中学生自报未来吸毒贩毒感染HIV的相关影响因素调查
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摘要
目的了解凉山地区中学生健康危害行为与未来感染艾滋病病毒(HIV)、吸毒、贩毒之间的关系,为干预措施的制定提供参考依据。方法根据凉山地区毒品及艾滋病流行状况,以随机整群抽样方式在重点地区确定调查点,抽取调查对象,用自制调查问卷进行调查。回收的问卷经过甄别、排除不合格问卷后统一编号、分组。以EpiData 3.1软件录入,SPSS 18软件分析。结果共调查10 749人,承认未来可能感染HIV的2 342人,吸毒1 662人,贩毒1 635人,报告率分别为21.8%、15.5%和15.2%。现在饮酒、现在吸烟、滥用镇静安定药,非安全场所游泳,严重伤害、受欺凌,非自愿性行为、看过色情刊物是未来HIV感染、吸毒、贩毒的危险因素;课外作业时间是保护因素。结论凉山重点地区中学生预测未来HIV感染、吸毒、贩毒的比例较高;多种健康危害行为与之密切相关;要针对性采取强而有力的干预措施,以有效推进本地区禁毒防艾工作。
Objective To understand the relationship between health risk behaviors and future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection among middle school students in Liangshan so as to provide reference for development of intervention measures.Methods According to the prevalence of drugs and AIDS in Liangshan,a random cluster sampling method was used in the selected areas of Liangshan,and a self-made questionnaire survey was conducted,followed by the data analysis with EpiData3.1 and SPSS18.Results Among the surveyed 10 749 students,2 342(21.8%)thought that they were likely to be infected with HIV in the future and 1 662(15.5%)to be drug users and 1 635(15.2%)to be involved in drug trafficking.The risk factors associated with future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection included drinking alcohol,smoking,sedative drug abuse,swimming in unsafe places,serious injury,being bullied,involuntary sex behavior,and exposure to pornography.Time for extracurricular courses was the protective factor.Conclusion The middle school students in the selected areas of Liangshan seem to have high rates of future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection,which are closely related to a variety of health risk behaviors.We should take strong and effective intervention measures to effectively promote the work against drug abuse and AIDS in the areas.
Objective To understand the relationship between health risk behaviors and future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection among middle school students in Liangshan so as to provide reference for development of intervention measures.Methods According to the prevalence of drugs and AIDS in Liangshan,a random cluster sampling method was used in the selected areas of Liangshan,and a self-made questionnaire survey was conducted,followed by the data analysis with EpiData3.1 and SPSS18.Results Among the surveyed 10 749 students,2 342(21.8%)thought that they were likely to be infected with HIV in the future and 1 662(15.5%)to be drug users and 1 635(15.2%)to be involved in drug trafficking.The risk factors associated with future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection included drinking alcohol,smoking,sedative drug abuse,swimming in unsafe places,serious injury,being bullied,involuntary sex behavior,and exposure to pornography.Time for extracurricular courses was the protective factor.Conclusion The middle school students in the selected areas of Liangshan seem to have high rates of future drug use,drug trafficking and HIV infection,which are closely related to a variety of health risk behaviors.We should take strong and effective intervention measures to effectively promote the work against drug abuse and AIDS in the areas.
引文
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[19]徐永芳,周吉,莫秀娟,等.广西大学生性病与艾滋病相关知识态度行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2007,28(11):974-975.
[20]陈慧,曾红.青少年成瘾物质使用的影响因素分析[J].中国药物依赖性杂志,2014,23(6):417-422.
[21]Bush T,Richardson L,Katon W,et al.Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with smoking in adolescents with asthma[J].J Adolesc Health,2007,40(5):425-432.
[22]Teresa M Merrick,张莹,田本淳,等.中国初中生饮酒行为与其他健康危害行为的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(5):409-411.
[2]陈康林,姜正清,阮玉华,等.以社区为基础的静脉吸毒人群共用注射器具行为特征研究[J].中国艾滋病性病,2004,10(2):90-92.
[3]何益新,阮玉华,滕涛,等.以社区为基础的女性静脉吸毒人群吸毒行为及性行为特征研究[J].中国艾滋病性病,2003,9(6):343-345.
[4]刘童童,李英华,李雨波,等.四川省凉山彝族自治州农村地区艾滋病健康教育现状调查及策略建议[J].中国健康教育,2010,26(5):334-337.
[5]袁丽丽,李霞,刘宇鹏,等.凉山州普格县HIV相关知识知晓状况及影响因素的分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2011,15(1):42-44.
[6]牛文华,翟玲玲,任时,等.2013年本溪市青少年伤害的横断面调查[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(6):697-701.
[7]聂少萍,许燕君,马文军,等.广东省大中学生伤害危险行为情况及影响因素分析[J].华南预防医学,2009,35(5):22-26.
[8]张娟,葛小伍,党晓红,等.2013年江苏省青少年非故意伤害危险行为现况[J].中国校医,2016,30(6):442.
[9]王周瑜,季震南,陈榕芳.闽北青少年健康危险行为现状分析及干预[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2011,17(3):34-35.
[10]孙莉,颜玲,张成云,等.四川省城市中学生伤害相关行为现况及其影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(12):1086-1088.
[11]袁斌,杨丽,陈筱莉,等.四川凉山地区彝族、汉族戒毒人员社会人口学特征与毒品相关问题的分析与比较[J].中国药物依赖性杂志,2014,15(4):280-287.
[12]王启兴,宋秀霞,龚煜汉,等.四川省凉山州2004至2012年美沙酮受治者队列基本情况及随访影响因素分析[J].复旦学报(医学版),2014,41(6):771-778.
[13]陆叶,高菁菁,倪敏.海洛因滥用者复吸情况的分析[J].中国药物滥用防治杂志,2011,17(1):26-31.
[14]钱伯建.吸毒者复吸影响因素及内隐认知研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[15]龚煜汉,王启兴,南磊,等.四川省凉山州2007—2012年各类人群HIV检出情况分析[J].现代预防医学2014,41(20):3790-3792.
[16]黄飞,林鹏,李艳.艾滋病预防控制工作指南[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2009:113-129.
[17]吴尊友.中国艾滋病疫情监测面临的挑战[J].疾病监测,2009,24(11):819-821.
[18]徐云.1985—2009浙江省艾滋病疫情分析[J].疾病监测,2010,25(11):877-890.
[19]徐永芳,周吉,莫秀娟,等.广西大学生性病与艾滋病相关知识态度行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2007,28(11):974-975.
[20]陈慧,曾红.青少年成瘾物质使用的影响因素分析[J].中国药物依赖性杂志,2014,23(6):417-422.
[21]Bush T,Richardson L,Katon W,et al.Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with smoking in adolescents with asthma[J].J Adolesc Health,2007,40(5):425-432.
[22]Teresa M Merrick,张莹,田本淳,等.中国初中生饮酒行为与其他健康危害行为的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(5):409-411.