不同核桃种质展叶期抗寒性的综合评价
|
摘要
为给春季核桃种质抗寒性的鉴定及核桃抗寒品种的选育提供理论依据,分别以甘肃省成县栽培的普通核桃(香玲、中林1号、辽核4号、陇南755、陇南15、强特勒、土莱尔、清香)、美国黑核桃及美国长山核桃等核桃种质展叶期的叶片为材料,将其叶片分别置于4、0、-4、-6、-8℃的低温冷藏柜中进行胁迫处理,以大田自然生长的叶片为对照,测定其相对电导率、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等生理生化指标的变化情况,并根据相对电导率结合Logistic方程计算叶片的半致死温度(LT50),采用主成分分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析等方法对不同核桃种质的抗寒性进行了综合评价。测定结果表明:随着胁迫温度的降低,相对电导率逐渐升高,可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量均先上升后下降;其中,可溶性糖含量与核桃种质的抗寒性呈正相关关系,而相对电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量与核桃种质的抗寒性却均呈负相关关系。主成分分析结果表明:对核桃种质抗寒性影响最大的指标是相对电导率,其次分别是可溶性糖和丙二醛含量,游离脯氨酸含量的影响最小;根据综合抗寒指标排序,供试核桃种质抗寒性的强弱顺序为:美国长山核桃>美国黑核桃>强特勒>辽核4号>清香>陇南755>土莱尔>中林1号>陇南15>香玲,这与其半致死温度(LT50)的高低顺序基本一致。聚类分析结果显示,供试核桃种质可聚为3类:美国长山核桃、美国黑核桃、强特勒等聚为一类,此类属于抗寒性强的种质;辽核4号、陇南755、土莱尔等聚为一类,此类属于抗寒性较强的种质;中林1号、清香、陇南15、香玲等聚为一类,此类属于抗寒性较差的种质。聚类分析结果与田间观察结果基本一致。
The purpose was to provide some theoretical bases for identifying cold resistance of walnut germplasm and breeding varieties with cold resistance. Leaves from Juglans regia, J. nigra and Cerrya illinoensis at leaf-expansion period were used as materials, which planted in Chengxian of Gansu. Eight varieties of J. regia were included, and they were Xiangling, Zhonglin No.1, Liaohe No.4, Longnan 755, Longnan 15, Chandler, Tulaier and Qingxiang. Leaves were exposed to different temperatures(4, 0,-4,-6 and-8 ℃). Leaves in natural condition were used as the control.Some physiological and biochemcal indexes were detremined, including relative conductivity, soluble sugar content,malondialdenhyde(MDA) content, proline content and so on. Based on relative conductivity, semilethal temperature(LT50) was calculated by using Logistic equation. Cold resistance of different walnut varieties were evalued by using the methods of principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis. The results showed that with decrease of stress temperature, relative conductivity was increased gradually, contents of soluble sugar, MDA and proline were increased firstly and then decreased. Cold resistance of walnut varieties was correlated with soluble sugar content,and was negatively correlated with relative conductivity, MDA content and proline content. The results of principal analysis showed that relative conductivity had the strongest effect on cold resistance of walnut varieties, contents of soluble sugar and MDA were in the next place, and proline content was in the last place. According to comprehensive cold resistance indexes, cold resistance order of the tested varieties was C. illinoensis > J. nigra > Chandler > Liaohe No.4 >Qingxiang > Longnan 755 > Tulaier > Zhonglin No.1 > Longnan 15 > Xiangling, which agreed with the LT50 order.The results showed that the tested varieties were clustered into three groups. C. illinoensis, J. nigra and Chandler were in the group with strong cold resistance. Liaohe No.4, Longnan755 and Tulaier were in the group with moderate cold resistance. Zhonglin No.1, Qingxiang, Longnan 15 and Xiangling were in the group with weak cold resistance. The result was accorded with the result of filed observation.
