储能式有轨电车车地一体化配置模型
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摘要
为了实现储能式有轨电车系统的经济运行,提出一种新型的联合车载储能系统配置和地面充电站容量的优化配置方法。基于车辆运行工况和充电站能量效率,推导包含储能系统全寿命周期与能量补给的综合成本函数,结合粒子群算法构建优化配置模型。进而对比现有纯超级电容储能的"站站充"运行模式,从经济性的角度分析混合储能方案的优势。为了兼顾混合储能系统配置和充电站容量,采用的模糊控制不仅能合理地分配系统功率,还能调节超级电容的放电深度。最后,通过对实际工况进行算例分析,仿真结果证明了所提优化配置模型的有效性。与纯超级电容方案相比,混合储能方案在日均综合成本上降低了15.6%,对充电站容量的需求降低了68%。
To realize the economical operation of energy storage type tramway system,a novel optimal sizing method considering the on-board energy storage and off-board energy supply is proposed.Based on the operating conditions of tramway system and the energy efficiency of charging stations,a synthetic cost function including the whole life-time cost of on-board energy storage system(OESS) and the cost of energy supply is formulated.Combined with the particle swarm optimization(PSO),the optimal sizing model is established.Furthermore,compared with the existing pure ultracapacitor(UC) system charging at every stop mode,a hybrid energy storage system(HESS) is discussed from the economic point of view.For balancing the size of OESS and the capacity of charging stations,the proposed fuzzy control not only distributes the power,but also regulates the depth of discharge(DOD) of UC system.Finally,by analyzing the actual operation conditions,the calculation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed size optimization.Compared with the pure UC scheme,the synthetic cost reduces 15.6%,and the peak capacity of charging stations decreases 68%.
To realize the economical operation of energy storage type tramway system,a novel optimal sizing method considering the on-board energy storage and off-board energy supply is proposed.Based on the operating conditions of tramway system and the energy efficiency of charging stations,a synthetic cost function including the whole life-time cost of on-board energy storage system(OESS) and the cost of energy supply is formulated.Combined with the particle swarm optimization(PSO),the optimal sizing model is established.Furthermore,compared with the existing pure ultracapacitor(UC) system charging at every stop mode,a hybrid energy storage system(HESS) is discussed from the economic point of view.For balancing the size of OESS and the capacity of charging stations,the proposed fuzzy control not only distributes the power,but also regulates the depth of discharge(DOD) of UC system.Finally,by analyzing the actual operation conditions,the calculation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed size optimization.Compared with the pure UC scheme,the synthetic cost reduces 15.6%,and the peak capacity of charging stations decreases 68%.
引文
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[14]JB/T 2426-1992.发电厂和变电所自用三相变压器技术参数与要求[S].1992.
[15]薛楠,孙丙香,白恺,等.基于容量增量分析的复合材料锂电池分区间循环衰退机理[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):145-152.Xue Nan,Sun Bingxiang,Bai Kai,et al.Different state of charge range cycle degradation mechanism of composite material lithium-ion batteries based on incremental capacity analysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):145-152.
[16]Takami N,Inagaki H,Tatebayashi Y,et al.Highpower and long-life lithium-ion batteries using lithium titanium oxide anode for automotive and stationary power applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2013,244:469-475.
[17]广州有轨电车有限公司.运营时刻表[EB/OL].[2017-09-26].http://www.easycitygo.net/Operation/Index?P=operation.
[18]张帝,姜久春,张维戈,等.基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2101-2107.Zhang Di,Jiang Jiuchun,Zhang Weige,et al.Economic operation of electric vehicle battery swapping station based on genetic algorithms[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2101-2107.
[19]Electricity price list of Guangzhou.Guangzhou municipal development and reform commission[EB/OL].[2017-09-26].http://www.gzplan.gov.cn/gzplan/ggsyjg/list.shtml.
[2]张晴,李欣然,杨明,等.净效益最大的平抑风电功率波动的混合储能容量配置方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):40-48.Zhang Qing,Li Xinran,Yang Ming,et al.Capacity determination of hybrid energy storage system for smoothing wind power fluctuations with maximum net benefit[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):40-48.
