1 m.(2) The topsoil particles were mainly composed of silt with the content between 52.03% and 84.78%.The average size of soil particles was ranked as:3—4 m,>4 m,0—1 m,1—2 mand 2—3 m.(3) The kurtosis were all very narrow.The fractal dimensions were between 2.34 and 2.49.The distributions of soil particle size were all in poor sorting.Correspondingly,the skewness were nearly symmetrical,nearly symmetrical,nearly symmetrical,negative sand negative,respectively.[Conclusion]With the change of groundwater recharge conditions,the succession of vegetation community in the study area is a process from non-zonal meadow vegetation to the zonal typical steppe vegetation.The critical range of vegetation succession is 2—3 munderground water depth.
引文
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[15]苏永中,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地农田沙漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):71-74.
[16]王琴,蒙仲举,汪季,等.希拉穆仁草原近自然恢复状态下植被-土壤响应特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1159-1167.
[17]张佳瑞,王金满,祝宇成,等.分形理论在土壤学应用中的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):221-228.
[18]白晓慧,白文明.内蒙古通辽市近30年降水变化分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(9):67-69.
[19]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法(Ⅰ):α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,3(3):162-168.
[20]郭鑫,赵全升,张建伟,等.大沽河下游地区地下水及地表植被对截渗墙的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):142-147.
[21]丁延龙,高永,蒙仲举,等.希拉穆仁荒漠草原风蚀地表颗粒粒度特征[J].土壤,2016,48(4):803-812.
[22]李惠娣,杨琦,聂振龙,等.土壤结构变化对包气带土壤水分参数的影响及环境效应[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(6):100-102.
[23]朱永华,张生,孙标,等.科尔沁沙地典型区地下水、降水变化特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(4):718-728.
[24]魏彬,海米提·依米提,王庆峰,等.克里雅绿洲地下水埋深与土壤含水量的相关性[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1110-1116.
[25]胡晓蕾,张富仓,赵旭.杨凌包气带深层黄土颗粒分形特性的实验研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(3):1-4.
[26]龚晨,安萍莉,琪赫,等.阴山北麓地区农作制度演变历程及演变规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(2):66-70.
[27]刘秀花,王蕊,胡安焱,等.颗粒组成对包气带水分运动参数的通径分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(3):320-326.
[2]岳喜元,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险评价[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):8-16.
[3]赵学勇,张春民,左小安,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化土地恢复面临的挑战[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1559-1564.
[4]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120-125.
[5]张九天,何霄嘉,上官冬辉,等.冰川加剧消融对我国西北干旱区的影响及其适应对策[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):848-854.
[6]马玉蕾,王德,刘俊民,等.地下水与植被关系的研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(5):36-40.
[7]王旭升,万力,齐蕊,等.鄂尔多斯高原地下水与植被盖度的相互影响[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(5):1013-1022.
[8]满苏尔·沙比提,胡江玲.新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水特征对天然植被的影响分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):422-428.
[9]Kennedy M P,Milne J M,Murphy K J.Experimental growth response stoground water level variation and competition in five British wetland plants pecies[J].Wetlands Ecology&Management,2003,11(6):383-396.
[10]张天曾.中国干旱区水资源利用和生态环境[J].自然资源,1981(1):62-67.
[11]孙丽,刘廷玺,段利民,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区表土饱和导水率的土壤传递函数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):68-76.
[12]Huo Siyuan,Jin Menggui,Liang Xing,et al.Changes of vertical groundwater recharge with increase in thickness of Vadose zone simulated by one-dimensional variably saturated flow model[J].Journal of Earth Science,2014,25(6):1043-1050.
[13]蒙仲举,王猛,高永,等.基于土壤粒度参数的荒漠草原地表粗粒化过程[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):22-28.
[14]张惜伟,汪季,高永,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑表层土壤粒度特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):293-299.
[15]苏永中,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地农田沙漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):71-74.
[16]王琴,蒙仲举,汪季,等.希拉穆仁草原近自然恢复状态下植被-土壤响应特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1159-1167.
[17]张佳瑞,王金满,祝宇成,等.分形理论在土壤学应用中的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):221-228.
[18]白晓慧,白文明.内蒙古通辽市近30年降水变化分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(9):67-69.
[19]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法(Ⅰ):α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,3(3):162-168.
[20]郭鑫,赵全升,张建伟,等.大沽河下游地区地下水及地表植被对截渗墙的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):142-147.
[21]丁延龙,高永,蒙仲举,等.希拉穆仁荒漠草原风蚀地表颗粒粒度特征[J].土壤,2016,48(4):803-812.
[22]李惠娣,杨琦,聂振龙,等.土壤结构变化对包气带土壤水分参数的影响及环境效应[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(6):100-102.
[23]朱永华,张生,孙标,等.科尔沁沙地典型区地下水、降水变化特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(4):718-728.
[24]魏彬,海米提·依米提,王庆峰,等.克里雅绿洲地下水埋深与土壤含水量的相关性[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1110-1116.
[25]胡晓蕾,张富仓,赵旭.杨凌包气带深层黄土颗粒分形特性的实验研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(3):1-4.
[26]龚晨,安萍莉,琪赫,等.阴山北麓地区农作制度演变历程及演变规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(2):66-70.
[27]刘秀花,王蕊,胡安焱,等.颗粒组成对包气带水分运动参数的通径分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(3):320-326.
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