The purpose was to provide some theoretical bases for identifying cold resistance of walnut germplasm and breeding varieties with cold resistance. Leaves from Juglans regia, J. nigra and Cerrya illinoensis at leaf-expansion period were used as materials, which planted in Chengxian of Gansu. Eight varieties of J. regia were included, and they were Xiangling, Zhonglin No.1, Liaohe No.4, Longnan 755, Longnan 15, Chandler, Tulaier and Qingxiang. Leaves were exposed to different temperatures(4, 0,-4,-6 and-8 ℃). Leaves in natural condition were used as the control.Some physiological and biochemcal indexes were detremined, including relative conductivity, soluble sugar content,malondialdenhyde(MDA) content, proline content and so on. Based on relative conductivity, semilethal temperature(LT50) was calculated by using Logistic equation. Cold resistance of different walnut varieties were evalued by using the methods of principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis. The results showed that with decrease of stress temperature, relative conductivity was increased gradually, contents of soluble sugar, MDA and proline were increased firstly and then decreased. Cold resistance of walnut varieties was correlated with soluble sugar content,and was negatively correlated with relative conductivity, MDA content and proline content. The results of principal analysis showed that relative conductivity had the strongest effect on cold resistance of walnut varieties, contents of soluble sugar and MDA were in the next place, and proline content was in the last place. According to comprehensive cold resistance indexes, cold resistance order of the tested varieties was C. illinoensis > J. nigra > Chandler > Liaohe No.4 >Qingxiang > Longnan 755 > Tulaier > Zhonglin No.1 > Longnan 15 > Xiangling, which agreed with the LT50 order.The results showed that the tested varieties were clustered into three groups. C. illinoensis, J. nigra and Chandler were in the group with strong cold resistance. Liaohe No.4, Longnan755 and Tulaier were in the group with moderate cold resistance. Zhonglin No.1, Qingxiang, Longnan 15 and Xiangling were in the group with weak cold resistance. The result was accorded with the result of filed observation.
引文
[1]吴国良,刘群龙,郑先波,等.核桃种质资源研究进展[J].果树学报,2009,26(4):6-12.
[2]张有林,原双进,王小纪,等.基于中国核桃发展战略的核桃加工业的分析与思考[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):1-8.
[3]张永刚,印遇龙,黄端林,等.多不饱和脂肪酸的营养作用及其基因表达调控[J].食品科学,2006,27(1):273-277.
[4]李敏,刘媛,孙翠,等.核桃营养价值研究进展[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(6):166-169.
[5]万本屹,董海洲,李宏,等.核桃油的特性及营养价值的研究[J].西部粮油科技,2001,26(5):18-20.
[6]郗荣庭.中国核桃(Juglans regia L)的起源考证[J].河北农业大学学报,1990,13(1):89-94.
[7]裴东,鲁新政.中国核桃种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011:25-30.
[8]吕永来.2013年全国省(区、市)核桃、板栗、枣、柿子产量完成情况分析[J].中国林业产业,2014(12):34-36.
[9]陈金海,罗仁仙.晚霜与冰雪灾害对核桃产业的影响及应对措施[J].经济林研究,2011,29(2):119-123.
[10]柳新红,何小勇,苏冬梅,等.翅荚木种源抗寒性综合评价体系的构建与应用[J].林业科学,2007,43(10):45-50.
[11]相昆,张美勇,徐颖,等.不同核桃品种耐寒特性综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2325-2330.
[12]田景花,王红霞,张志华,等.低温逆境对不同核桃品种抗氧化系统及超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1320-1326.
[13]杨惠,翟梅枝,李丽,等.陕西核桃栽培品种优系抗寒性评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(4):50-55.
[14]刘杜玲,张博勇,孙红梅,等.早实核桃不同品种抗寒性综合评价[J].园艺学报,2015,42(3):545-553.
[15]田景花,王红霞,高仪,等.核桃属4树种展叶期抗寒性鉴定[J].园艺学报,2012,39(12):2439-2446.
[16]王苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.
[17]朱根海,刘祖祺,朱培仁.应用Logistic方程确定植物组织半致死温度的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1986(3):11-16.
[18]李轶冰,杨顺强,任广鑫,等.低温处理下不同禾本科牧草的生理变化及其抗寒性比较[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1341-1347.
[19]时朝,王亚芝,刘国杰.应用Logistic方程确定五种苹果枝条的半致死温度的研究[J].北方园艺,2013(2):36-38.
[20]杜永吉,于磊,孙吉雄,等.结缕草3个品种抗寒性的综合评价[J].草业学报,2008,17(3):6-16.
[21]高振洲,李洁宁,喻方圆.安息香属3个树种苗木抗寒生理差异研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(2):36-42.
[22]潘晓云,王根轩,曹琴东.兰州地区引种的美国扁桃的越冬伤害与临界致死低温[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):63-65.