[3]颜宁,厉伟,邢作霞,等.复合储能在主动配电网中的容量配置[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):180-186.Yan Ning,Li Wei,Xing Zuoxia,et al.Capacity allocation method in active distribution network based on hybrid energy storage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):180-186.
[4]杨珺,张建成,周阳,等.针对独立风光发电中混合储能容量优化配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(4):38-44.Yang Jun,Zhang Jiancheng,Zhou yang,et al.Research on capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage system in stand-alone wind/PV power generation system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(4):38-44.
[5]马速良,蒋小平,马会萌,等.平抑风电波动的混合储能系统的容量配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(8):108-114.Ma Suliang,Jiang Xiaoping,Ma Huimeng,et al.Capacity configuration of the hybrid energy storage system for wind power smoothing[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(8):108-114.
[6]Ostadi A,Kazerani M.A comparative analysis of optimal sizing of battery-only,ultracapacitor-only,and battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems for a city bus[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2015,64(10):4449-4460.
[7]Song Ziyou,Hofmann Heath,Li Jianqiu,et al.Energy management strategies comparison for electric vehicles with hybrid energy storage system[J].Applied Energy,2014,134:321-331.
[8]Herrera V,Gaztanaga H,Milo A,et al.Optimal energy management and sizing of a battery supercapacitor based light rail vehicle with a multiobjective approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(4):3367-3377.
[9]Herrera V,Milo A,Gaztanaga H,et al.Adaptive energy management strategy and optimal sizing applied on a battery supercapacitor based tramway[J].Applied Energy,2016,169:831-845.
[10]桑丙玉,陶以彬,郑高,等.超级电容-蓄电池混合储能拓扑结构和控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(2):1-6.Sang Bingyu,Tao Yibin,Zheng Gao,et al.Research on topology and control strategy of the supercapacitor and battery hybrid energy storage[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(2):1-6.
[11]Lin Hongtao,Jiang Jiuchun,Wei Shaoyuan,et al.Optimization control for the efficiency of an onboard hybrid energy storage system in tramway based on fuzzy control[C]//IEEE International Conference on Compatibility,Power Electronics and Power Engineering,Cadiz,Spain,Spain,2017:454-459.
[12]王琪,孙玉坤,罗印升.混合动力电动汽车的复合电源功率分配控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(18):143-151.Wang Qi,Sun Yukun,Luo Yinsheng.A power distribution control strategy of hybrid energy storage system in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(18):143-151.
[13]宋宛净,姚建刚,汪觉恒,等.全寿命周期成本理论在主变压器选择中的应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2012,24(6):111-116.Song Wanjing,Yao Jiangang,Wang Jueheng,et al.Application of life cycle cost theory in main transformer selection[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2012,24(6):111-116.
[14]JB/T 2426-1992.发电厂和变电所自用三相变压器技术参数与要求[S].1992.
[15]薛楠,孙丙香,白恺,等.基于容量增量分析的复合材料锂电池分区间循环衰退机理[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):145-152.Xue Nan,Sun Bingxiang,Bai Kai,et al.Different state of charge range cycle degradation mechanism of composite material lithium-ion batteries based on incremental capacity analysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):145-152.
[16]Takami N,Inagaki H,Tatebayashi Y,et al.Highpower and long-life lithium-ion batteries using lithium titanium oxide anode for automotive and stationary power applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2013,244:469-475.
[17]广州有轨电车有限公司.运营时刻表[EB/OL].[2017-09-26].http://www.easycitygo.net/Operation/Index?P=operation.
[18]张帝,姜久春,张维戈,等.基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2101-2107.Zhang Di,Jiang Jiuchun,Zhang Weige,et al.Economic operation of electric vehicle battery swapping station based on genetic algorithms[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2101-2107.
[19]Electricity price list of Guangzhou.Guangzhou municipal development and reform commission[EB/OL].[2017-09-26].http://www.gzplan.gov.cn/gzplan/ggsyjg/list.shtml.