基于锤击法的新型竹结构房屋动力特性测试
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摘要
发生在2008年的5.12汶川大地震给我国造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,使得广大工程人员与科研工作者对于建筑结构的抗震性给予了更高的关注。相比于混凝土、钢材等传统建筑材料,竹(木)质材料具有低碳、绿色、可再生等特点。我国是竹资源大国,竹材数量众多且分布广泛。目前,基于竹质基材,可以通过现代化的处理技术和加工手段,得到材质均一、强度高、刚度大性能优异的竹质深加工产品。研究团队将竹胶合板、竹重组材、竹层积材等作为建筑材料,采用新型结构形式建造了一栋全竹质结构二层单体小楼。为了研究该竹质结构房屋的动力特性以及抗震性能,根据竹结构房屋的特点,笔者通过锤击激振法对其进行动力学模态测试,得到了该房屋的主振频率、阻尼、振型等数据。分析后认为该新型结构房屋结构平面规整,阻尼特性合理,符合抗震规范的要求。为了工程应用与推广,研究了国内外相关木结构规范和标准,结合我国抗震规范要求给出了竹结构房屋抗震设计参数的取值建议:即该类型的竹结构房屋可参考木结构设计规范进行工程设计,两种结构能体现相似的动力特性;在考虑抗震设计时,房屋的地震影响系数α可直接取η_2α_(max)。
Occurred on May 12,2008,the 8-magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake had caused tremendous casualties,geological disasters and economic losses. Nowadays,more and more researchers devote themselves to structural seismic research,and large numbers of research results and new structure styles have appeared in recent years. Compared with traditional building materials such as concrete and steel,bamboo materials have the advantages of low carbon,green and renewable. Its capacity to absorb energy and the higher bending strength makes bamboo an ideal material for seismicresistant constructions. Thus,bamboo is promising to be used as components of building materials.As a country with abundant bamboo resources,bamboo material is used in numerous areas and distributed widely in China. In this study,based on the bamboo material,the excellent bamboo products with high strength and high rigidity were developed through the modern processing technology and processing methods. A two-story single building in a new type of structure was constructed by the new building materials,such as,bamboo plywood,bamboo recombinant material and bamboo laminated materials. In order to examine the dynamic characteristics of the house,the dynamic modal test was carried out by the impact hammer test. Then the first four natural frequencies,damping ratios,mode shapes and other information of the building were obtained. It was concluded that the plane arrangement of the structural system was regular,symmetric and uniform,which was helpful to resist earthquakes attack,and the house with reasonable damping characteristics met the requirements of the seismic code. In order to apply and promote the new type structure,this study investigated the relevant specifications and standards of wood structures for domestic and international markets,and provided some suggestions of the values for the seismic design parameters of bamboo buildings according to the requirements of China's seismic codes. This type of bamboo structure can refer to the design specification of wooden structure for engineering design,and the two structures can reflect similar dynamic characteristics. In the earthquakeresistant design,the earthquake influence coefficient η_2α_(max) of the house can be directly taken into account.
Occurred on May 12,2008,the 8-magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake had caused tremendous casualties,geological disasters and economic losses. Nowadays,more and more researchers devote themselves to structural seismic research,and large numbers of research results and new structure styles have appeared in recent years. Compared with traditional building materials such as concrete and steel,bamboo materials have the advantages of low carbon,green and renewable. Its capacity to absorb energy and the higher bending strength makes bamboo an ideal material for seismicresistant constructions. Thus,bamboo is promising to be used as components of building materials.As a country with abundant bamboo resources,bamboo material is used in numerous areas and distributed widely in China. In this study,based on the bamboo material,the excellent bamboo products with high strength and high rigidity were developed through the modern processing technology and processing methods. A two-story single building in a new type of structure was constructed by the new building materials,such as,bamboo plywood,bamboo recombinant material and bamboo laminated materials. In order to examine the dynamic characteristics of the house,the dynamic modal test was carried out by the impact hammer test. Then the first four natural frequencies,damping ratios,mode shapes and other information of the building were obtained. It was concluded that the plane arrangement of the structural system was regular,symmetric and uniform,which was helpful to resist earthquakes attack,and the house with reasonable damping characteristics met the requirements of the seismic code. In order to apply and promote the new type structure,this study investigated the relevant specifications and standards of wood structures for domestic and international markets,and provided some suggestions of the values for the seismic design parameters of bamboo buildings according to the requirements of China's seismic codes. This type of bamboo structure can refer to the design specification of wooden structure for engineering design,and the two structures can reflect similar dynamic characteristics. In the earthquakeresistant design,the earthquake influence coefficient η_2α_(max) of the house can be directly taken into account.