[23]刘雪梅,尚庆茂,张志刚.辣椒不同品种种子萌芽期耐低温性及评价方法研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,18(3):521-527.
[24]苏李维,李胜,马绍英,等.葡萄抗寒性综合评价方法的建立[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):70-79.
[25]岳海,李国华,李国伟,等.澳洲坚果不同品种耐寒特性的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(1):31-38.
[26]曹建东,陈佰鸿,王利军,等.葡萄抗寒性生理指标筛选及其评价[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(11):2232-2239.
[27]王依,靳娟,罗强勇,等.4个酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性的比较[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):612-619.
[28]姜慧,徐迎春,李永荣,等.香橼不同品系耐寒性的研究[J].园艺学报,2012,39(3):525-532.
[29]谷文众,王义强,廖烨.人工气候箱条件下银杏的耐寒抗热生理机制[J].经济林研究,2005,23(2):24-26.
[30]李支成.果树生理生化状况与抗寒性的关系研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(11):90-91.
[31]林兴,林占熺,林冬梅,等.低温胁迫5种菌草的抗寒性评价[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):227-234.
[32]冯献宾,董倩,李旭新,等.黄连木和黄山栾树的抗寒性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1141-1146.
[33]张远冰,刘爱荣,方蓉.外源一氧化氮对镉胁迫下黑麦草生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(4):57-64.
[34]王罗霞,赵志光,王锁民.一氧化氮对水分胁迫下小麦叶片活性氧代谢及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].草业学报,2006,15(4):104-108.
[35]岳英,鲁晓燕,杨小娟,等.梨抗寒性生理指标的筛选[J].石河子大学学报,2011,29(5):551-556.
[36]陈因,方大惟.外源脯氨酸对受NaCl胁迫的蓝藻固氮活性的影响[J].植物生理学通报,1998,28(4):254-258.
[37]王连敏,王立志,张国民,等.苗期低温对玉米体内脯氨酸、电导率及光合作用的影响[J].中国农业气象,1999,20(2):28-31.
[38]刘娥娥,宗会,郭振飞,等.干旱、盐和低温胁迫对水稻幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2000,8(3):235-238.
[39]鲁金星,姜寒玉,李唯.低温胁迫对砧木及酿酒葡萄枝条抗寒性的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(6):1040-1046.
[40]缴丽莉,路丙社,白志英,等.四种园林树木抗寒性的比较分析[J].园艺学报,2006,33(3):666-670.
[41]陈启民,哈尔肯·叶尔江,巴哈提·古丽,等.天山山麓引种长山核桃初报[J].防护林科技,2018(1):23-26,31.
[42]王晓英.美国黑核桃的引种及其研究进展[J].陕西林业科技,2018,46(2):85-87.
[43]张文娥,王飞,潘学军.葡萄种间杂交和自交后代抗寒性分析[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):290-094.
[44]郭爱华,陈钰,姚月俊.杏品种抗寒性主成分分析[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(3):234-237.
[2]张有林,原双进,王小纪,等.基于中国核桃发展战略的核桃加工业的分析与思考[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):1-8.
[3]张永刚,印遇龙,黄端林,等.多不饱和脂肪酸的营养作用及其基因表达调控[J].食品科学,2006,27(1):273-277.
[4]李敏,刘媛,孙翠,等.核桃营养价值研究进展[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(6):166-169.
[5]万本屹,董海洲,李宏,等.核桃油的特性及营养价值的研究[J].西部粮油科技,2001,26(5):18-20.
[6]郗荣庭.中国核桃(Juglans regia L)的起源考证[J].河北农业大学学报,1990,13(1):89-94.
[7]裴东,鲁新政.中国核桃种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011:25-30.
[8]吕永来.2013年全国省(区、市)核桃、板栗、枣、柿子产量完成情况分析[J].中国林业产业,2014(12):34-36.
[9]陈金海,罗仁仙.晚霜与冰雪灾害对核桃产业的影响及应对措施[J].经济林研究,2011,29(2):119-123.
[10]柳新红,何小勇,苏冬梅,等.翅荚木种源抗寒性综合评价体系的构建与应用[J].林业科学,2007,43(10):45-50.
[11]相昆,张美勇,徐颖,等.不同核桃品种耐寒特性综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2325-2330.