引文
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[10]程海江.轻型木结构房屋抗震性能研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.CHENG H J.Study on seismic performance of light wooden structure buildings[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[11]沈松,应怀樵,雷速华,等.用锤击法和变时基技术进行黄河铁路桥的模态试验分析[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(3):492-495.DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2000.03.025.SHEN S,YING H Q,LEI S H,et al.Modal test for yellow river bridge exciting with hammer[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2000,13(3):492-495.
[12]涂玥,徐建光,李长和,等.用变时基技术进行弧形钢闸门的模态试验分析[J].西北电力技术,2005(4):9-12.TU Y,XU J G,LI C H,et al.The modal test analysis of curved steel gate with variable time base technique[J].Northwest Power Technology,2005(4):9-12.
[13]Building International Conference of Officials.Uniform building code[S].California:1997.
[14]American Engineering Society of Civil.ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures[S].Washington DC:America Engineering Society of Civil,2006.
[15]Federal Emergency Management Agency.FEMA-273 NEHERPguidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S].Washington D C:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
[16]Federal Emergency Management Agency.FEMA-302 NEHERPrecommended provisions guidelines for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures[S].Washington D C:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
[2]陈松来,张盛东,王焕定,等.轻型木结构房屋侧向变形机理的现场试验研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):453-459.CHEN S L,ZHANG S D,WANG H D,et al.In situ experimental study of deformation mechanism under lateral loads for wood frame building[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2008,36(4):453-459.
[3]熊海贝,康加华,吕西林.轻型木结构房屋动力特性测试及研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(3):346-352.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2011.03.007.XIONG H B,KANG J H,LU X L.Test and investigation on dynamic characteristics of wood frame construction[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(3):346-352.
[4]秦术杰,杨娜,胡浩然,等.残损明清古建筑木结构动力特性研究[J].建筑结构学报,2018,39(10):130-137.DOI:10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2018.10.015.QIN S J,YANG N,HU H R,et al.Study on dynamic characteristics of a damaged ancient timber structure of Ming-Qing Dynasty[J].Journal of Building Structures,2018,39(10):130-137.
[5]谢启芳,王龙,张利朋,等.西安钟楼木结构模型振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2018(12):128-138.DOI:10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2018.12.015.XIE Q F,WANG L,ZHANG L P,et al.Shaking table tests on wooden structure model of Xi'an Bell Tower[J].Journal of Building Structures,2018(12):128-138.
[6]刘应扬,张枫,熊海贝.半刚性连接梁柱式木结构抗侧力性能研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(8):1011-1017.DOI:10.11908/j.issn.0253-374x.2018.08.002.LIU Y Y,ZHANG F,XIONG H B.Lateral performance study on timber frame structure with semi-figid connections[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2018,46(8):1011-1017.
[7]魏洋,张齐生,蒋身学,等.现代竹质工程材料的基本性能及其在建筑结构中的应用前景[J].建筑技术,2011(5):390-393.WEI Y,ZHANG Q S,JIANG S X,et al.Basic properties and prospects of modern bamboo engineering materials applied in building structures[J].Building Technology,2011(5):390-393.
[8]李琴,汪奎宏,华锡奇,等.重组竹生产工艺的初步研究[J].人造板通讯,2001(7):6-9.LI Q,WANG K H,HUA X Q,et al.Preliminary study on recombinant bamboo production process[J].China Wood-Based Panels,2001(7):6-9.
[9]吕清芳,魏洋,张齐生,等.新型抗震竹质工程材料安居示范房及关键技术[J].特种结构,2008,25(4):6-10.LYU Q F,WEI Y,ZHANG Q S,et al.New anti-seismic demonstration room with bamboo engineering materials and key technology[J].Special Structure,2008,25(4):6-10.
[10]程海江.轻型木结构房屋抗震性能研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.CHENG H J.Study on seismic performance of light wooden structure buildings[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[11]沈松,应怀樵,雷速华,等.用锤击法和变时基技术进行黄河铁路桥的模态试验分析[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(3):492-495.DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2000.03.025.SHEN S,YING H Q,LEI S H,et al.Modal test for yellow river bridge exciting with hammer[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2000,13(3):492-495.
[12]涂玥,徐建光,李长和,等.用变时基技术进行弧形钢闸门的模态试验分析[J].西北电力技术,2005(4):9-12.TU Y,XU J G,LI C H,et al.The modal test analysis of curved steel gate with variable time base technique[J].Northwest Power Technology,2005(4):9-12.
[13]Building International Conference of Officials.Uniform building code[S].California:1997.
[14]American Engineering Society of Civil.ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures[S].Washington DC:America Engineering Society of Civil,2006.
[15]Federal Emergency Management Agency.FEMA-273 NEHERPguidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S].Washington D C:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
[16]Federal Emergency Management Agency.FEMA-302 NEHERPrecommended provisions guidelines for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures[S].Washington D C:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997.
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