[12]田景花,王红霞,张志华,等.低温逆境对不同核桃品种抗氧化系统及超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1320-1326.
[13]杨惠,翟梅枝,李丽,等.陕西核桃栽培品种优系抗寒性评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(4):50-55.
[14]刘杜玲,张博勇,孙红梅,等.早实核桃不同品种抗寒性综合评价[J].园艺学报,2015,42(3):545-553.
[15]田景花,王红霞,高仪,等.核桃属4树种展叶期抗寒性鉴定[J].园艺学报,2012,39(12):2439-2446.
[16]王苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.
[17]朱根海,刘祖祺,朱培仁.应用Logistic方程确定植物组织半致死温度的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1986(3):11-16.
[18]李轶冰,杨顺强,任广鑫,等.低温处理下不同禾本科牧草的生理变化及其抗寒性比较[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1341-1347.
[19]时朝,王亚芝,刘国杰.应用Logistic方程确定五种苹果枝条的半致死温度的研究[J].北方园艺,2013(2):36-38.
[20]杜永吉,于磊,孙吉雄,等.结缕草3个品种抗寒性的综合评价[J].草业学报,2008,17(3):6-16.
[21]高振洲,李洁宁,喻方圆.安息香属3个树种苗木抗寒生理差异研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(2):36-42.
[22]潘晓云,王根轩,曹琴东.兰州地区引种的美国扁桃的越冬伤害与临界致死低温[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):63-65.
[23]刘雪梅,尚庆茂,张志刚.辣椒不同品种种子萌芽期耐低温性及评价方法研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,18(3):521-527.
[24]苏李维,李胜,马绍英,等.葡萄抗寒性综合评价方法的建立[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):70-79.
[25]岳海,李国华,李国伟,等.澳洲坚果不同品种耐寒特性的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(1):31-38.
[26]曹建东,陈佰鸿,王利军,等.葡萄抗寒性生理指标筛选及其评价[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(11):2232-2239.
[27]王依,靳娟,罗强勇,等.4个酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性的比较[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):612-619.
[28]姜慧,徐迎春,李永荣,等.香橼不同品系耐寒性的研究[J].园艺学报,2012,39(3):525-532.
[29]谷文众,王义强,廖烨.人工气候箱条件下银杏的耐寒抗热生理机制[J].经济林研究,2005,23(2):24-26.
[30]李支成.果树生理生化状况与抗寒性的关系研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(11):90-91.
[31]林兴,林占熺,林冬梅,等.低温胁迫5种菌草的抗寒性评价[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):227-234.
[32]冯献宾,董倩,李旭新,等.黄连木和黄山栾树的抗寒性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1141-1146.
[33]张远冰,刘爱荣,方蓉.外源一氧化氮对镉胁迫下黑麦草生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(4):57-64.
[34]王罗霞,赵志光,王锁民.一氧化氮对水分胁迫下小麦叶片活性氧代谢及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].草业学报,2006,15(4):104-108.
[35]岳英,鲁晓燕,杨小娟,等.梨抗寒性生理指标的筛选[J].石河子大学学报,2011,29(5):551-556.
[36]陈因,方大惟.外源脯氨酸对受NaCl胁迫的蓝藻固氮活性的影响[J].植物生理学通报,1998,28(4):254-258.
[37]王连敏,王立志,张国民,等.苗期低温对玉米体内脯氨酸、电导率及光合作用的影响[J].中国农业气象,1999,20(2):28-31.
[38]刘娥娥,宗会,郭振飞,等.干旱、盐和低温胁迫对水稻幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2000,8(3):235-238.
[39]鲁金星,姜寒玉,李唯.低温胁迫对砧木及酿酒葡萄枝条抗寒性的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(6):1040-1046.
[40]缴丽莉,路丙社,白志英,等.四种园林树木抗寒性的比较分析[J].园艺学报,2006,33(3):666-670.
[41]陈启民,哈尔肯·叶尔江,巴哈提·古丽,等.天山山麓引种长山核桃初报[J].防护林科技,2018(1):23-26,31.
[42]王晓英.美国黑核桃的引种及其研究进展[J].陕西林业科技,2018,46(2):85-87.
[43]张文娥,王飞,潘学军.葡萄种间杂交和自交后代抗寒性分析[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):290-094.
[44]郭爱华,陈钰,姚月俊.杏品种抗寒性主成分分析[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,27(3):234-237.